Kubukeka sengathi ama-raspberry ayisihlahla esidala esihle esasisakhula ngogogo bethu, futhi zonke izimfihlo nokufihlakala kokunakekela le berry kudala kwaziwa. Kepha ngasizathu simbe, abanye abalimi bagoqa amagatsha ngaphansi komthwalo wamajikijolo, kanti abanye - munye, babili, futhi banesiphutha. Futhi akugcini nje ngezinhlobonhlobo, inhlabathi engemnandi nesimo sezulu esinyanyekayo. Amajikijolo athanda ukunakwa, futhi ukuze amajikijolo abe amnandi futhi abe makhulu, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukwenziwa ngomzimba. Isinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu kufanelekile.
Ingabe ama-raspberries angatshalwa entwasahlobo
Izinsuku zokutshala okusajingijiki zixhomeke kakhulu esimeni sezulu nakwesimo sezulu esikhona. Amajikijolo angatshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kepha ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu isikhathi esihle kakhulu ekwindla, futhi emgqeni ophakathi naphakathi ezifundeni ezisenyakatho - intwasahlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi eningizimu ngemuva kwentwasahlobo emfushane, kuqala ukushisa okushisa okusheshayo, kanye nezithombo ezitshalwe ngoMashi - Ephreli, ukungabi nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande, kufanele kuvezwe amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Ukusinda kweShrub kuzokwenzeka ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, kepha ngeke kube lula.
Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu, kuyakhethwa ukutshala kwentwasahlobo. Isithombo okusajingijolo otshalwe ngo-Ephreli sizoba nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande ngaphambi kokuqala kokushisa, futhi ngokufika kokushisa kwehlobo kuzoqala ukukhula. Ukutshala kwe-Autumn emgqeni ophakathi nakho kungenzeka, kepha ngokuqala kwamaqabunga okuqala kanye nokungabikho kweqhwa, izitshalo ezincane zingafa.
Isithombo sokutshala kwentwasahlobo
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala kwentwasahlobo yama-raspberries yisigamu sesibili sika-Ephreli. Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu kanye nendawo yesimo sezulu, isikhathi singashintshela endaweni ethile noma kwenye, kepha kungakuhle ukubamba lo mcimbi ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwezinso.
Ikhalenda lenyanga yonyaka we-2018 libhekwa njengezinsuku ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala ama-raspberries ngo-Ephreli 7-8, Ephreli 20-22 nangoMeyi 4-6, Meyi 18-19.
Ukutshala ama-raspberries kufanele kuqale ngokukhethwa kwendawo. Indawo enelanga, enomoya opholile ingaba mihle, kepha izithombo ezitshalwe eceleni kocingo zizokhula kahle futhi zijabulise isivuno. Isithunzi esivela ocingweni, ikakhulukazi ntambama, sizovikela amajikijolo emisebeni ebabayo. Into esemqoka ukuthi ama-raspberries awaveli ngaphandle kwelanga isikhathi eside phakathi nosuku.
I-raspberry yenhlabathi ithanda ukungathathi hlangothi noma acidic kancane. Uma uzungu lune-acidic, khona-ke ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kuyadingeka ukuthi ku-deoxidate - engeza ushoko noma ufulawa we-dolomite wokumba.
Ama-raspberries akufanele atshalwe lapho amazambane, utamatisi noma ama-sitrobheni akhula khona ngaphambi kwawo. Lezi zitshalo zinezifo ezijwayelekile ngama-raspberries, ngakho-ke ukutshala ngemuva kwalezivuno kungenziwa kuphela emva kweminyaka emithathu.
Ukulungiselela umgodi nokutshala okusajingijolo
Ubukhulu bemigodi yokufika (imisele) buxhomeke kakhulu enhlabathini - umpetha womhlaba, kukhulu ukujula nobubanzi besikhala sokufika. Imvamisa, ama-recesses ambiwa ngo-50 cm ububanzi nama-40-50 cm ajule.
Imigodi yokufakelwa noma imisele yokutshala kwentwasahlobo kufanele ikulungele ekwindla. Benza kanjena:
- Amapayipi ambiwa endaweni okuhlosiwe, izinsalela ezivuthayo zenhlabathi zibekwa phansi:
- amagatsha
- umoba;
- ukukhonkotha.
- Thela ungqimba wokhula oluhlaza oluluhlaza ngaphandle kwembewu.
- Inhlabathi enomsoco ibekwe ngaphezulu ngokufakwa kwe:
- umlotha;
- ufulawa we-dolomite;
- umquba obolile
Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi ayikho indlela yokutshala ngokushesha isithombo se-raspberry futhi udinga ukusigcina usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Kulokhu, kufanele usonge izimpande ngendwangu emanzi bese ubeka isitshalo esikhwameni sepulasitiki. Kuhle uma ukwazi ukubeka ukuthenga kwakho endaweni epholile, ngokwesibonelo, egalaji elingashisiwe noma esibayeni. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele ushiye isithombo elangeni noma ufake ibhakede lamanzi isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora - isitshalo esisha, cishe, ngeke sikubeke lokhu. Uma udinga ukugcina isihlahla se-raspberry esithengiwe isikhathi eside, kungcono ukusisika emthunzini.
Ukutshala ama-raspberry emigodini:
- Emgodini olungiselelwe futhi embozwe inhlabathi evundile, yenza ukujula, uthele 40 g we-nitroammophoski futhi uhlanganise kahle nomhlabathi.
- Yehlisa isithombo emgodini bese usibeka ukuze intamo yezimpande igcwale nenhlabathi.
- Fafaza izimpande ngomhlabathi bese uxubana nengaphezulu.
Izithombo okusajingijolo ezibekwe enkabeni yomgodi zifafazwe nomhlaba
- Nisela yisithombo kahle.
- Mulch ingaphezulu kwenhlabathi nge peat, sawdust rotted noma ngomquba.
- Nquma amahlumela afinyelele ku-30 cm, ushiye amahlamvu wokulala.
Izithombo ezitshaliwe zisikiwe, zishiya ama-5-6 efihlekile
Yilokho ubuqili bonke. Ukuze uthole intuthuko enhle futhi isivuno esicebile, ama-raspberries azodinga isikhala, ngakho-ke ibanga phakathi kwemigodi kufanele libe ngu-80-100 cm, naphakathi kwemigqa 1.5 metres.
Ukufika komsele
Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukutshala umsele okusajingijolo. Kwenziwa ngokuyisisekelo esifanayo ngokufika emigodini. Ibanga phakathi kwemisele kufanele okungenani libe yi-1 m, futhi ibanga phakathi kwezithombo lingama-40-50 cm.
Ukuhlanganisa ingaphezulu emseleni kuzogcina umswakama futhi kuthuthukise i-microclimate yenhlabathi
Ochwepheshe beluleka ukutshala ama-raspberries enhlabathini yobumba enhlabathini enobumba, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo kufanele zibe ngu-10-15 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba. Le ndlela izovikela izithombo ekuqothulweni kwamanzi emhlabathini, okuvame ukwenzeka ezindaweni zobumba ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa noma intwasahlobo.
Ukutshala ama-raspberries emiseleni kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi: uma inhlabathi inomswakama - itshalwe emigqomeni, uma yomile - sebenzisa indlela ejulile
Ngatshala ama-raspberries ami eminyakeni emihlanu edlule entwasahlobo imisele eceleni kocingo. Sisasitholile isiza - abaphathi basika i-steppe eseyintombi nto. Inhlabathi ayinamthamo ompofu, ngakho-ke ukutshala imisele ngemishini yokudangala kwaphenduka kufaneleka. Ngagcwalisa imisele ngomquba wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi, nganezela umlotha, kodwa kwadingeka ngenze ngaphandle kwendaba yezinto eziphilayo - kwakungekho umquba noma umquba. Ehlobo, laligcwele ukhula olugawulwe bese lunisela ngomanyolo oluhlaza. Ngonyaka wesibili, isivuno sokuqala savunwa, hhayi ukuceba, kodwa kithina bekukuhle. Izinto zihambe kangcono kakhulu - ukuzala kwenhlabathi kusuka ku-mulch kanye nokunisela ejwayelekile kuye kwanda, futhi ukuthambisa imisele kulula kakhulu kunemigodi. Amabibi ami akhula ngemigqa emibili, kuma-trellises, alula kakhulu. Okusajingijolo sekukhulile futhi ngonyaka wesithathu, kusimangaze futhi sithokoze ngesivuno esihle kakhulu, noma kungenjalo sikhulu kakhulu, kepha amajikijolo amnandi futhi anamakha.
Ividiyo: ulungiselela kanjani umsele
Ifaka izici zokutshala "ejwayelekile"
Ama-raspberry ekwakhekeni ngesimo sesihlahla se- “raspberry” kwesinye isikhathi atshalwe emigodini ngama-cm angama-50 ububanzi nama-50 cm ajule. Njengoba isiqu sakhiwa kusuka ekuhlolweni, ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe likhulu kunama-raspberry ajwayelekile - 1 m phakathi kwezitshalo zilandelana no 2 m phakathi kwezintambo. Ukufika kwakho konke akusafani nokwejwayelekile.
Ama-raspberries ahlanganisiwe ngokuvamile atshalwa emigodini.
Izindlela zokutshala ama-raspberries entwasahlobo
Intwasahlobo isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokusabalalisa ama-raspberries ngokusika. Ama-cutways angaba izimpande - izingxenye zezimpande ezinamahlumela nokuluhlaza - ukusikwa kusuka ihlumela. Zombili zinezimpande kahle, kuyilapho zonke izimfanelo ezihlukile zesihlahla se-uterine zidluliselwa kusitshalo esisha.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika izimpande
Izingcucu ezingumsuka zivunwa entwasahlobo, lapho zidlulisela ama-raspberries endaweni entsha. Izingxenye zezimpande ezinamagatsha akamuva zihlukaniswa nempande enkulu futhi zitshale endaweni elungiselelwe. Umbhede otshaliwe onomhlabathi ovundile, ohlelwe endaweni enomthunzi, ulungele kangcono lezi zinhloso. Uma ukufakelwa okusajingijile kungahlelwanga, ungabumba ngokucophelela impande ngokuqondile ukusuka esihlahleni, usike bese uyihlukanisa ibe yizihlahla zokusika.
Cishe inyanga eyodwa kamuva, izitshalo ezincane zizovela kuma-cuttings ezimpande
Inqubo-nyathelo-nenqubo yokusebenzela yokusika izimpande:
- Bamba ama-grooves ama-cm cm ajule embhedeni.
- Beka ukusika kuma-grooves kude ne-5-10 cm kusuka komunye nomunye.
Izilimo ezisikiwe sezimpande zibekwe esitolo
- Sika izingcezu ngenhlabathi, ngokuqina nangamanzi.
- Faka ingaphezulu kwenhlabathi nganoma iyiphi into - Peat, sawdust, compost noma agrofibre.
- Mboza umbhede wengadi ngokugoqwa kwepulasitiki, uhlela abamba ukushisa okuncane.
Ngaphansi kwesembozo sefilimu, umswakama owandisiwe kanye nokushisa kugcinwa, futhi yilezi zimo ezidingekayo zokusika ukubamba ibanga
I-greenhouse kufanele igcine ukushisa komoya okungu-22-25 mayelanaC kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Ukuvimbela ukusikeka kusuka ekuqhumeni, i-greenhouse kumele idluliswe nsuku zonke. Isimo sezulu esinamafu, kwanele ukuvula ubamba okuluhlaza kanye ngosuku imizuzu eyi-10-15. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo elangeni, kungcono ukushiya umoya uvulekile ngokuphakamisa ifilimu ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zingaphela.
Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amahlumela amancane, ifilimu kufanele ifakwe esikhundleni nge-agrofibre. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuvula umbhede nhlobo - kuze kube yilapho izithombo zikhula, zidinga izimo zokugcina ukushisa - umswakama owandisiwe kanye nokuntuleka komoya. Izitshalo eziqinisiwe nezikhulile zidluliselwa endaweni unomphela nenqwaba yomhlaba, zikhetha usuku olunamafu oluthuliwe lokufakelwa.
Ukutshala okusikiwe okusajingijolo okuluhlaza okhulisa izithombo
Ama-cutways aluhlaza anqunywa kusuka amahlumela amasha aqukethe amajikijolo, avame ukuvela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ungasusa izingcezwana ekhaya esitsheni, kepha kungcono ukuhlela okuluhlaza okotshani ekhoneni elinomthunzi engadini. Kubalulekile ukugcina umswakama ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezimpawu nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya lingu-22-25 mayelanaC.
Inqubo-nyathelo ngesinyathelo inqubo yokusakazwa ngokusikwa okuluhlaza:
- Sika ihlumela libe yizingxenye ngama-internode amabili - isigaba esingenhla siqondile, okungezansi kunciphile.
- Sika amaqabunga aphansi, unciphise okungaphezulu ukuze isiqu singalahlekelwa umswakama.
Lapho ulungiselela ukusikiwe okusajingijolo ukhula kahle ezindongeni, susa wonke amaqabunga aphansi
- Usebenzisa ummese ohlanzekile, bhala phansi kwesibambo ukuphakama okungama-2-3 cm kusuka kusiki olungaphansi.
- Ukuze uthuli olusike oluphansi kanye nengxenye eklanyiwe ngeKornevin.
- Esitsheni esigcwalisiwe inhlanganisela yomhlaba ovundile nesihlabathi 1: 1, yenza umgodi ngenduku (uma ukhula lwenhlanganisela lwenziwa engadini - yenza okufanayo nasendaweni ebekiwe).
- Faka isibambo emgodini ku-45mayelana bese ucindezela phansi.
- Moisten inhlabathi kancane bese ukumboza isitsha ngefilimu ngesimo abamba ukushisa.
Ama-cutways aluhlaza asekelwe engxenyeni yesihlabathi nomhlaba noma esihlabathini esimanzi nesihlanzekile.
Imvamisa kuthatha cishe inyanga ukuqhuma, futhi sonke lesi sikhathi abamba ukushisa kufanele kungene umoya nsuku zonke imizuzu eyi-10-15. Lapho ihlumela liqala ukukhula, yisithombo singatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo engadini. Kungcono ukumboza lesi sitshalo esincanyana nge-agrofibre cap - lokhu kuzovikela isithombo elangeni nasemoyeni, futhi ukuthatha izimpande endaweni entsha ngeke kube nobuhlungu.
Ukusakazwa inzalo yezimpande
Inzalo enzalo ikhula kusuka kuma-adnexal buds akhiwe ngaphansi komhlaba. Isithombo esinjalo sinesistimu yezimpande kanye nesiqu esakhiwe, ngakho-ke singakwazi ukuhlukaniswa nesitshalo sikamama bese sidluliselwa ngokushesha endaweni entsha.
Izingane zikhula kusuka kuma-buddle adnexal asezimpandeni ze-raspberry
Kungcono ukuthatha ama-extprings amancane aze afike ku-20 cm ukuphakama. Isikimu sokutshala 10x30 cm.Isihla sesithombo kumele sisuswe futhi sikhiphe ingxenye yesithathu yawo wonke amaqabunga.
Umsebenzi wenziwa ngesimo sezulu esinamafu noma lina, futhi sibuye sithole izithombo emasontweni amabili okuqala.
Ividiyo: ukutshala ama-raspberry ngenzala yezimpande
Izici zokutshala kwentwasahlobo ezifundeni
Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kwama-raspberry ezifundeni kwenziwa ngokwesikimu esichaziwe. Umehluko ungahle ubangelwe yisikhathi - e-Ukraine, eBelarus nakwezinye izindawo ezifudumele, ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kuqala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, futhi esifundeni saseLeningrad, e-Urals, eSiberia, ama-raspberries atshalwa kungekudala ngemuva kwalokho - kusuka engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Ngingathanda ukunaka ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo. Kungcono ukuthenga izinto zokutshala ezindaweni zokugcina zasekhaya - khona-ke ngeke kube nezimanga ezingemnandi. Isithombo esikhule e-Ukraine noma eKuban ngeke sibe lula kwi-Altai Territory, ngoba ubusika bubanda kakhulu lapho futhi kunelanga elincane. Futhi abakhiqizi bendawo bazonikela ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezihluma kahle nezimpande futhi zithele izithelo kule ndawo. Nkulisa ngayinye ebaluleke kakhulu inendawo yayo enekhathalogi yezitshalo. Ngaphambi kokuthenga izithombo, ungabi yivila, funda incazelo yezinhlobo eziphakanyisiwe - lokhu kuzosiza ukwenza isinqumo esifanele.
Ochwepheshe ezinkulisa zasekhaya bazosiza ekunqumeni izinhlobo futhi banikeze izincomo ngokunakekelwa kwama-raspberry.
Ama-raspberries okutshala entwasahlobo ayimisebenzi emihle yasengadini. Uma usondela kulolu daba ngokungathi sína nangokucacile - khetha izinhlobo ezifanele indawo, indlela yokutshala ehambelana nohlobo lomhlabathi, nendawo enhle engadini, khona-ke impumelelo ngeke ibe yinde ngokuza, ngoba ukunakekela isitshalo akunzima ngokuphelele.
