Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-apula ezivuthwa ehlobo. Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezivelele zakwa-Orlovim. Isihlahla sama-Apple salezi zihlukahlukene singokwalabo abaholi bezithelo eziphelile. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma nge-apula "I-Orlovim", nikeza incazelo yezihlukahlukene ngezithombe, kanye nezibuyekezo zabalimi.
Umlando wokuzala
Ngo-1977, e-All-Russian Institute of Breeding, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zadalwa ngokuwela i-Antonovka nge-sapping ye-SR0523. Ngenxa yabososayensi uZ.M. Serova, V.V. Zhdanov no-E.N. Sedov, i-apple tree "I-Orlovim" yavela. Yakhelwe iCentral Russia, kodwa kamuva lezi zihlukahlukene zahluma ezindaweni eziphakathi.
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Lo muthi unenzuzo eningi. Kodwa kunezimo eziyingozi. Lokhu kungabonakala ngokuhlola izici ezihlukahlukene. 
Uyazi? Ama-apula yizithelo ze-tonic - eyodwa zingathatha indawo yekhofi.
Incazelo yomuthi
Umuthi srednerosloy, ufinyelela ukuphakama kwe-5 m. Umqhele ojikelezayo noma oboshiwe unesilinganiso esiphakathi. Amagatsha amakhulu akatholakali atholakala. Amahlumela aphihliwe, shiya esitokisini esiseduze ngakwesokudla. Amagxolo emagatsheni amakhulu kanye nesikhwama sinombala omnyama futhi uhlobisa. Amaqabunga omuthi aphakathi, aphikisiwe, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ane-tinge ephuzi. Izindwangu ezibhekene nazo azibonakali kahle. Amaqabunga afakwe amaqanda ama-oblong, abe nemikhawulo ye-helical futhi ephihliwe kancane. I-matte yamathipu, i-convex, ivinjiwe kancane, ibe ne-edge ye wavy. AmaLeafs aphakathi azinwele ezincane. Ama-Buds esihlahleni agxiliwe, ahlangene. Izimbali zinkulu, i-pink pink, i-saucer-shape.
Hlola izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezihlahla zama-apula: ama-Uralets, i-safari ye-Pepin, uMengameli, uMnqamulajuqu, Ubuhle Bashkir, i-Berkutovskoe, Imali, i-Sun, i-Synaph yaseNyakatho, i-Candy, Ranetki, Semerenko, Uslada noMelba.
Incazelo yezithelo
Izithelo zilinganiselwe. Bakhabushezi futhi bakhazimulayo. I-apula eyodwa ingaba isisindo esisuka ku-130 kuya ku-180 g. Izithelo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zibe nezibomvu ezibomvu ezibomvu nemicu ephuzi. Ama-apula anesisindo esisodwa, abe nesimo esicacile se-conical, ekhwela kancane. Inyama ilukhuni, i-cream-colored, enomsoco kakhulu, enephunga elimnandi elimnandi. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuyinto enhle futhi emuncu. 
Ukuvota
Lokhu kuhluka kungokwama samobesplodny. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukutshala izinhlobo zokuvundisa endaweni, njengePepin Saffron, i-Anis Scarlet ne-Welsey. Uma izinhlobo ezinjalo zingakhuli esiqhingini, impova yokufakelwa iyadingeka ukuze iqhube kahle. Siyabonga kubavolontiya abaqeqeshiwe, kwenziwa ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Uma usebenzisa impova yezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula, lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu izithelo nezithelo.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Ama-apula avuthwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
Ukuthela
Umuthi we-Apple uletha izithelo eminyakeni emine emva kokutshala. Umuthi omncane uletha izithelo ezingu-80 kg, umuntu omdala - ezingaphezu kuka-100 kg. 
Ukuthutha nokugcina
Izinhlobonhlobo zehlobo zama-apula azigcinwanga isikhathi eside - zingekho inyanga eyodwa, uma ubona izinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke zihanjiswa kabi.
Ubusika obunzima
Lezi zihlahla zinezinkinga ezinhle kakhulu zasebusika. Bangakwazi ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa phansi -35 ° C.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
I-Orlov imelana nesilwane nezinye izifo zefungal ngenxa yegciwane le-Vm.
Isicelo
Izithelo ezintsha zigcinwa isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke inqubo ye-apula bese yenza ama-juice kanye nama-jams. 
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo uma uthenga
Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezindaweni zokulima:
- imbewu enhle akufanele ibe namaqabunga;
- ibhakede akumele lomiswe;
- umuthi akufanele ube nomonakalo;
- izimpande kumele ziphile futhi zikhulu. Izimpande ezintsha emva kokugaya nge-nail kunezinkuni ezimhlophe;
- kungcono ukunikeza izintandokazi zonyaka owodwa;
- isiqu ngaphansi kwegxolo lomuthi onempilo kuyinto eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kubalulekile! Ku-trunk akufanele kube khona ukuvuvukala, ukukhula - lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi kukhona lesi sifo.
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo ze-apula
Ngaphambi kokuba utshale i-apula, udinga ukwazi isikhathi sokutshala, nokukhetha indawo efanele. 
Isikhathi esiphelele
Kunconywa ukutshala umuthi lapho umhlabathi uhamba kahle futhi akukho nhlobo ukuthi ukubuyela kwesithwathwa kuzowubhubhisa. Lokhu kuvame ukuqhutshwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Kodwa abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukutshala ekwindla, ukutshala izithombo phakathi no-Okthoba.
Ukukhetha indawo
Indawo yokutshala kufanele ivuleke kahle futhi ifakwe umoya. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele asondele eduze - ukujula okukhulu kokuvela kwabo akungaphansi kwe-2 m. Uma kukhona isongo sokukhukhula njalo, izihlahla kufanele zitshalwe egqumeni noma zisetshenziswe amanzi. "I-Orlov" ikhetha ukungcola, ukuphefumula kwesihlabathi esinomhlabathi noma i-loam, isabela ngendlela encane.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Uma umuthi we-apula utshalwe entwasahlobo, ingxube yezwe kufanele ilungiswe izinyanga ezintathu, futhi uma kuwa-izinyanga eziyisithupha. Balungisa imbobo mayelana nobubanzi obuyi-60 cm, futhi ukujula kufanele kube ngu-80 cm. Uma ugoba imbobo, kubalulekile ukubeka ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ngendlela eyodwa kanye nesendlalelo esingezansi kwesinye. Okulandelayo, phansi komgodi ukhululile futhi uthele kuwo ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba. Uhlaka olungezansi luxubene ne-compost (3 amabhakede), umlotha okhuni (700 g), umanyolo wamaminerali (1 kg), i-lime e-slaked (300 g). Yonke inhlanganisela ithululelwa emgodini.
Kubalulekile! Qinisekisa ukuthi uhambisane nesikhathi sokulungiselela umgodi - uma umanyolo ungenayo isikhathi sokuba perepret, lokhu kungalimaza umuthi.Inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokutshala i-apula:
- Ngaphambi kokutshala umuthi, bheka izimpande zawo. Izimpande ezimnyama noma ezilimele kufanele zilungiswe ngamasheya.
- Emgodini osuvele ulungiselelwe, udinga ukwenza imbobo mayelana no-70 cm, ububanzi bawo kufanele buhambisane nobubanzi bomsuka.
- Uma uhlwanyela izihlahla eziningana, umuntu kufanele alandele ibanga phakathi kwezithombo ezingaba ngu-3 m, naphakathi kwemigqa - 5 m.
- Ngaphansi komgodi womhlaba udinga ukwenza intaba lapho izimpande zomuthi zigcinwe ngokucophelela.
- Ukufiphaza phansi komhlaba kufakwe ngokulinganayo emaphethelweni emgodi. Intamo yentambo kufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-7 cm.
- Khona-ke kufanelekile ukugcoba phansi ngenhla.
- Udinga ukwenza ukucindezeleka okuncane eceleni komgogodla - lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina umswakama.
- Inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla ihlanganiswe ne-sawdust noma i-peat.
- Kudingeka ukuphuza umuthi 3 wamanzi.
- Ukuze umuthi ungaphenduli futhi uphule, ungahlanganiswa nesikhonkwane, esifakwe kusengaphambili endaweni engaba ngu-5 cm ukusuka esihlahleni somuthi.
Izici zokunakekelwa konyaka ngezihlahla ze-apula
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle minyaka yonke, kufanele unakekele kahle umuthi we-apula.
Uyazi? Ngenxa yokucwaningwa kwemvelo, kwaziwa ukuthi abantu basebenzisa ama-apula njengokudla kusukela ngo-6500 BC. i-er
Ukunisela, ukusiphahla nokukhipha
Uma ingadli, umuthi kufanele uphuze izikhathi ezintathu ngenyanga. Maphakathi no-Agasti, ukuchelela kunqanyuliwe. Futhi qinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ayimile eduze komuthi we-apula. Ngemuva kokuyiphuza ithululekile. Ukuhluma kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukhula.
Indima ye-mulch
Umbuthano we-Mulch pristvolny ekwindla yama-humus - wenza njengesivikelo esengeziwe ngokumelene nesithwathwa. Futhi, i-mulch ayivumeli ukhula lukhule futhi lugcina ukulondoloza umswakama emhlabathini. 
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngonyaka wokuqala, i-apula ayidingi ukufaka umquba. Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili kufanele kufakwe umanyolo okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka ngamunye. Ngesikhathi sokuqala (maphakathi no-Ephreli), uma ugoba nxazonke zomjikelezo womgqomo, u-500 g we-urea, i-40 g ye-nitroammophoska, i-30 g ye-nitrate, kanye namabhakede ama-4 omquba.
Ukudla okulandelayo kuqhutshwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza: i-potassium sulphate (400 g), i-superphosphate (0.5 kg), urea (250 g) ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-100 amanzi. Lesi sinkinga kufanele sithathwe isonto. Bawuthululela lesi sihlahla ngesimo sezulu esomile.
Inyanga ngemva kokuba umuthi we-apula uqale ukuvuthwa, umanyolo usetshenziselwa okwesithathu: i-nitrophoska (500 g), i-sodium humate eyomile (10 g) ichitheka ngo-100 l amanzi. Umuthi ngamunye udinga amabhakede amathathu ale nkinga.
Ehlobo kungcono ukugqoka i-foliar ngokusebenzisa isisombululo se-urea sokupuniza. Ungasebenzisa futhi ama-mineral compounds, njenge "Nutrivant Plus", "Kemira Lux", "Akvarin". 
Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo
Ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwezifo nezinambuzane, kufanele ivimbele:
- Ukubhubhisa izinambuzane ezinwabuzelayo nezifo ezithile ze-fungal, i-apula isetshenziswe kuze kufike ukuthi amaqabunga aqhekeke ngesisombululo se-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesisombululo se-urea. Ukwelashwa ngezixazululo ezifanayo kufanele kuphindwe emva kwezinsuku ezingu-15.
- Ngezimbali, umuthi uchithelwa nge-Bordeaux ingxube kanye nesixazululo se-karbofos. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-20, ukwelashwa kufanele kuphindwe.
- Izinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukupomfa kufanele kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa isisombululo se-anabasin.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu sama-apula, funda ukuthi ungafafaza i-apula esihlahleni.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Cabanga lapho kudingekile ukuba uhlabe i-apula. Isikhathi esifanele salokhu kubhekwa njengentwasahlobo nekwindla (ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga ewile). 
Ukunquma imithetho:
- kudingeka ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ochwepheshe;
- Amagatsha abonakalisiwe nabomile kufanele anqunywe enkuni enempilo;
- I-hemp kungcono ukungashiyi. Ukunqunywa kufanele kwenziwe ekhelini elingaphezu kwegatsha elihlangene noma izinso;
- uma ukusika kunkulu, khona-ke kuphathwa nge-pitch pitch.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, amagxolo omuthi uhlanza ama-moss, ama-lichen nezindawo ezithintekile ezithintekayo nge-sulphate yethusi. Phatha izihlahla, ususe amagatsha awonakele. Umgqomo udinga ukugcotshwa, futhi ukuphahlazeka kanye namanxeba kumele kuphathwe nge-pitch engadini. Umhlaba ngaphansi komuthi ususwa ama-debris, inhlabathi iyabanjwa, bese ihlanganiswa nomquba. Amagatsha anamanzi angaba isivikelo esengeziwe esivela ku-frost nezinambuzane. Bona noma i-tolyom ingafihla isiqu se-apula. 
Ibanga elithi "Orlovy" lingenakuzithoba ekulimeni nasekushiyeni. Izithelo zinokubonakala okukhangayo nokunambitheka okuhle. Ngenxa yalokhu, lezi zihlukahlukene zithandwa kakhulu kubathengi.
