Izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane "Umlimi" ubhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, ezikhiqizayo nezingenakuzithoba. Kunconywa ukutshala ezindaweni eziningi zezulu, izilimo eziyizilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa zikhula kahle, futhi zikhulu kakhulu. Abathengi babhala ukunambitheka kwabo okuhle futhi kungenzeka ukugcina isikhathi eside.
Kulesi sihloko uzothola incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamafama, izici zayo. Futhi wazi kangcono izici zokukhula futhi ubone ukuthi ubukeka kanjani esithombeni.
Incazelo yempande
| Igama leBanga | Umlimi |
| Izici ezijwayelekile | ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana nokuguga |
| Isikhathi sokubeletha | Izinsuku ezingu-40-60 |
| Okuqukethwe kwesitashi | 9-12% |
| Izikhulu eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa | 90-110 gr |
| Inombolo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ehlathini | 10-15 |
| Ukuthela | 200-230 c / ha |
| Ikhwalithi yabathengi | ukunambitheka okuhle, akubilisi isilula, kufanelekile ukuthosa nokudla ukudla |
| I-Recumbency | 95% |
| Umbala wesikhumba | ophuzi |
| Umbala we-Pulp | ukukhanya okuphuzi |
| Izifunda ezikhulayo ezikhethiwe | isimo sezulu sezulukazi esivamile |
| Izifo zokuphikisa | ukumelana nomdlavuza wezambatho, i-cyst nematode yegolide, ama-virus, ukulimala okuphuzile; ukwelashwa kusuka e-Colorado amazambane beetle kuyadingeka |
| Izici zokukhula | ingahlwanyelwa kusuka enzalweni, ithanda ukuchelela okunye nokufaka umquba |
Imfanelo
Amazambane "Umlimi" unezinhlobo ezilandelayo zezici: kubhekisela etafuleni lokuqala le-ultra, inkathi ekhulayo yizinsuku ezingu-50-60. Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezimnandi, ukuvuthwa kuyoba ngisho nangaphambili, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu ezivuthiwe zingavuna izinsuku ezingu-40 emva kokutshala.
Ukuvunwa okuphezulu, kusuka ku-1 hektare bathola ama-apulazi akhethiwe angaphezu kuka-200. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zigcinwa kahle, okwenza zifanele ukudayiswa noma ukuthutha.
Izinhlobonhlobo zingamelana nokuguga, izilimo eziyizigaxa zokutshala okulandelayo zingakuqoqwa ngokuzimela. Ukubuyekeza ngeke kudingeke iminyaka engu-5-6. Uma ufisa, amazambane angasakazwa yizinhlanzi, ngonyaka wokuqala ukuvuna kuyoba mncane, kodwa kuyobe kufinyelele ezingeni elihle.
Bush isayizi ophakathi, ulunge, uhlobo oluphakathi, amagatsha awasakazeki. Ukwakheka kwe-green mass kuyinto ejwayelekile. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aphakathi nendawo, anemiphetho ye-wavy ebuthakathaka futhi emithanjeni elandelwa ngokucacile. I-corolla iyinkimbinkimbi, ihlanganiswe ezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe. Amajikijolo ayengahlanganiswa. Isihlahla sivikela imifino nemifino isikhathi eside. Uhlelo lwempande lunamandla, amazambane ama-10-15 amakhulu akhiwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Inani lezinto ezingezona ukuncintisana alincane.
Ukunakekela amazambane kulula. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu zikhethiwe ukutshala; emva kokuhluma, zinganqunywa zibe izingxenye, ezizogcina imbewu. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhetha inhlabathi evundile ekhanyayo, esekelwe emhlabathini omnyama noma esihlabathini, ukugeleza okuvamile nokuphuza okulinganiselayo. Ukwandisa ukukhiqiza kungenziwa amaminerali noma ukufaka umanyolo ophilayo.
"Umlimi" - Amazambane amahle kakhuluefanelekile ukulungiselela izitsha ezihlukahlukene. Okuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-starch akuvumeli ukuthi izilimo eziyizigaxa zihlukane, futhi zingabumnyama ngesikhathi sokusika.
Amazambane angapheka, okujulile-othosiwe, okuphekwe noma okugxishiwe. Okuqukethwe kwe-caloric yezilimo eziyizigaxa kuyahambisana, okuvumela ukuba sikhuthaze okuhlukahlukene kokudla okunomsoco. Kungenzeka ukuthi ulungise imikhiqizo engakapheli ukudayiswa: Iziqephu ezifriziwe zamafriji, izambatho zokugcoba, izithako zemifino efriziwe (kanye namaqathe, ama-beet, iklabishi, anyanisi nama-pepper bell).
Etafuleni ungabona isivuno sezinye izinhlobo zakuqala zamazambane:
| Igama leBanga | Ukuthela |
| Umlimi | Kusukela ku-1 hektare bathola abangaphezu kuka-200 abaphakathi. |
| Juvel | Kusuka ku-hektare elingu-1 ungaqoqa ama-quintals angaba ngu-700. |
| I-Meteor | Amakhilomitha angu-200 kuya ku-400 ehektheleni, ngokuya ngesifunda nesimo sezulu. |
| Izinsuku ezingamashumi amane | Kusukela ku-hektare elingu-1 kungaqoqwa kusuka kuma-200 kuya ku-300. |
| Minerva | Kusukela ku-hektare elingu-1 liqoqa abantu abaphakathi kuka-200 kuya ku-450. |
| I-Karatop | Ungakwazi ukuqoqa abantu abangu-200-500 ngehektha ngalinye. |
| Veneta | Inani elilinganiselwe lingamaphesenti angama-300 ehektheleni. |
| Zhukovsky ekuqaleni | Amaphesenti angu-400 ehektheleni. |
| Umfula | Ukusuka kuma-280 kuya ku-450 abaphakathi kwehektha ngalinye. |
| Kiranda | Kusuka kuma-110 kuya ku-320 abaphakathi kwehektha ngalinye. |
Umlando wokuzala
Amazambane ahlukahlukene "Umlimi" ubhekisela kumbundu wokukhethwa kukazwelonke. Ayingenanga kwiRejista Yombuso ye-Russian Federation. Ikhulile ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, sezwekazi, esibukhali. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, izithelo ziphakeme kakhulu.
Kufanelekile ukulima emapulazini noma emasimini. Ezinkulu, ngisho nezilimo eziyizigaxa zilungele ukudayiswa, ukucubungula ezimbonini, noma ukuzenzela.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Izici eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene zihlanganisa:
- Ukunambitheka kakhulu izimfanelo zezilimo eziyizigaxa;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- isivuno esihle;
- kungenzeka ukugcina isikhathi eside;
- ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu.
Kukhona neze amaphutha ezinhlobonhlobo. Isici singabhekwa njengento efuna izakhi zomsoco kanye nomswakama olinganiselayo.
Etafuleni elingezansi ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa izici zohlobo lweZamafama kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezindala kakhulu ngesisindo sezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nekhwalithi yazo yokugcina:
| Igama leBanga | I-mass of nezilimo eziyizigaxa zempahla (amagremu) | I-Recumbency |
| Umlimi | 90-110 | 95% |
| I-Meteor | 100-150 | 95% |
| Minerva | 120-245 | 94% |
| Kiranda | 92-175 | 95% |
| I-Karatop | 60-100 | 97% |
| Veneta | 67-95 | 87% |
| Zhukovsky ekuqaleni | 100-120 | 92-96% |
| Umfula | 100-180 | 94% |
Izici zokukhula
Agrotechnics yalezi ezihlukahlukene akuyona into ekhethekile. Njengezinye izinhlobo zokuqala, amazambane asePulazini angatshalaliswa yinzalo. Zifakwe emotweni wokukhula, zisuke ziyeke, bese zitshalwe ezigulini noma ngqo emhlabathini. Ukuhluka okutshalwe yi-seedling kuyakukhetha; kuyanciphisa isikhathi sokukhula. Ngonyaka wokuqala, isivuno sizoba mncane, kepha le ndlela yokulima izohlinzeka ithuba lokuqoqa impahla yokutshala okulandelayo.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zingatshalwa lapho inhlabathi iqhuma amazinga angu-10. Umhlabathi ugcwele umxube we-peat ne-humus, kungenzeka ukufaka umlotha wokhuni. Izihlahla zihlwanyelwe ebangeni elingama-20-25 cm, nge-cm cm engama-60. Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze uqinisekise umswakama omkhulu womhlabathi, ungafaka isimiso sokunisela.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, izikhathi ezingu-1-2 zidla umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ngokusekelwe ku-potassium noma i-magnesium. Ukugqoka okuphezulu nokuwusizo, isibonelo, ukuphalaza isixazululo esinamandla se-superphosphate. Labo abakhetha i-organic, ungasebenzisa i-mullein ehlanjululwe noma ye-bird droppings. Mayelana nendlela nokuthi ungakanani okumele usebenzise umanyolo ufunde lapha.
Funda futhi ngezinye izindlela zamazambane okhulayo: sikulungiselele ulwazi oluningi oluthakazelisayo mayelana nobuchwepheshe beDutch, mayelana nokukhula emasakeni nasemiphongolweni.
Ukuvame ukuqhuma ngokweqile nokwakhiwa kwamagquma aphakeme kanye nokubhujiswa kokhula kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuziqeda kuzosiza futhi kufinyelele emhlabathini ngotshani noma utshani.
Ukunambitheka kubeka imibhede yemifino, kithi - amazambane, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto eziphathekayo, ezifana ne-hay.Sinikeza indaba ewusizo ekutshalweni kwe-mulch of utamatisi ebusweni bokushisa nokuthi ngabe le nqubo iyasiza yini ekulawuleni ukhula.
Naphezu kokuvuthwa kokuqala, ibanga lihlukile esimweni esihle sokugcina (ngaphezulu kuka 90%). Amazambane angagcinwa izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi yezohwebo. Kubalulekile ukuhambisana nezimo ezilungile, ukugcina izinga lokushisa cishe ngama-2 degrees. Ukukhulisa kuholela ekuhlungeni, izimfanelo zokunambitheka kwezitshalo ezimpande ziwohloka. Isakhiwo sokugcina amazambane kufanele sinikezwe njalo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi nendawo yokugcina amazambane emaqenjini ahlukene esayithi lethu.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo eziyinhloko ze-Solanaceae: umdlavuza wamazambane, i-cyst nematode yegolide, kanye nama-virus ahlukahlukene. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kusindisa izihlahla nezilimo eziyizigaxa kusukela ekulimazeni.
Uma uthola izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-phytophthora, kunconywa ukumba amazambane. Ukuvimbela izifo kudinga ukutshala ngaphambi kokutshala kwenhlabathi ngamafungicides, ukugqoka i-tuber, kanye nokushintshanisa kwezitshalo ezifanele.
Njalo eminyakeni 2-3 amazambane atshalwe endaweni entsha.. Izindawo ezithandwayo lapho kudla khona utshani, iklabishi, i-legumes.
Ezindaweni eziseningizimu zamazambane zihlushwa ama-Colorado beetle, ama-aphid, ama-cicadas. Bakhangwa yiziqongqo eziluhlaza, ukuvuselela okuhlala njalo. Ukuhlwanyela nokutshala kuzosizwa ngokusilalisa nokupuniza ngezinambuzane.
Funda futhi ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nezifo ezifana nama-mbatata, i-Fusarium, i-Verticillis, i-Alternaria.
Isithombe
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olubonakalayo namazambane "Umlimi", ngencazelo kanye nezici zezinhlobonhlobo ozifundile ngenhla, sikunikeza ukukhethwa kwezithombe:
"Umlimi" - ibanga lokuqala eliphumelelayo elifanelekile kunoma yiziphi izifunda. Umkhiqizo uhloniphekile, amazambane amancane, anambitheka kakhulu, emuhle. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zingatshalwa, kodwa kaningi zihlwanyelwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu.
Siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayele ngezinhlobo zamazambane ezinemigomo ehlukile yokuvuthwa:
| Ukuphumula okuphakathi | Ngaphambi kokuqala | Phakathi nonyaka |
| Vector | I-Gingerbread Man | I-giant |
| I-Mozart | Ithebula | I-Tuscany |
| Sifra | Ilinsky | Yanka |
| I-Dolphin | Lugovskoy | Ubunkungu bukaLilac |
| I-Crane | Santa | I-Openwork |
| Rogneda | Ivan da Shura | Desiree |
| Lasock | Colombo | Santana | I-Aurora | Bonisa | Isivunguvungu | I-Skarb | Innovator | Alvar | Umlutha | I-Krone | I-Breeze |
