Umonakalo wokugqwala kwe-fungal ujwayelene nabo bonke abalimi abanamapulazi abo abathandekayo babo. Lesi sifo asithathi nje kuphela ukubonakala kwesihlahla, kodwa futhi silimaza isitshalo. Namuhla sizoxoxa ngendlela yokuhlukanisa ukugqwala kwesola kwezinye izifo, ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani nokuthi uyayiphatha kanjani.
Ukugqwala
Kumelwe kuthiwa ngokushesha ukuthi umjunipha uyisitshalo esithi "umama" lapho amafungus akha khona futhi akhiqiza izinhlamvu. Ama-spores asakazwa kude kakhulu, aphelisa amapheya (isitshalo esiphakathi). Umthengisi we-Juniper angakhula ku-40-50 km kusuka engadini yakho, futhi izingxabano zizoqhubeka ziphezu.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphezu kokuqina, amahlumela nezithelo angathinteka yizigqila, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho kwenzeka isifo sofuba.Manje ngenxa yesifo ngokwayo. Amaqabunga omuthi othintekile ahlanganiswa izindawo ezibomvu nge-rim yellow. Kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuqhakaza, ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabala e-orange emaqabunga epeyari aqala ukuvuvukala nokuguquka, aphenduke uhlobo lokukhula noma ukuvuvukala. Emva kwalokho, amapuleti ethintekile awela.
Kuyini isifo esiyingozi
Izifo ezehlukene ze-pear, ngenye indlela, zithinta isivuno nokuzivikela emthini, kepha amabala a-orange "angenabungozi" akwazi ukuphuma kuphela emthini ngaphandle kwamaqabunga ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amaqabunga, kodwa futhi kuholela ekufeni.
Kulezi zifo eziyingozi ze-pear, ukushisa amabhaktheriya kubuye kwaqaphela, kwezinambuzane, i-gall mite.
Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi ingxenye eluhlaza yesitshalo ibophezela i-photosynthesis, ngokulandelana, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga umuthi awukwazi ukuthola amandla okukhanya nokuguqula amandla ezimakethe zamakhemikhali. Mane nje, lesi sihlahla ngeke sikwazi ukuguqula izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithathwe enhlabathini zibe yizo ezizofakwa.
Ngakho-ke, inani lezinqolobane ngaphambi kobusika liyancishiswa kakhulu, okuthinta kokubili hardiness yobusika kanye nokuvunwa kwesikhathi esizayo.
Kodwa-ke, umphumela onjalo awukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi kubi kakhulu, ngoba esimweni sokunqotshwa okuphelele kwendawo yonke engaphansi kwe-fungus, umuthi uzofa, ngokungabi nesikhathi sokuphila nesithathu.
Kubalulekile! Amahlumela abathintekayo ahlambulukile, aqiniswe futhi afe. Amagxolo emagatsheni angaphazamiseka nge-lesion ebuthakathaka.Ngakho-ke, uma amabala aphuzi avela emaqabunga omakhelwane omakhelwane wakho, kusho ukuthi kufanele uqale ngokushesha ukwelashwa noma ukuvimbela lesi sifo.
Indlela yokubhekana nokushisa kwamapare
Uma uthola ukugqwala emaqabunga ephakathi kwe-pear, futhi ungazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze kulokhu, sizoxoxa ngezinketho zokwelapha nokuvimbela isifo esingenangqondo se-fungal.
Impi yokulwa
Ukutshala iziqabunga nezihlumela ezithintekile kudingekile kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwefungus, ngoba noma yikuphi ukutheleleka kuyoba umthombo wokuphikisana okusha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uyazi? Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fungus kwenzeka endaweni yokushisa ebanzi kusuka ku-3 ukuya kuma-30 ° C kanye nomswakama onobuhlobo ka-85%.
Ukuhlolwa nokusika izihlahla kuqala ukuqala ngaphambi kokukhula kwezinso. Ungagcini ekususweni kwamashiya aphansi, njengoba i-fungus isakazeka ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, amagatsha omzimba wegazi abuye ahlotshwe izihlahla. Kubalulekile ukususa 7-12 cm ngaphansi kwezinkuni ezithintekayo ukuze uvikele izicubu ezinempilo.
Ungakhohlwa ukucubungula nge-pitch engadini, ubumba, i-copper sulphate noma i-heteroauxin.
Kubalulekile! Zonke izingxenye ezinqunywe zishiswa ngaphandle kwesayithi, futhi inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla igoba amafosholo ku-bayonet.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Ukugqwala kwamapare kufanele kuphathwe ngamakhemikhali, ngaphandle kwalokho angeke kwenzeke ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele le fungus.
Ukuphalaza kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. fungicides esekelwe ezethusi. I-Bordeaux liquid 1% iyindlela ethandwayo, kodwa ungasebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa ezifanayo (Kuproksat, Kuproksil, Champion).
Enye indlela i-colloidal sulphur 77% noma i-analogues ("Kumulus DF", "Tiovit Jet"). I-fungicides evamile, efana ne-Fundazol, i-Bayleton ne-Topsin, nayo iyafaneleka.
Funda futhi mayelana nezifo ze-apula, i-peach, i-apricot, iplamu, amagilebhisi, ama-cherry, ama-cherries, ama-raspberries, i-gooseberries, ama-currants.
Ukufafaza kokuqala kunqunywe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuwuthwala ukuvuvukala kwezinso. Okulandelayo, yibamba okwesibili - ngaphambi kokubhakaza. Ukwelashwa okwesithathu kwenziwa ngemva kwamasonto amahlanu emva kwesibili. Ukufafaza kokugcina kwenziwa ngesikhathi lapho izithelo ezincane ziqala ukwakha. Kumele kuthiwa noma yisiphi isidakamizwa kumele sisetshenziswe okungenani izikhathi ezine ukuze kutholakale ukungabikho okuphelele kwefungus esihlahleni.
Amakhambi omphakathi
Amakhambi omphakathi ungenzi kahle lesi sifoNokho, zingasetshenziswa ngokunqotshwa kwamahlathi noma ngokuhlukunyezwa kwamahlumela. Esimweni lapho i-fungus igxeka kakhulu emthini, ukusebenzisa amakhambi omuntu ongenakwenzeka.
Uyazi? Kunezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya ezingamelana nokugqwala: "Ushukela", "Gulabi", "Sailo", "uNanaziri". Kukhona nezinhlobo ezivame ukuthinteka ukugqwala: "Dikanka ebusika", "Kure", "Intandokazi kaKlapp", "i-Bere Ardanpon".
Ukumnika okwenziwe ngamapulangwe ash. Ngama-10 l amanzi sithatha u-0.5 kg lomlotha bese sifaka amahora angu-48. Emva kwalokhu, siqhuba ukuchelela okusemthethweni kwepeyari. Sichitha ama-10 amalitha ezihlahla ezivuthiwe, hhayi okungaphezulu kuka-6 kwabasha.
Ukuphalaza ngesisombululo se-urea. Ngama-10 amalitha amanzi, sithatha u-0.7 amalitha we-urea, hlanganisa kahle bese uphefa lonke ingxenye engenhla. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ekwindla, ngemuva kokuthi amahlamvu ehlelwe ngokuphelele. Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi uma kungenakwenzeka ukucubungula wonke umuthi, ukucubungula okuyingxenye ngeke kuveze umphumela.
Futhi kusetshenziselwa ukuxhaphazwa kwamagundane kanye ne-horsetail, okufakwe izingxenye ezingenhla.
Kubalulekile! I-pear ephethwe yi-fungus ayikwazi ukudla ne-nitrogen fertilizer.Kuleli qophelo siphelela ukwelashwa kwepeyari ekugqibeni. Ngemva kokubalula zonke izindlela zokulwa ne-fungus, kuyaqhubeka kuqaphele ukuthi okukhethwa kukho okuchazwe kungahlanganiswa ukuze kufezeke ukusebenza kahle kakhulu. Unganaki lesi sifo, ngoba singasakazeka esihlahleni se-apula noma i-quince, ngemva kwalokho uzolahlekelwa izihlahla eziningi.
