Ukukhwabanisa kubhekwa njengendlela enkulu kakhulu, ephumelelayo, ekhiqizayo, efinyeleleka yonke indawo futhi ebiza imali yokutshala izitshalo. Ukuze uhlele umhlaba wakho ngokucophelela nangendlela efanele, zijwayele ukuzitholela ngama-nuances wenqubo.
Kuyini?
Ukuphanga - lokhu kuyinkinga ye-agrotechnical yokukhulula ubuso bomhlabathi ngama-harrow noma ama-rotary hoes. Ubuchwepheshe buvikela umhlabathi ekumeni, ukuxuba okukhethiwe kanye namazinga ungqimba wangaphandle kwenhlabathi, kubhubhisa umhlabathi wehlabathi, ubhubhisa ukhula kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane ezihluthulelwe zezitshalo.
Ukuxhashazwa kusetshenziswa ohlelweni lokutshala ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela inhlabathi, ekunakekeleni amadlelo nezitshalo zomhlaba wezolimo. Lokhu kusebenza kwenziwa ngokuhlukana noma ngokuhambisana nokulima nokugubha. 
Ukujula kokutshala kwenhlabathi kuxhomeke ekutheni amandla amazinyo abuhlungu, isisindo saso nesivinini. Izinsimbi ezinamafutha amakhulu zihlakulela inhlabathi ngokujula kwe-6-10 cm, eziphakathi phakathi kokujula kwe-4-5 cm, futhi zilula kakhulu - 2-3 cm. Ngenxa yokukhulula, uhlelo lokuhlangana kwamapillazi luya phansi futhi kuhlanganiswe umhlabathi ongenalutho ongashiyi. Ukuphakama kwenhlabathi kusiza inqubo yokufaka imbewu, ukuyenza ibe yifomu.
Uyazi? I-loam ibhekwa njengento elula ukucubungula nenhlabathi evundile. I-loam ihlanganisa zonke izinzuzo zenye inhlabathi, phakathi kwayo yi-porosity, ukukhanya nokukwazi ukugcina umswakama ophezulu.
Isikhathi sokulimaza siyahlukaniswa:
- Izinyathelo ze-Agrotechnical ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sehlobo. Ukwehla okusabalalisa kwenziwa ukuze uvimbele umswakama (zyabi kanye nomoya omnyama). Imisebenzi iqala ngokuqala kokuvuthwa komzimba ngokomzimba. Ezifundeni ezinezinga elanele lokufudumala, umkhuhlane kanye namaphule ziphathwa ngezintambo ezinamahlumela, ezindaweni ezingenayo i-anhydrous - nezinaliti ezinjengezinaliti.
- Ukucubungula kwezitshalo zasebusika kanye nezinsuku zokuphela. Ukudlwengula kulokhu kuvuselela izinqubo ze-microbiological. Kusetshenziselwa ama-harrow alula noma aphakathi noma ama-rotary hoes.
- Ukukhiqiza ukulima. Ukwehlisela ukulimaza kwenziwa ngezinyosi zamazinyo futhi kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokulima. Emazweni aseNingizimu ase-Steppe, ukwelashwa kwendawo yomhlabathi wokuhlwanyela izitshalo zasebusika ngamathuluzi esindayo wedisk isetshenziswa kabanzi. Ukukhwabanisa nakho kwenziwa emazweni ahlonyelwe kahle. Lapho uhlwanyela izitshalo zasebusika izibazi zixhunywe ne-seeder.
- Ukuthumba ukuhlwanyela okulimazayo. Ukucubungula ukuthunyelwa kwemifino kuhlukaniswe kuqala ngaphambi kokuvela futhi ngemuva kokuvela. Ngaphambi kokukhukhuma kokuqala, ama-80-90% wezithombo nezithombo zibhujiswa ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga wangempela. Ngemva kokuvela kwezithombo, okusanhlamvu kusetshenzwa ngesikhathi sokuqothula. Izindwangu zokungqubuzana, izinyo ezikhanyayo, izigqoko nezintambo eziqhakazile zisetshenziswa.
- Ukucubungulwa kwehlobo kwezimvula ezihlanzekile nezama-rocker. Lokhu kukhwabanisa kwamapuphu ahlanzekile newasebumbeni kwenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa komhlaba noma ukuvela kokhula. Ukulimaza okwedlulele kuhlangene nokulima, ukulima noma ukugoba. Ukuze kusetshenziswe kangcono futhi kuhanjiswe inhlabathi, ukukhululeka kwenziwa ngaphesheya kokuqondisa kokulima, ukuhlwanyela imigqa noma eceleni komkhakha wensimu, usebenzisa ithoni noma izindlela ezihambisanayo zokuhamba. Izindawo ezincane zezakhiwo ezingavamile zihlonywa ngezigaba eziyindilinga emkhakheni wensimu.
Kubalulekile! Ngendlela ekhwehlelayo, isikhathi sibalulekile. Ukuphulwa kwemigomo yomsebenzi okuholela ekubambeni okukhulu kwemifino yokukhiqiza. Ngokusho kwe-Institute of Agriculture UAAS ukulima ukulimala okulimazayo kuhlolwe kahle kuphela uma kwenziwa ngesikhathi esihle.
Ngokuvamile, amasimu aphikisiwe ngokufaka ukufaka ububanzi obuningi be-grab, besebenzisa i-hitch ekhwabanisa iSG-21 (ukubamba ububanzi-21 m) noma ukuhlanganisa ama-aggregates ezixhumaniswaneni ezikhona epulazini. Into esemqoka kulolu cala - ukuthatha izibhamu ngokuhambisana nohlobo nobuningi bomhlabathi. Okuphumelela kunazo zonke izintambo ezinembile. Indlela ngayinye yokusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe ihamba ngokuzimela kwezinye izinhlelo. I-harrow enjalo ingakhokhisa kangcono indawo yasensimini kanye nezitshalo ezilimale kancane ezalimala.
Umgogodla we-multifunctional and compact mini ungumsizi omkhulu emsebenzini wezolimo kubalimi abaningi kanye nabahlali behlobo.
Izindlela ezihlukumezayo
Kukhona izindlela ezintathu zenhlabathi ezilimazayo: iqhutshwa, ifakwe futhi iguquguquke-idiagonal.
Shayela
Ngokutshalwa okuqhutshwayo, ama-aggregates njalo aya umkhawulo wenkambu. Uma kusetshenzwa emathrekhi amabili, okokuqala kudingekile ukufakaza indawo, futhi kwesibili - ngaphesheya kwezwe elihle. Ukufakela ngale ndlela yokulima kufanele kube ngesimo segceke elibekwe.
Kubonakala
Ekuhlaleni okucatshangwayo kwepeni ngesimo esifana nalokhu isikwele. Indawo idabukile embuthanweni, igweme ukudlula okungenalutho. Uma kusetshenzwa ngamathrekhi amabili, ukukhishwa kwesibili kwenziwa ngokulandelana kuya kokwelashwa kokuqala. Indlela ehlosiwe isetshenziselwa emasimini akhululekile ukhula.
Ukulimala okuphawulekayo kwezindlela ezithuthukisiwe nezinyathelo ezikhungathekisayo yiqiniso lokuthi lapho ukhululeka ngamathrekhi amabili, indlela eyodwa iguqulela ngokuqondisa kokulima. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlabathi ingacubungulwa ngendlela engalingani futhi yenziwe imbi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kususwe ukukhululeka kugcine ukuphawula okungahambi kahle. 
I-cross-diagonal
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugubha ihamba ngokungafaniyo kwenhlabathi. Ngale ndlela, ukuqondisa ukuhamba kwamazinyo eyunithi akuhambisani nesiqondiso sokulima, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokwelashwa kwenhlabathi futhi inikeza indawo engcono yokulinganisela.
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayele ngezici zenye inqubo ebalulekile ye-agrotechnical - i-mulching.
Indlela inhlabathi eboshiwe ngayo, yini eyenza ikhwalithi yokucubungula
Izintambo ezikhethiwe zihlala endaweni ephansi, zihlola isikhundla, ubude nokunamathiselwe kwamazinyo. Insimu isusiwe izinto zangaphandle futhi imaka izithiyo ezinkulu. Kubuye kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukufinyeleleka nokuhamba endaweni etshalwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngokuthi inani lezimoto, insimu ihlukaniswe izigaba.
Imishini ifakwe ohlwini. ukudlula kokuqala. Ukuze ungaphuthelwa isikhathi esinqunyiwe, ama-harrow asethwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngesikhathi sokudlula kokuqala, emva kuka-30-50 m, bayeka imishini futhi bahlole ukufana kwenkambo emhlabathini, kanye nokutholakala kwezinkinga phakathi kwama-harrow kanye nezixhumanisi.
Ukulima kwenhlabathi kufanele kwenzeke ngemodi esheshayo. Isivinini esiphezulu singu-9-11 km / h. Ukuvinjelwa kwamavesi aseduze akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-15 cm. Ukungaphumeleli kanye nezembozo akumukeleki. Ngamahlumela amancane okugqoka amahlumela kudingeka ahlanzwe. 
Ikhwalithi yokukhathaza ixhomeke esisindo sezinsalela, ukuma kwamazinyo, i-angle yokuthuthukiswa kwawo komhlaba, umswakama womhlaba, ubukhulu bezintambo kanye nesivinini se-harrow. Kodwa-ke, ikakhulukazi, izinga lokulima lixhomeke esikhathini sokusetshenziswa kwalo. Ukwehlisa isikhathi kuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu komswakama, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kanye nokukhanya komhlabathi. Uma kwenzeka ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (uma inhlabathi isalokhu imanzi), kunokuba ukhululeke, kuhlanganiswe.
Ikhwalithi ephezulu yomsebenzi eyenziwa ihlolwe yizinkomba ezilandelayo:
- ukuthi uhlaka lwesimo somhlabathi lukhululiwe kangakanani;
- kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umhlaba ohlaziyekile ubhekene nendawo;
- Iyini ukuhlakazeka kwensimu;
- izinga lokulawula ukhula;
- umonakalo ophansi ezitshalweni ezitshalwe kanye nokungabi khona kweziphambeko.
I-Motoblock - umsizi ongcono kunabalimi abaningi. Abanye abadwebi bazakhela imishini ngokwayo. Ekhaya, ukhethe ngempela umfutho wamanzi kanye namazambane.
Izici zokukhishwa kwenhlabathi yi-motor-block
Namuhla, abalimi abaningi epulazini banezinyawo zabo-ngemuva kwetractor. Kwabaqalayo ngesikhathi umsebenzi nge-motor-block ngokuvamile kunezinkinga ezithile. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi, kubalulekile ukuthi usebenzise ukulawula ukulima futhi uhlole ukulungiswa komlimi-umlimi.
Kubalulekile! Uma usebenza nama-tillers eshisayo, hlala kancane. Ngakho-ke, uzovumela injini ukuba ingadluli.
Ukukhwabanisa ukulimala kwenza okulandelayo:
- Le nqubo efakwe emaphethelweni ensimu.
- Faka igesi lokuqala, ucindezela ngobumnene i-lever ye-clutch. Isondo lokushayela le-motoblock kufanele lithathwe ngokuhambisana nomnyango wendawo. Ngakho-ke lapho ukulima imishini engenziki emhlabathini, akufanele uqhube isondo noma uqhube imishini phambili.
- Njengoba unqobe umsele wokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukujula kokulima. Ukulinganisa ukusuka phansi komfula ukuya emgwaqeni. Uma ukujula kwenhlabathi ephikisanayo kufana nemigomo esungulwe lapho kulungiswa i-tiller (15-18 cm), ungalima insimu.
Uyazi? Idizayini ye-tiller iseduze nezici ze-trekta. Kunamamodeli angaphezu kuka-600 ahamba ngezinyawo. Ukudalwa kwabalimi abaningi kangaka ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe nezokuhweba. Umkhiqizi ngamunye ufuna ukuzibonakalisa ngendlela engcono kakhulu, ukukhulula i-motoblock yedivayisi engavamile.
Njengoba ubona, ukulimaza kungenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu esakhiweni sezwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngaphandle kokulima, amasu yanamuhla ngeke agcwaliswe futhi angeke asebenze ngokukhethekile.
