UFloreina waseFrance - ibanga elihle kakhulu lasebusika lezihlahla zeapula

IFlorina yisihlahla sama-apula sasebusika esihlukahlukene saseFrance esithole ukusatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia, lapho isetshenziselwa ukutshala izimboni. Abalimi bayoba nentshisekelo yokwazi izici zayo, ikakhulukazi zokutshala nokukhula.

Incazelo yebanga

Ibanga lokudla lasebusika laseFrance. Kutholwe iziphambano eziningi ezanelisayo zama-apula ezinhlobonhlobo uJonathan, iRum Beauty, iGolide Delives, iStarking on the seedling Malus floribunda 821.

Ukuzalanisa okwenziwa ngoMgqibelo - Ukuhlukaniswa okuningi kwama-nzalo noma amafomu ngenye yezindlela zabazali bokuqala.

I-Wikipedia

//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism

Zikhulisa iFlorina ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesipholile, zisatshalaliswa kabanzi kulo lonke elase-Ukraine, lapho kusukela maphakathi nawo-1970s kwakusezivivinyweni zokukhiqiza futhi ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980 kwaqala ukulinyelwa ezingadini zezimboni zezindawo ezise-steppe nasezindaweni zamahlathi. Ekupheleni konyaka we-1989, kwafakwa isicelo sokwamukelwa kwathi ngo-2000 inhlobonhlobo yafakwa kwiRegate YaseRussia Yesifunda saseNyakatho Caucasus.

Umuthi uphakathi nendawo, kufinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama, nasezimpandeni ezimfushane nasemhlabathini ompofu - amamitha ayi-1,8. ICrohn iyindilinga kabanzi, iphakathi nendawo. Amagatsha anamandla wamathambo aqala ukusuka esiqwini nge-angle engu-45-80 °. Izihlahla ezincane ze-apula zinekhono eliphezulu lokwakha ihlumela. Ukuthatha izithelo - ku-gloves kanye nemikhawulo yamahlumela waminyaka yonke. Izimbali ezinde zenzeka maphakathi. Ukuzala kuyisilinganiso. Njengabavoti, izinhlobo ze-apula ezaziwa ukuthi, iGloucester, iGolden Delives, Liberty, Merlouz, Granny Smith, Red, Ruby Dukes zifaneleka kakhulu.

Ukuqhakaza okude kwesihlahla somuthi weFlorin kwenzeka maphakathi

Ukungalingani kuzimpande zezimila ezincane - iminyaka emi-2, kumasheya aphakathi nendawo - iminyaka emi-4-5. Eminyakeni yokuqala, kungenzeka ukuqoqa amakhilogremu angama-5- 10 wezithelo esihlahleni sama-apula, futhi ngeminyaka eyishumi, isivuno sifinyelela amakhilogremu angama-60-70. Isivuno esijwayelekile kulinywayo yezimboni ngu-115 kg / ha. UFlorena ujwayele ukulayisha ngokweqile izilimo eminyakeni ethile, kuthi ngemuva kwalokho aphumule ngesizini ezayo.

I-hardness yasebusika yezinhlobonhlobo ezifundeni zayo iyisilinganiso. Ukubekezelela isomiso nakho kusezingeni eliphakathi. UFlorina unomzimba ongazinzile wokugobeka, i-moniliosis, i-powdery hlobo kanye nokushiswa kwamagciwane. Cishe ayithintwa yi-aphid, kepha ihlaselwa umdlavuza waseYurophu.

Izithelo zilingana-munye, zinesisindo esilingana namagremu ayi-140-160. Ijamo liyindilinga noma liyindilinga eliyindilinga ngemiphetho ebushelelezi ebanzi. Ingaphezulu le-apula liphuzi ngokuhlaza okotshani ngombala obalulekile ngaphezulu kobuso bonke bomhlaba ngesikhumba esimnyama obomvana. Iyaqhubeka, futhi inemibala emifushane. Ingaphezulu limbozwe ngentambo ephakathi ye-wax. Inyama iluhlaza okotshani obomvana noma okhanyayo okhanyayo, omuncu, othambile, okhakhayini, omaphakathi nobukhulu. Ukunambitheka kunambitheka futhi kumuncu kancane. Ekupheleni kwempilo eshalofini, ama-apula athola ukunambitheka nephunga le-ikhabe. Amaphuzu wokunambitha ngamaphuzu angama-4.8, yize abanye bebheka ukuthi lesi silinganiso sinqunyelwe.

Izithelo zesihlahla sama-apula seFlorin zinombala owodwa onesisindo esilinganayo sama-gramu angu-140-160

Ukuvunwa kuvame ukuqalwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Impilo yeshelfulo lama-apula yizinsuku ezingama-200 egumbini elipholile (kuze kube nguMeyi), futhi esiqandisini - kuze kube nguJulayi. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kunguJanuwari. Izithelo zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okusha, kube nokuthwala okuphezulu.

Ukufingqa, sigcizelela izinzuzo eziphambili nokubi kwesihlahla se-apula seFlorin. Izinzuzo, Yebo, zingaphezulu:

• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
• Ukunambitheka okuhle kwama-apula.
• Isethulo esihle kakhulu nokuhambisa.
• Ukuvuthwa kokuqala.
• Ubungako besihlahla esinamakhompiyutha ukunakekelwa okulula nokuvunwa.
• Ukugonyelwa okuphezulu kwezifo eziningi zokukhunta.

Uhlu lokungathandeki lubukeka lungejwayelekile kakhulu:

• Indawo ekhulisiwe yomkhawulo ngenxa yokungwaneleki kobusika obanele.
• Ukuthambekela kwezifo zomdlavuza ojwayelekile (waseYurophu).
• Ukungakwanisi ukuzala
• Ukuthambekela kokulayisha ngokweqile isivuno kanye nemvamisa yokwenza izithelo.

Ividiyo: ukubuyekeza kwesihlahla sama-apula uFlorin

Ukutshala izihlahla zeapula zeFlorin

Ngokutshala nokutshala izihlahla zama-apula ezinhlobonhlobo zeFlorin, njengakwabanye abaningi, izivalo ezivulekile, izivalo zesihlabathi, ama-chernozems asabela kokungathathi hlangothi noma okune-acid (pH 6.0-6.5) afaneleka kakhulu. Ukusondela kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba kanye nokubekwa phansi komhlaba kwenhlabathi akuvunyelwe. Kungcono ukubeka umuthi wama-apula ethafeni elincanyana eliseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga, lapho kuncibilika khona namanzi emvula engezukuqongelela futhi inhlabathi ingemukelwa ngamanzi. Indawo kufanele ibe elangeni, enomoya omnandi, kepha ngaphandle kokusalungiswa nomoya obandayo osenyakatho. Kungcono uma kuvikelwe enyakatho noma enyakatho-mpumalanga ngezihlahla ezinde eziqinile, izindonga zokwakha, uthango, njll. n.

Ibanga lokuya ezihlahleni ezingomakhelwane noma ezakhiweni akufanele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha amathathu. Lapho ukutshala kwamaqembu, izihlahla zama-apula ngokulandelana zitholakala ebangeni lamamitha amathathu, naphakathi kwemigqa yamamitha ayi-3.5-4, ngokuya ngobukhulu bemishini yezolimo esetshenzisiwe.

Isikhathi sokutshala sikhethwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza (lapho ama-buds engakavuvukali futhi inhlabathi isivele ifudumele ifinyelela ku + 5-10 ° C). Engxenyeni eseningizimu yezifunda ezikhulayo, ukutshala kwesihlahla sasekwindla nakho kuvunyelwe. Kulokhu, kuqalwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kokugeleza kwe-sap ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.

Izithombo kufanele zithengwe ekwindla futhi esimweni sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, zigcinwa emiphongolweni ngamazinga okushisa angama-0- + 5 ° C noma imbiwe emhlabathini engadini. Ngaphambi kokulondolozwa, izimpande zifakwa kucezu lwe-mullein nobumba, oluzozivikela ekushayeni ngaphandle. Iminyaka engcono kakhulu yezithombo yiminyaka engu-1-2.

Uma izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande ezivaliwe zithengiwe, khona-ke iminyaka yazo ingaba nkulu - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-4-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ezinjalo zingatshalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngenkathi yokukhula - kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba.

Izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe zingatshalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngenkathi yokukhula

Isinyathelo-by-sinyathelo sokufika

Ukuze ungabi nezinkinga ekutshaleni izihlahla ze-apula ngokuzayo, amaphutha okungenzeka ekutshalelweni kufanele avikeleke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza izinyathelo ezilandelayo ngezigaba:

1. Lungiselela umgodi wokufika ngaphambi kwesikhathi, hhayi ngaphambi kwamaviki ayi-2-3 ngokuzayo. Endabeni yokutshala kwentwasahlobo, kulungiswa umgodi ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu:
   1. Kuyadingeka ukumba umgodi obukhulu obungamamitha ayi-0.8-1.0 nokujula kwamamitha ayi-0.6-0.8. Ukubusa: ompofu kakhulu umhlabathi, likhulu ivolumu lomgodi. Ingqimba ephezulu evundile (uma ikhona) igoqwa ngokuhlukile futhi isetshenziswe kamuva ekutshaleni.
   2. Uma inhlabathi isindayo, kunzima ukwanda, ungqimba lodoti (ubumba olwandisiwe, amatshe amatshe, izitini ezaphukile, njll.) Onobukhulu bamasentimitha ayi-1010 abekwe phansi komgodi ukudala ukudonsa.
      

      Uma inhlabathi isindayo, kunzima ukungena kuyo, ungqimba lodoti (ubumba olwandisiwe, ubumba, isitini esaphukile, njll.) Onobukhulu bamasentimitha ayi-10 abekwe phansi komgodi ukudala ukudonsa

   3. Gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlanganisela ye-chernozem (ungathatha inhlabathi ebekwe eceleni lapho ugaya umgodi), peat engezansi, humus, isihlabathi somfula esimanzi, sithathwe ngokulingana. Futhi engeza kule ngxube ngebhakede ngalinye lamagremu ama-30- 40 we-superphosphate nama-300-500 amagremu womlotha wezinkuni.
      

      I-Superphosphate ihlala yengezwa emgodini wokufika.

2. Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, emahoreni angama-3-4, izimpande zesithombo zifakwe emanzini.
3. Ukusuka emgodini wokufika, udinga ukukhipha enye inhlabathi ukuze izimpande zesithombo zikwazi ukungena ngokukhululekile emgodini owakhiwe.
4. Kuthululelwa indunduma encane enkabeni yomgodi.
5. Ebangeni elingamasentimitha ayi-10-15 ukusuka enkabeni, isikhonkwane esingu-0.8-1.2 amamitha aphezulu ngaphezu komhlaba siqhutshwa.
6. Isithombo sithathwa emanzini nezimpande zaso zifakwe kahle kufakwe impuphu yokukhuthaza ukukhula nokwakheka kwezimpande (Heteroauxin, Kornevin).
7. Yehlisa isithombo emgodini, ubeke intambo yezimpande ngaphezulu kwesixhaxha, futhi izimpande zisakazeka ngokulinganayo emthambekeni. Kulesi sigaba, udinga umsizi.
8. Ngenkathi umuntu oyedwa ephethe lesi simila esimweni asifunayo, owesibili ulala emgodini, ahlanganise umhlabathi ngokucophelela. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa indawo yentamo yezimpande ezingeni lomhlabathi.
9. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lomsiki wendiza noma umgawuli, umbuthano oseduze womgodi wenziwa ngesimo se-roller yobumba etholakala kanye nobubanzi bomgodi wokufika.
10. Iniselwa kakhulu ngokulinganisa kahle izimpande ezungeze inhlabathi futhi isuse umoya ongamabomu owakheka ngokungenakuphela lapho usugcwaliswa kabusha.
    

    Nisela i-sapling ngamanzi amaningi ukuze kube nokuqina okuzungeze izimpande zenhlabathi bese ususa ama-sinuses
11. Ngemuva kokuthi amanzi amunwe, lesi sitshalo siniselwa ngamanzi nge-0,1% Kornevin solution ukuze kube nezimpande ezingcono. Lokhu kusebenza kufanele kuphindwe ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15-20.
12. Umuthi uboshwe ngesikhonkwane usebenzisa uthayela wendwangu.
13. Umqhubi osenkabeni yesithombo unqunywa waba ngu-0,8-1.1 m, kanti amahlumela aseceleni afinyezwa ngama-30- 40%.
14. Ngemuva kwalokhu, umbuthano wesiqu kufanele ufakwe ndawonye ngezinto ezifanele (usiki olusikiwe olusanda kususwa, sawdust ebunjiwe, umquba, njll.). Ubukhulu bengqimba - amasentimitha ayi-10-15.

Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa

I-Apple-umuthi uFlorina uthande ukuzithoba ekuhambeni. Njengabanye, idinga ukuchelela njalo, ikakhulukazi esemncane (kuze kube iminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu). Ngokukhula kohlelo lwempande, inani lokunisela liyancipha libe yi-3-5 ngesizini, kuye ngezimo zezulu. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lesi sitshalo sidinga umswakama engxenyeni yokuqala yesikhathi sokukhula:

1. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
2. Ngemuva kwezimbali.
3. Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwama-ovari nokukhula kwezithelo.
4. Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuya ebusika (ukulayisha ngenkasa-amanzi).

Akunakwenzeka ukuvimba ukwakheka kokuqhekeka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, ngoba kuvimbela ukuhamba kwe-oksijini endaweni yezimpande. Baqeda ukuqothula ngokuvula kancane (ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokunisela kanye nemvula), kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa i-mulching. UFlorina akakuthandi ukungagxili kwamanzi endaweni eyisisekelo - kulokhu izimpande zakhe zinganyamalala. Inkinga enjalo ingenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngesikhathi seqhwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, iqhwa kufanele lisuswe esiqwini ngendlela efanele futhi kufanele kwenziwe amanzi okukhambisa.

Akunakwenzeka ukuvimba ukwakheka kokuqhekeka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, ngoba kuvimbela ukuhamba kwe-oksijini endaweni yezimpande

Umuthi weapula weFlorin ukondliwa kusuka onyakeni wesine kuya kwesihlanu ngemuva kokutshala. Imvamisa lokhu kungenxa yokuqala kokuqhakaza izithelo, lapho ukudla okuvela emgodini kokwetha sekuvele sekutholakele kakhulu. Kungcono ukwengeza ama-humus noma umquba ngenani lama-5-10 kg / m okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-3-4². Uma lokhu kungenzeka, khona-ke lokhu kungenziwa kaningi, ngenkathi kunciphisa umthamo wamanyolo we nitrogen. I-Urea, i-ammonium nitrate noma i-nitroammophoska yethulwa minyaka yonke entwasahlobo ngesilinganiso sama-30- 40 g / m². Umanyolo wePotash usetshenziswa kangcono ngendlela yewuketshezi, ukuncibilikisa i-potassium monophosphate emanzini ngesikhathi sokunisela ngesilinganiso se-10-20 g / m² ngesikhathi. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlukaniswa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 futhi kwethulwa ngenkathi kwenziwa ukwakhiwa kwamaqanda nokukhula kwezithelo ngokunqunyelwa kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15. I-Superphosphate ngokwesiko ingezelwa ukumba ekwindla ku-30-40 g / m².

Igalari yezithombe: Umanyolo wezimbiwa zesihlahla se-apula

Akufanele ungawanaki amakhambi abantu. Umthombo omuhle kakhulu wezinto ze-potassium nezokulandela umkhondo yi-ash ash - ingasebenza nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ngokuya ngokutholakala, ungasebenzisa kusuka ku-0,5 kuya ku-0,5 amalitha ngemitha skwere. Kuhle futhi ukusebenzisa i-liquid organic top dress ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuvuthwa kwezithelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungagxilisa i-nettle, meching utshani (1: 2), i-mullein (2: 10), izithoni zezinyoni (1: 10) emanzini izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-10. Emva kwalokhu, ukugxila okunjalo kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi bese kunisela nomuthi. Ukufakwa kumanyolo we-organic kungenziwa ngezikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngokuphumula kwamasonto angu-1-2, kusetshenziswa ilitha elilodwa lokugxilisa imitha elilodwa lesikwele.

Ungawuthena kanjani umuthi weapula uFlorin

Okokuqala, ngemuva kokutshala, kufanele ukhathazeke ngokwakhiwa komqhele. Ngenxa yobude obuphakathi, i-florine ilungele kangcono ukwakheka kwenkomishi. Izinzuzo zako:

• Ukukhanyiswa okungafani konke nokufudumala komhlaba wonke umqhele ngemisebe yelanga.
• Umoya omncane.
• Ukwenza lula ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla kanye nokuvuna.

Ukwakha umqhele onjalo, akukho msebenzi okhethekile nolwazi oluthile oludingekayo - le nqubo ifinyeleleka kalula kumqali wecala. Konke okudingeka ukwenze izinyathelo ezilula ezimbalwa:

1. Entwasahlobo yokuqala yonyaka wesibili (ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap), kukhethwa amahlumela aqine ku-3-4 esiqwini sesitshalo, esizoshiywa njengamagatsha emithambo. Kufanele zibe kude ngamasentimitha ayi-15-20 ukusuka komunye nomunye futhi zikhule ngezindlela ezihlukile.
2. Amahlumela akhethiwe anqunywa ngo-20-30%, futhi wonke amanye amagatsha anqunywa ngokuphelele esebenzisa indlela "esezindandatho". Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-pruner engadini ebukhali noma isaradi yengadi.
   

   Lapho ususa amahlumela, kusetshenziswa yonke indlela “yendandatho”

3. Umqhubi wesikhungo esimaphakathi unqunywa ngaphezulu kwesisekelo segatsha elingaphezulu.
4. Zonke izigaba ezinobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-10 mm zivikelwe ungqimba lwe-var var engadini. Kufanele kukhethwe ngesisekelo sezingxenye zemvelo - ukuba khona kukaphethiloli neminye imikhiqizo kawoyela kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu.
   

   Ukuvikela ukusikeka nokwelapha amanxeba esihlahla, udinga ukusebenzisa i-var engadini esekelwe kwizithako zemvelo

5. Eminyakeni engu-2-3 elandelayo, udinga ukwakha amagatsha ayi-1-2 e-oda lesibili kulawa magatsha lwamathambo, okumele akhule ngaphakathi komqhele, awigcwalise ngokulinganayo.
   

   Umqhele owenziwe ngesondo

6. Kuyo yonke impilo yesihlahla, bayaqiniseka ukuthi amagatsha anamathambo ahlala alingana ngobude futhi akekho noyedwa kubo oqala ukubusa, ethatha indima yomqhubi ophakathi nendawo.

Ngenxa yokuthambekela kukaFlorina ukuqina, umqhele wakhe udinga ukuncishiswa minyaka yonke, ukuqeda iziqongo, ukuwela, ukuphazamisa omunye komunye, amahlumela. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi ukulawula izihlahla futhi wenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Ukuze uvikele izifo, ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa minyaka yonke ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ngalesi sikhathi, omile ngaphandle, kanye namagatsha anezifo futhi alimala ayasuswa. Uma kunesidingo esinjalo, ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kuyaphindwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Nqampuna okujwayelekile

Njengoba kukhonjisiwe, uFlorina uhlushwa isikhathi sokuvuna ngenxa yokulayisha ngokweqile eminyakeni ethile. Ukuze ugweme le nkinga futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izithelo zonyaka kufanele zibe ngokwejwayelekile isivuno. Lokhu kwenziwa zombili ngokususa izimbali namaqanda amaningi ngokweqile, nangokuncipha okwengeziwe kwamagatsha ezithelo. Imvamisa bakwenza lokhu ngesikhathi sokuqala kokukhula kwezithelo kanye nokwakhiwa okusebenzayo kwamahlumela amancane.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Akwanele ukutshala isivuno esicebile sama-apula. Umgomo wokugcina ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwesikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi yezithelo nokulondolozwa kwazo. Imithetho eyisisekelo yokuqoqwa kanye nokugcinwa kwama-apula kaFlorin:

• Izithelo kufanele zome njalo:
  • Baqoqe kuphela kwisimo sezulu esomile.
  • Ngaphambi kokubekwa kwesitoreji, ngaphezu kwalokho zome ngaphansi kwe-canopy noma egumbini elomile.
  • Musa ukugeza apula.
• Hlunga izithelo, ulahle okonakele futhi obolile.
• Okokuhamba nokugcina, zifakwe emabhodini amakhadibhodi noma emabhokisini enziwe ngamapulangwe emigqeni emithathu (futhi okungcono ngisho emgqeni owodwa).
  

  Kungcono ukugcina ama-apula ebhokisini lokhuni

• Abanye abalimi bengeza abafafaza i-apula ngotshani be-rye, ukusikwa noma ukusonga i-apula ngalinye ephepheni.
• Lapho ugcina phakathi kwezidonsa, kubalulekile ukufaka ama-gaskets 4 cm ubukhulu ukuze uqinisekise ukungena komoya.
• Ukushisa kwesitoreji kufanele kube phakathi kuka -1 ° C kuya ku- +5 ° C.
• Akuvunyelwe ukugcina ama-apula egumbini elilodwa nemifino - iklabishi, amazambane, beet, izaqathe, njll.

Izici zokukhula ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, izifunda ezikhulayo zesihlahla samaapula eFlorin zikhawulelwe ezifundeni eziseningizimu zezwe. Abanye abalimi bazama ukuyikhulisa ngempumelelo ehlukahlukene ezindaweni ezithile ze-Middle Strip. Imizamo yokutshala uFlorina ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ezingaphezulu, ngokwesibonelo, emadolobheni amancane, ayiphumelelanga, ngenxa yokungwaneleki kobusika obekunganele kwezinhlobonhlobo.Azikho izici ezithile zokutshala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zesifunda saseNyakatho Caucasus lapho izinhlobonhlobo zibekelwa khona. Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bakaFlorina buyafana kuso sonke lesi sifunda; amaphuzu asemqoka avezwa ngaphezulu.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Isihlahla sama-apula seFlorina siyizinhlobo zokuvikela izifo. Yisifo esisodwa kuphela esaziwa ukuthi singasengozini. Ake sibheke kabanzi ngemininingwane.

Umdlavuza we-apula (waseYurophu) ojwayelekile

Lesi yisifo esijwayelekile sokukhula kwesikhunta eYurophu. Ku-CIS, kutholakala kakhulu eBelarus nasezifundeni ezisentshonalanga ze-Ukraine. Okuvamile, ezindaweni zonke zase-Ukraine, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeRussia, eCrimea. Isisebenzeli esidala - i-marsupial fungus Nectria galligena Bres - singena esihlahleni sama-apula ngemifantu, ukulimala ngesikhathi sokuthena, ukubanda, ukusha, njll. Sithinta kakhulu iziqu, amafolokohlo amahlumela aminyene, namagatsha wamathambo. Ukuqhubeka, lesi sifo sibangela amanxeba avulekile emithini yeziqu (amabhuzu), ngasemaphethelweni lapho amafomu amakhulu aqhuma khona (ifomu okuthiwa yi-callus). Emagatsheni, lesi sifo sivame ukuvela ngendlela evaliwe, lapho imiphetho ye-callus ikhula ndawonye futhi kusala igebe elincane. Ebusika, izicubu ezincane zezicubu zibhujiswa yiqhwa. Ngenxa yalokho, isilonda asipholi futhi siyaqhubeka nokukhula, sithinta izinkuni.

Umdlavuza we-apula ojwayelekile (waseYurophu) - isifo esivamile sokukhunta eYurophu

Ukuvimbela ukutholwa okufika ngesikhathi kokulimala kwamagxolo kanye nokwelashwa kwabo, ukuvimbela ukushiswa yilanga kanye neqhwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekwindla, kuhlanzwa igxolo leziqu kanye namagatsha awugqinsi, emva kwalokho acwengisiswe ngesisombululo selayisi esitshekile ngokufakwa kwe-1% yethusi sulfate ne-PVA glue. Uma kunesidingo, iziqu zezitshalo ezincane zasebusika zifakwa nge-spanbond, i-spruce burlap, njll. Lapho izihlahla, ungakhohlwa ukuvikela izingcezu ngama-var var engadini.

Uma lesi sifo sisasigadla esihlahleni, kufanele uhlanze kahle amagxolo afile nezinkuni kwizicubu ezinempilo, ukhipha isibulala inxeba ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi bese usebenzisa ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-varnish yengadi.

Izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela ukulwa nezilokazane nezifo

I-Apple-Tree Florina ayibhekene nokuhlasela okubalulekile kwezinambuzane. Ngokuthula okuphelele kwengqondo, kwanele ukuba umphathi wegadi enze njalo izindlela zokuzivikela nezokuvimbela. Khumbula kafushane uhlu lwabo:

• Ukugcina ukuhlanzeka engadini - ukususa ukhula ngesikhathi, ukuqoqwa kanye nokulahlwa kwamaqabunga awileyo.
• Ukumba sekwephuzile okujulile kwemibuthano yesiqu.
• I-lime emhlophe yeziqu kanye namagatsha wamathambo.
• Intwasahlobo yokuqala (ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap) ukwelashwa kwesihlahla nge-DNOC noma i-Nitrafen - ukuvikela izinambuzane nezifo zokukhunta.
• Ukuze uvikele ukulimala kwesihlahla se-apula ngumhlwa, ibhungane lembila, isembozo seqabunga, ukufafaza ngamakhefu amathathu okuvimbela izinambuzane (uDecis, Fufanon, Spark) kufanele kwenziwe ngezikhathi ezilandelayo:
  • Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
  • Ngemuva kwezimbali.
  • Izinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngemuva kokwelashwa kwesibili.
• Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi akulimazi ukufaka amabhande okuzingela ezihlahleni zezihlahla zama-apula, okuzokwenza ukubambezeleka kokwehla kwezinambuzane okuhlukahlukene okuyingozi.

Igalari yezithombe: amalungiselelo wezindlela zokuvimbela umuthi weapula weFlorin

Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga

UFlorina ku-62- 396, ukuthambekela kokufakelwa iziqu ngezikhathi kuyatholakala. Ngonyaka owodwa ngokweqile, okulandelayo - izithelo ezimbalwa. Kufanele ifane nse ukuvikela ukulayisha ngokweqile. Ngithanda izinhlobo… futhi ukunambitheka kuhle futhi kugcinwa kahle. Akukho engingakusho ngesibazi ... ngandlela thile angizitholanga. Mhlawumbe asinaso isimo salesi sifo.

I-Alexey Sh, isifunda saseVolgograd

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Re: UFlorina

Ngesizini edlule ngathenga kumlimi wasekhaya okuncane kakhulu kunalokho engangikudinga, ngoJulayi ngahlala ngikwazi ukudla, kepha angizange ngikudle - kwakumele ngikuthumele komquba. Kuma-aphula engiwazamile, kwavela ukuthi yiwo acwilisa kakhulu (futhi ngaphansi kwesitezi esivamile).

Ozithobayo, u-Ermakov Alexander Nikolaevich.

I-EAN, e-Ukraine

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Ngithathe uFlorina ngesizini edlule, ngombono wami, ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ngamabhokisi amaningi amahle, ama-apula ngaphandle kokudansa alala egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti (okusele kokuhlolwa, kunjalo), ayedla ngokuphelele, kwesinye isikhathi athengiswa ezitolo ngesikhathi esikhulu, futhi kubi kakhulu ekuxineni nasekunambithekeni. Kepha kufiseleka ngokuphelele ukuba udle ngaphambi kokuqala kukaJuni. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle ngathi, iningi kakhulu phakathi kwezihlahla ezitshaliwe esizeni. Le sizini nayo yinhle kakhulu, kepha ama-aphula amancane, ukunisela okungokwemvelo kwaphokophelwa ngokuphelele, kepha okwatholakala ukuthi kunikiwe kwaba kunganciphile. Ngenkathi sidla ezinye izinhlobo, sizofika eFlorina emva koNyaka omuNyaka.

IPodvezko Eugene, Sumy, Ukraine

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Re: UFlorina

Izinhlobonhlobo ezimangalisayo. Nginesihlahla esisodwa esihlanganiswe esitokisini esiphakathi nezimpande. Ngokuthena okujwayelekile, ngithola izithelo ezinhle ngonyaka, angikaze ngiqaphele imvamisa. Kepha kuyadabukisa ukuthi leli dolobha lazama kulo nyaka. Washaya ama-aphula kancane.

Mad Gardener, esifundeni saseKiev

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UFlorina uyibanga lokuthengisa lezihlahla zeapula. Ukunakekelwa okungabekezeleleki, ukungatheleleki kwezifo kanye nokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezithelo kunikeza izindleko eziphansi zokulikhulisa. Ukunambitheka okusha kwama-apula akukuphazamisi ukuthengiswa kwawo, ikakhulukazi ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Izinhlobonhlobo zingaba nentshisekelo kubalimi ezifundeni eziseningizimu yezwe.