Izitshalo ezihlukahlukene ezivela ngaphandle ezivela phesheya zifanelekile ukuzala ekhaya. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kufaka phakathi i-cyclamen yaseKosovo, incazelo eyodwa evele iphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuzala kwakhe ekhaya. Ake sihlolisise lo mmele omangalisayo we-flora futhi sibhekane nezidingo zalo eziyisisekelo zokukhula.
Incazelo ye-botanical
I-Cyclamen yabiza umuthi womndeni wakwaMirsinovye, nakuba abanye ososayensi bethi ngomunye umndeni - i-Primrose.
Endle, imbali ihlala e-Iran, enyakatho ye-Afrika naseMedithera, kodwa kaningi ingatholakala eTurkey.
Izinhlobo ezithile ezisetshenziselwa izitshalo zasendlini zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekwelapheni kwe-sinusitis, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, kubalulekile ukugcina izinyathelo zokuphepha, ngoba kunengozi yokushisa i-membrane.
Uyazi? I-Kosky Cyclamen, mayelana nokutshala nokukhathalela ukuthi sizokhuluma ngani ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ibizo layo lihloniphe isiqhingi saseKos, esise-Aegean Sea, eduze neTurkey.
Lesi esinye sezimila ezimbalwa (sifinyelela ukuphakama kuka-10-15 cm), izimbali ngesikhathi sekwindla nobusika. Amaqabunga awo angaba ngu-15 cm ubude futhi abe nesimo esinjengesimo senhliziyo ngombala obumnyama (ungafinyelela cishe emthunzini wokuthutha, okuxhomeke ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile).
Futhi kubo ungabona isiliva esincane noma iphethini elimhlophe. Amapuleti ahlanzekile atholakala kuma-petioles enamafutha.
Ekhaya, kungenzeka ukugcina izimbali zeKosovo cyclamen kusukela ngoNovemba kuze kufike ngo-March uqobo, futhi izimbali ezibonakala zibonakala zinhle kakhulu: zine pink, ezibomvu, izikhala ezimhlophe ezimhlophe (noma ezinemibala emibili), ezinezinhlamvu ezimhlophe. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo benza iphunga elimnandi, elicashile.
Kukhona iphethini ecacile ekuguquleni umbala wezikhala, ubukhulu bezimbali nokuma kwamaqabunga: amacembe aphuzi aphuzi kanye namafihlethi yizici eziningi zezitshalo ezivela eSiriya naseningizimu yeTurkey.
Uma sikhuluma ngemibala evezwe engxenyeni esempumalanga yala mazwe, ayoba amakhulu, futhi amapuleti amashidi ayoba mncane kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobo zibhekwa yi-tuber enezimpande ezikhulayo kuphela ukusuka ngezansi.
Ukukhethwa kwesikhala ekamelweni
Njenganoma yimuphi omunye isitshalo, i-cyclamen yaseKosovo idinga ukunakekelwa okuthile, futhi kubalulekile ukucabangela imingcele eyinhloko lapho igcinwa ekhaya: ukukhanyisa, izinga lokushisa, umswakama womoya nokubunjwa kwenhlabathi.
Ukukhanyisa
Naphezu kokuthi ikhamera cyclamen isitshalo esithandekayo kakhulu, uxhumane namaqabunga ayo elangeni eliqondile lisongela ukushisa.
Izitshalo ezithandwayo zendlala zihlanganisa: i-Monstera, iKalanchoe, iDracaena, i-Anthurium, iDendrobium, i-Gloxinia, i-Begonia.
Ngakho-ke, ifasitela elisuka entshonalanga noma ecaleni lasempumalanga yendlu lifanelekile ukubekwa kwalo. Uma kwenzeka eziphuthumayo kungenzeka ukubeka izimbiza ngesitshalo kumafasitela aseningizimu, kuphela kulokhu kuzodingeka kuvinjelwe.
Ukushisa nomswakama
Ukukhulisa i-cyclamen yaseKosovo ekhaya lakho, kubalulekile ukumnikeza ilungelo lokushisa elilungile. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lingancishiswa libe ngu-11 ... +14 ° C, kodwa ehlobo kungcono uma ukufundwa kwezinga lokushisa kuhlala ku-18 ... +25 ° C. Izindinganiso ezikhululekile kakhulu zokukhula okwanele kwezitshalo nezimbali ziyi-11 ... +14 ° C.
Ngaphambi kokwakheka kwefihlekile, i-cyclamen kufanele ifakwe njalo, kepha ngokushesha nje uma ivela, le nqubo ivaliwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ukubola kwayo kungenzeka. Amanzi angabuye wanezelwa ku-pallet, kodwa kuphela uma egcwele i-peat, ubumba obunwetshiwe noma amatshe amatshe.
I-substrate yokulima
Ukwakhiwa kwenhlanganisela yenhlabathi nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekutshaleni ngempumelelo imbali. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola izimbali ezifike ngesikhathi futhi ezichichima kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela i-substrate efanele.
Ikhetho elihle liyoba yingxube yezwe leqabunga kanye ne-sod (ngokulinganisela okulinganayo) ngokufaka uketshezi oluchotshoziwe, i-lime echotshoziwe noma i-plaster endala. Futhi, akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana nomsele, ngoba izitshalo zivame ukuhlushwa ngisho nokunciphisa kancane komswakama.
Ukufika ekhaya
Ukutshala i-cyclamen ekhaya kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ngenzalo nangokuhlukanisa i-tuber. Zombili lezi zinqubo azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle kunayo yonke umuntu kufanele afinyelele ngokuphumelelayo ukulungiselela kokutshala izinto futhi ukhumbule ezinye izimo ezibucayi zokufika.
Imbewu
Yonke imbewu kufanele ibe nesakhiwo esiphelele, futhi akudingekile ukuyithenga, ngoba uma une-cyclamen yezimbali, ungase uqoqe imbewu kuyo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuphila kwemali kokubili kokuthengwa nokutshala ekhaya kunomkhawulo futhi akudluli iminyaka emibili. Uma iphakheji oyikhethayo ihlukaniswa ngokubhaliswa okucishiwe noma okuncane kunamanzi, lokhu kubonisa izimo zokugcina ezingalungile.Njengoba unqume ukukhula ngokuzimela, kufanele uzilungiselele ukuvota impova. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukusebenzisa i-shashi kufanele udlulise impova kusuka embuzweni owodwa kuya kwesinye, okwamanje akuyona inzima, ngoba isakhiwo sayo ikuvumela ukuba wenze kalula inqubo ecacisiwe.
Uma isitshalo sempova sakha ibhokisi emva kwesikhathi (likhula cishe izinyanga ezingu-4), lihlala lizokhipha imbewu kulo bese lihlwanyela endaweni elungiselelwe. Into esemqoka - itangi akufanele libe lijulile futhi akudingeki ukuba uthele inhlanganisela eningi yenhlabathi.
I-Grooves for seeds nayo yenziwa encane - ayikho ngaphezu kuka-1 cm ubude. Kukhona igebe lika-3 cm phakathi kwembewu ngayinye. Imbewu igcwele imbewu encane yomhlaba, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula izinga lomswakama lomhlabathi. Amahlumela okuqala azovela ngenyanga.
Kubalulekile! Ungesabi uma imbewu ehlwanyelwe ingabonakali ngokushesha - okokuqala imbali ikhula kancane futhi kunconywa ukuba iwase kuphela, ngaphandle komanyolo. Njengokudla kokuqala (okwenziwanga okungakapheli inyanga emva kokutshala), ungasebenzisa umquba wamaminerali.Ukuhluma kwesitshalo esincane, etshalwe ngendlela yembewu, kubonakala kungekuqaleni konyaka, kanti ngezinye izikhathi kulesithathu.
Ukuhlukana kwe-Tuber
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Kosovo cyclamen ngosizo lwezilimo eziyizigaxa kungenzeka, kodwa ekhaya akusifisi. Le nqubo yenziwa phakathi nesikhatsi semvula yesitshalo futhi sidinga olunye ulwazi olukhethekile kuwe.
Ngaphambi kokuhlukanisa u-anyanisi, ususwe enhlabathini futhi womile kahle, ngemva kwalokho uthathe izingcezu eziningana (okokuqala, kungcono kumabili kuphela). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ucezu ngalunye olutholiwe luqukethe izinso.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-tuber kubuye kwande: i-ginger, i-liatris, i-lacunos, i-dahlias, i-calla izimbali, i-zamiokulkas, i-kaladium.
Zonke izingxenye ezihoxisiwe zicutshungulwa ngamalahle ochotshoziwe futhi zomile futhi. Khona-ke inqubo yonke iyahamba ngokuvumelana nesimo esivamile: inqubo ngayinye itshalwe ebhodweni elihlukile, ijulise amentimitha ambalwa.
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthenga izingxenye ezenziwe ngomumo we-tuber, qiniseka ukuthi unake izinso: kumele zizinze futhi zingabi nomonakalo. I-tuber enjalo iphathwa nge-acceleration yokukhula futhi ishiya isikhashana endaweni ekhanyayo.
Isitshalo esincane kufanele siphuze ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa singathulwanga, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuqala kokubola kungenzeka.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cyclamen ngokuhlukanisa i-tuber kuyinkinga enzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubalimi bokuqala, kodwa kusekhona ithuba. Njengendlela ehlukile, izingane zizofanelekela nendima yokutshala izinto (ziqeda ngokushesha).
Uyazi? Ngaphakathi Ngekhulu le-18, i-cyclamen yayibizwa ngokuthi "isinkwa sezingulube", ngoba kwavela ukuthi izingulube zaziqothula umhlaba ngenhloso yokufuna izilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nezimpande zezitshalo.
Izici ukunakekelwa kwe-cyclamen Kos
Ukunisela, ukupheka, ukusika izihlahla kanye nokutshala izihlahla zibe yinsimbi entsha kudlala indima ebalulekile ekutshalweni kwayo. Ukunakekelwa ngokufanele njalo kuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisanayo kwanoma imuphi imbali, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ngakho konke okungahle kwenzeke khona.
Indlela yokuphuza imbali
I-Koska cyclamen, njengama-hybrids amaningi, idinga ukunisela, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula. Isingeniso se-Fluid ngokuvamile senziwa ngokudonsa, futhi uma ukuphuza kusuka phezulu kubalulekile ukulawula le nqubo ukuze amanzi angangeni kumaqabunga nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Kungaba ngcono kakhulu ukujova uketshezi olusenqenqemeni lobhodwe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala isikhathi eside sesitshalo, inani lomswakama liyancishiswa, kodwa akufanele sivumele umhlaba ukuba usomile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngenkathi yokucubungula nokukhula kwesitshalo, kumele kudliwe isikhathi 1 emavikini amabili, besebenzisa umanyolo obunzima we-mineral (ngokuvamile umthamo odingekayo uboniswa ephaketheni). Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela isitshalo (uma usukhulile kusuka enzalweni) ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala, kanye nezinhlanganisela zamaminerali, udaba oluphilayo kufanele lusetshenziswe.
Ukutshala izihlahla
Ukudubula i-cyclomen Kosami akudingeki, kodwa ngokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwayo okujwayelekile kuyadingeka ukususa ngokushesha izimbali eziphelile kanye namaqabunga aphihliwe, futhi phansi kweziqu, ezithandekayo, kufanele zisuswe.
Ukufakelwa okulungile
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo ze-cyclamen (hhayi iKosovo kuphela) kufanele kwenziwe njalo: njalo ngonyaka ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqala. Ngokuvamile lesi sikhathi siwela phakathi kwehlobo, lapho amahlamvu amasha kancane kancane eqala ukukhula.
Ungakhathaleli ukubaluleka kwalenqubo, ngoba ezinyangeni eziyi-12 inhlabathi ebhodweni idlulile kakhulu, eyonakalisa isakhiwo sayo. Uma ukufakelwa kabusha kufanele ulandelele ngokuphelele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi endala ngenye entsha, ngokususwa kokuphoqeleka kwezimpande ezibolile nezifile.
Kubalulekile! Uma isitshalo sakho singekho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1.5 ubudala, khona-ke imbiza ephethe ububanzi obuyi-8 cm iyinto ekahle, kuyilapho isitshalo esineminyaka emithathu ubudala singcono.
Uma ufuna i-cyclamen yakho iphile isikhathi eside futhi ikujabulise ngombala wayo, kubalulekile ukulungisa ingxube enhle yomhlabathi, evame ukudala kusuka emasimini omhlaba, ama-humus, isihlabathi ne-peat.
Izwe elingenalutho lizodinga okungaphezulu kwezinye izithako, ezithathwa ngokulinganisela okulinganayo. Uma ungenaso isifiso sokuzimela ngokuzimela ekulungiseleleni i-substrate, khona-ke ingathengwa ngesimo esiphelele kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhethekile.
Uma ususebenzelana nenhlabathi entsha bese uthola isitsha esifanele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cyclamen yakho, yenza izimbobo ezincane ezansi ebhodweni bese ubeka imifino ngendlela yamagatsha ajwayelekile noma ubumba, okuzogcina isitshalo samanzi.
Uma uhambisa inhlabathi entsha embizeni, akudingeki ukuba uyiguqule, futhi ukuze uthuthukise impilo ye-cyclamen, ngaphambi kokuyibeka esitsheni esisha, umane ususe (ungahambisani) namaqabunga ambalwa amadala. Inqubo yokufakelwa ngokwayo idinga ukususwa ngokucophelela kwesitshalo kusukela embizeni yakudala nokudluliselwa kwayo ngokucophelela.
Imbali kufanele ifakwe ngqo phakathi, futhi isikhathi esithile igcinwa isisindo ukuze ingalimazi izimpande. Zizoqondiswa kahle, futhi emva kwalokho ziqala ukuthulula lonke inhlabathi (okokuqala, kuphela phansi kugcwele substrate).
Ukuvikela isitshalo emonakalweni ezimpandeni, bona, kanye ne-bulb, basuswa ebhodweni elidala ngenkathi begcina i-clod yodaka.
Kubalulekile! Awudingi ukumboza yonke i-tuber ngomhlaba, kufanele ubheke kancane kuwo.Ngemuva kokutshala kabusha i-cyclone koski, uthele ngezigaba ezimbili: okokuqala, uketshezi kufanele kuvunyelwe ukuthi ugobe kancane, bese ufaka amanzi amaningi uphinde uthele isansi esisele.
Izifo ezinkulu nezinambuzane
Izinambuzane eziyingozi kunazo zonke ze-Kosovo yi-cyclamen kanye nezinambuzane zesicabucabu, ezingasuswa ngokusebenzisa izinambuzane ezijwayelekile. Ngokuqondene nezifo, ezimweni eziningi isitshalo sibhekiswe ekuhlaselweni kokubola kwesibabule nokumanzi, kanye nemiphumela ye-putrefactive ohlelweni lwempande.
Uhlelo lwe-vascular kanye nezicubu ze-cyclamen zithinteka yi-fusarium, futhi izitsha zivinjelwe ngokuphelele nezinambuzane eziyingozi ezikhiqiza izinto ezinobuthi.
Kungenxa yabo ukuthi imbali yeka ukuthola ukudla okudingekayo futhi ifa ngokushesha. I-fungus ingagcinwa emhlabathini noma ngesitshalo isikhathi eside, ilinde isikhathi esifanele ukungena ohlelweni lwempande yesitshalo.
Uma i-rot rot (isifo esiyingozi sokuphuma kwamagciwane), i-cyclamen ishesha futhi imile, ilandelwe ukubola kwesistimu.
Ukutheleleka kutholakala esitshalweni ngamanzi uma kunisela noma ngesinye isitshalo esinegciwane. Okubi kakhulu ukulwa nalesi sifo akusizi ngalutho, ngakho-ke kuhlala kuphela ukubhubhisa imbali enegciwane.
Ama-spores of gray grey awela ku-cyclamen ngosizo lomoya kanye namanzi, ikakhulukazi uma izinga lokushisa ekamelweni liphansi kakhulu futhi izinga le-humidity liphakeme.
Ngokuvamile kunezifo zokutheleleka kwe-cyclamen nge-anthracosis, i-fungus ekwazi ukuhlala enhlabathini isikhathi eside futhi ithinte indawo yokukhula kwama-peduncles namaqabunga esihlahla.
