Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo Utamatisi, okukhuliswa kalula ensimini, i- "Yamal" ithatha esinye sezikhundla zokuqala. Uyakujabulela ukuhlakulela kokubili abaqalayo nabalimi abanolwazi. Futhi ezandleni zomuntu wonke, uziphatha kahle, enikeza isivuno esikhulu.
Uyazi? Utamatisi wangena ezindaweni zethu ezivela emahlathini aseNingizimu Melika. Izihlahla zokuqala zakhula lapha ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, emva kwalokho zanda kulo lonke insimu.
Okuqukethwe:
- Incazelo yehlathi
- Incazelo yezithelo
- Ukuthela
- Ukuphikiswa kwezilokazane nezifo
- Ukusetshenziswa
- Izinhlobo ze-Pros and cons
- Indlela yokukhetha izithelo zomtamatisi enempilo
- Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala utamatisi
- Ukutshala izithombo zotamatisi "Yamal" kusayithi
- Ukunakekela nokulimala utamatisi "Yamal"
- Ukunisela nokusipha
- Ukukhululeka nokugqama
- Indima ye-mulch
Isici samatamatisi "Yamal"
Ukuze sijwayelane nezinhlobonhlobo, siqala ukunikeza incazelo yakhe emfushane.
Incazelo yehlathi
Utamatisi "Yamal" unesihlahla esincane; ufunda incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, ungathola ukuphakama okungaphezu kuka-50 cm. Kulula kakhulu ukutshala utamatisi emibhedeni, ngoba lezi zihlahla azidingi ukuhlanganisa, kanye ne-pasynkovaniya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqu ezisehlathini ziqinile kakhulu, ngakho ngeke zihlupheke ekuvuneni okuphezulu. Konke lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa ekunakekeleni isitshalo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinamaqabunga e-tomato evulekile avulekile. Yiqiniso, zikhulu kunezinye izinhlobo.
Kubalulekile! Ukwenza isitshalo sibe nesithelo esihle, ezintathu Amaqabunga aphansi ehlathini anconywa ukuba asuswe.
Incazelo yezithelo
Utamatisi "Yamal" okubaluleka izithelo zawo, izici zokunambitheka okuphakeme kakhulu. Sinomumo ozungezayo nomgodi omncane esiteshini. Izithelo ziyasheshaza, ukubhoboza kunzima. Ekuqaleni, banemibala eluhlaza, njengamaqabunga, futhi njengoba bevuthwa, kancane kancane bagcwalisa umbala obomvu ogcwele.
Ngesisindo izithelo azifani. Labo abavuthwe kuqala bakhula kakhulu kunazo zonke - ngaphezulu kuka-100 g ngayinye. Kukhona nezibonelo ezinkulu kakhulu. Zonke utamatisi ezilandelayo zivuthwe kakhulu kakhulu - akukho ngaphezu kuka-80 g.
Ukuthela
Utamatisi "Yamal" awubonakali isivuno esikhulu, kodwa awukwazi ukukubiza phansi. Isihlahla esisodwa sonyaka singaqoqwa kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-17 kg izithelo kuye ngokuthi izimo zikhulile. Ukutshala lokhu kuhlukahluka kungaba ku-greenhouse, lapho isihlahla sikhula khona futhi sisanda. Kodwa i-Yamal ngokwayo ihloselwe ukulima ngaphandle.
Ukuhlukahluka kubhekisela ekuvuthweni kokuqala. Ukuvuna kokuqala kususwe ekuqaleni kwehlobo, isikhathi sesithelo sokuvuthwa - Izinsuku ezingu-110 ngokwesilinganiso. Uma ukhula endaweni yokushisa - hhayi izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-97.
Ukuphikiswa kwezilokazane nezifo
Ukulula kokunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo akukhona kuphela ekungeneni kwayo, kodwa nangokumelana nezinambuzane. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu yokuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ziphikisana nesifo esivame kakhulu phakathi kwamatamatisi - ukulimala kokuphela kwesikhathi.
"I-Yamal" ayiphinde iyithande kakhulu izinambuzane, ngakho-ke ingatshalwa ngaphandle kwengozi ethile emkhakheni wezolimo eziyingozi, ngenxa yokuthi yikuphi ukubunjwa, uma ngabe kukhona ukugqoka okujwayelekile.
Ukusebenzisa ukugqoka okunjengokuthi: amalahle, i-potassium humate, imvubelo, i-Ammophos, i-Kemira, i-Kristalon nama-fertilizer ama-fertilizer Tomato, izitshalo zakho zizokunika isivuno esihle.
Ukusetshenziswa
Utamatisi "Yamal" iqoqa izibuyekezo ezinhle ngezici zazo. Izithelo zawo zinesikhumba esinyene esisiza ukuba sigcinwe kangcono ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Kuhle kakhulu futhi ziziphatha uma ukhansela. Kungcono ukufaka izithelo ezincane ngisho nasezimbizeni ezincane. Isikhumba esinomsoco ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukushisa sigcina ubuqotho bayo, abuqedi.
"Yamal" yazibonakalisa ngokugcwele emalungiselelweni afana ne-tomato unamathela, ijusi, izetchu, ukudla okulula, i-lecho. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene jikelele Kuhamba kahle neminye imikhiqizo, ngoba yenza ama-saladi amahle.
Izinhlobo ze-Pros and cons
Utamatisi "Yamal" anezigxobo zawo kanye ne-minuses uma ikhulile futhi isetshenzisiwe. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo ukuhlanganiswa kwesihlahla, okwenza kube lula ukunakekela.
Izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ngisho namaqhwa asekupheleni. Iyamelana nokulimala kwekwephuzile, i-vertex ne-root root. Ungakhula bobabili kokushisa nokushisa, ungakhathazeki ngokuthi ukhohliwe noma wayenaso isikhathi sokuwahambisa. Izinhlobonhlobo ukuvuthwa kokuqala futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthwala izithelo kuze kube nguSepthemba. Izithelo ezinomsoco zefomu elibikezelayo zingasetshenziswa kokubili kuma-saladi, nangokucubungula.
Ngokuphathelene namaminithi wezinhlobonhlobo, azitholakali kunoma yisiphi isikhumbuzo sabalimi.
Indlela yokukhetha izithelo zomtamatisi enempilo
Ukutshala nokutshala utamatisi kulezi ezihlukahlukene kwenziwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Izithombo zitshalwe ngesikhathi sonyaka 1.5 izinyangalapho ekhishwa amabhulashi okuqala embali.
Lapho beqala ukuqala ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-10, izithombo zizolungele ukutshala. Akunakwenzeka ukugcina izithombo, kungenjalo ngeke kulahlekelwe isivuno esikhulu, ngoba amahlumela emva kokukhula kwezimbali azohlala ekukhuleni ngisho nasezindaweni ezivulekile ngeke kuthuthuke phambili. Vimbela lokhu ngokususa ibhulashi lembali. Khona-ke uzoba cishe ngesonto kuze kuvele entsha.
Uyazi? Izinhlobonhlobo zitshalwe ezweni elishisayo. Futhi uhlwanyele imbewu Ungakwazi ngokushesha emibhedeni ephekwe ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, izithelo zizovela futhi zivuthwe kamuva - cishe izinsuku ezingu-30 noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela isetshenziswa kangcono esimweni sezulu esincane.
Uma ukhula izithombo ngaphambilini ekhaya, ngakho-ke ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okunamandla okutshala, kudingeka ufeze izingxenye ezimbili zokufakelwa kwakhe.
Amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zidinga ukufuthekal: ukuphuma emgwaqweni ngesimo sezulu esihle amahora ambalwa, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu ungashiya usuku.
Izithombo ezinempilo zinezimpande eziqinile, amaqabunga amakhulu, iziqu ezinamandla, amafihlekile athuthukile. Kufanele ibe namaqabunga ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalombili engaphansi kwe-20 cm.
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala utamatisi
Isayithi lapho izitamatisi zizotshalwa khona kufanele zikhanyiswe futhi zivikelwe emoyeni. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kwakuyihlangothini eleningizimu. U-anyanisi, ukhukhamba, i-zucchini, iklabishi kuvunyelwe kusuka kwabaningi bokuqala esakhiweni. Uma amazambane, i-pepper noma ama-eggplants asetshalwe phansi, kungcono ukungatshali utamatisi lapha. Ungazikhulela kulezo zindawo lapho utamatisi etshalwe ngaphambi, ngisho nezinye izinhlobo.
Esikhathini sakho ungatshala utamatisi ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo: "Maryina Grove", "Katya", "Pink Honey", i-Golden Apples, "i-Dubrava", "Liana", "i-Bobcat".Ungakwenza lokhu iminyaka eminingana. Kwanele nje ukutshala inhlabathi ngezindaba eziphilayo, ngoba utamatisi uyisondeza kakhulu.
Zingahlwanyelwa endaweni yokushisa, kepha kusukela lapho amahlumela encane kakhulu, kungcono ukutshala emibhedeni ensimini, ehlanganiswe ne-foil.
Ukutshala izithombo zotamatisi "Yamal" kusayithi
Kusukela ekuwa, baqala ukulungisa umhlaba ukufika. Uma sekukhulisiwe ama-asidi, kufanele ihliswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bamba inhlabathi nge-lime, humus ne-superphosphate, uthatha izithako ngamamitha ayi-square 500 g, 6 kg no-50 g, ngokulandelana. Entwasahlobo, ama-40 g we-nitrogen fertilizer kanye nama-20 g we-fertilizer umquba asetshenziselwa ukumba.
Ukuqala ukuqala lapho kubuyela amaqhwa - ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Endaweni efudumele, phakathi nenyanga kuvunyelwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi umhlabathi ufudumele kahle.
I-patterning yokuhamba - 50-60 ngo-60-70 cm. Uma kuphuma indlela yokuguqula, kubalulekile ukuzama ukulimaza izimpande zesitshalo. Umgogodla ungasondiswa kancane ngamaminerali amaminerali, futhi phezulu kwezithombo ezifafazwe umhlaba owomile futhi zanisela.
Ukunakekela nokulimala utamatisi "Yamal"
Impendulo yombuzo wendlela yokunakekela utamatisi ensimini, ngeke kubangele ubunzima ngisho nomlimi wesimanje. Ngokuvamile, imithetho yokunakekela ezihlukahlukene ifana nezinye izinhlobo zezamatamatisi. Ukukhula okuncane kwezinhlobonhlobo akudingi ukugcoba kanye ne-garter.
Ukunisela nokusipha
Ngokujwayelekile, utamatisi udinga umswakama okwanele, ukuchelela njalo, ukudla nokusila. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Yamal zidinga okufanayo, kodwa ngezimo ezithile. Isibonelo, ibekezelela ukuntuleka komswakama. Ngakho-ke, ungakhathazeki uma ukhohlwe ukuphuza imibhede ngesikhathi - isivuno ngeke sihlupheke ngalokhu.
Kodwa ezikhathini ezinomile kakhulu kubalulekile ukugcina ukujwayela kwenhlabathi. Ukunisela kuyenziwa ngamanzi afudumele ngaphansi komsuka wesitshalo. Utamatisi udinga njalo weeding nokudla, eyenziwa ngokusho imithetho jikelele for utamatisi.
Ukukhululeka nokugqama
Emva kokuchelela, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla ukuze kugcinwe umswakama kuwo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza komoya kuya ezimpandeni.
Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo eyenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika, okwesibili amasonto amabili, kuyilapho imigqa yezithombo ingavaliwe. Khona-ke udinga ukukhipha njengoba ukhula luvela. Ukulimala kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze izimpande ezingeziwe zivele engxenyeni engezansi ye-stem. Lokhu kuzoqinisa isitshalo nokwandisa isivuno.
Ukulimala kwenziwa enhlabathini emanzi. Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo eyenziwa Amaviki angu-2-3 ngemuva kokuphuma, futhi - kwamanye amaviki amabili.
Kubalulekile! Ukuthuthukisa umphumela wesitshalo bese ukhulula ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Indima ye-mulch
Imibhede yezitshalo ezikhulwa emhlabathini ovulekile, kunconywa ukuba kube semanki. I-mulch iyasiza ukuvikela umhlabathi ekukhuliseni, uma ukuchelela kuqhutshwa, akuvumeli ukhula lukhule, luvikela umswakama.
Uma usebenzisa i-mulch, inani lomhlabathi elikhululekayo linganciphisa kakhulu. Okufanayo kusebenza ekutheni. Njengomunyu wezitamatisi angasebenzisa:
- i-burlap;
- i-ruberoid;
- ifilimu;
- okungahleliwe ukumboza izinto;
- izinkuni zezinkuni noma i-sawdust;
- isikhwama somuthi;
- amaqabunga awile;
- izinaliti;
- umquba;
- utshani;
- utshani obunamanzi.
Kubalulekile! Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthutha izitamatisi ngefilimu, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinto ezibomvu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ifilimu ingavumi ukukhanya, ibe mncane futhi isonwe, ihlale iqinile futhi iqinile emhlabathini. - khona-ke ukhula ngeke lukwazi ukuluqeda. Qaphela ukuthi ngaphansi kwefilimu izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi likhuphuka ngama degree amabili.
Umlimi oyinsimu onokuhlangenwe nakho, owake wazama ukukhulisa i-Yamal, akanakwenzeka ukwenqaba ukuhlala kwakhe ensimini yakhe esikhathini esizayo.
Khula kube lula kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamatamatisi. "Yamal" ayizithobeki ekunakekeleni, kuyinkinga encane kulabo abahlukumezayo nezifo.
It has izithelo ezincane kodwa ezihlwabusayo ukuthi kulula ukusebenzisa fresh futhi ekheniwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayakubekezelela ukuhamba nokugcina.