UCherry Morozovka - uhlala ebusika-noqinile futhi omnandi wegadi

I-Cherry ingesinye sezilimo ezidumile nezisakazekile engadini. Ikhule eRussia kusukela ngekhulu le-12. Abafuyi abahlali bezungeze futhi bathuthukise izinhlobo ezintsha, bezama ukuthola ama-cherries ahlanganisa kuphela izimfanelo ezinhle - okumnandi, okukhula kahle esimweni sezulu esingesihle, esivimbela izifo zamatshe. Okuhlukahlukene uMorozovka unazo zonke izici ezisohlwini.

Izinhlobonhlobo cherries Morozovka

Ama-cherries aseMorozovka akhiwa esikhungweni i-I.V. All-Russian Institute Institute of Horticulture UMichurin ngonyaka we-1997. Umbhali walezi zinhlobonhlobo nguTamara Morozova, igama lakhe elihlonishwe ngokuhlonishwa kwalo. "Abazali" baseMorozovka ngama-cherubykaya aseLyubskaya nawaseVladimirskaya, ayeqokwe ngekhwalithi ephezulu yesivuno esiphakeme sokuqala nesokumelana nesithwathwa.

Amajikijolo aseMorozovka avuthwa ezihlahleni ezinde, okwenza kube lula ukuzikhetha

Ukuphakama kwesihlahla saseMorozovka kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2-2,5. Umqhele uyindawo eyindilinga, yobukhulu obuphakathi, iphakanyisiwe. Amagxolo a brown brown, amahlumela aluhlaza grey, akhulu ngosayizi. Amaqabunga angama-oval, abushelelezi, anezinqe emaphethelweni, afakwa ngotshani obukhanyayo, obomvu abancane alincane ezansi. Izinso ezimise okweqanda ziphambuka kancane kusuka amahlumela.

Ukuphakama kwesihlahla se-cherry Morozovka - cishe 2 m

Ukuqhakaza kweMorozovka kuqala ngo-Ephreli: izimbali ezingama-pink ezinkulu nezinkulu ezimhlophe eziqhakaza ziqhakaza emagatsheni edili. Ukuthatha izithelo kwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi. Isilimo sokuqala (kufika ku-200 g) esihlahleni singatholakala ngonyaka we-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala.

Izinkomba zokukhiqiza zamakheli amadala ziyahlukahluka. Ngokuya ngezimo ezikhulayo, iyakwazi ukuletha ukusuka kuma-10 kuye kwangama-30 kg amajikijolo. Izithelo zeqhwa emigqeni emide, enkulu (4-5 g ngayinye), eyindilinga, enekhefu ezansi. Isikhumba nenyama yabo kucishe kufane nombala obomvu obumnyama noma i-burgundy. Ithambo alilikhulu kakhulu, lisuka kwi-juicy, kodwa ugqinsi olunamandla luhlukaniswe kalula. Amajikijolo amnandi kakhulu, kukhona ukumuncwa okumuncu okumnandi. Izithelo zingadliwa zombili zisha futhi zicutshungulwe (ujamu, ujamu, iziphuzo, iziphuzo zezithelo, notshwala, namakhekhe, njll.) Ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwawo. Isilimo esidlulayo sithuthwa kahle.

Amajikijolo ama-Frosty - amnandi, anojusi, nge-pulp eminyene

Lesi sihlahla siyamelana nesimo sezulu esomile, izifo eziningi zesikhunta, kufaka phakathi i-coccomycosis (kwiRegional State kubikwa ukumelana okuphakathi), ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi wasebusika kahle. Kepha le nzuzo inezinhlangothi ezishintshashintshayo: uma isitshalo sitshalwe ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima kakhulu, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kwezimbali, kanye nezimbali ngesikhathi sokubuya kwamaqhwa kubuya. Njengezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zama-cherries okuzalela, iMorozovka iyazenzela.

Ukutshala ama-cherries

Umhlabathi wokutshala iMorozovka kufanele ube nokudla futhi ube ne-acidity engathathi hlangothi, ukudonsa okuhle ukuze umswakama ngokweqile ungaqokeleleki kuwo. I-Loamy, isihlabathi, inhlabathi enesihlabathi ifaneleka kahle. Indawo efanelekayo yokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwama-cherries indawo enelanga, enelanga, ngaphandle komoya noma imbozwe kuwo.

Uma izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba lingaphansi kuka-1.5 m, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuphakama kokufakelwa.

Batshala iMorozovka ngoMashi; kungenzeka futhi ukwenza lokhu ngoSepthemba. Ngokutshala, kukhiqizwa isithombo seminyaka engu-2 ngomqhele owakhiwe, kepha ungasebenzisa futhi i-cherry enonyaka. Ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo, izithombo kufanele zikhethwe ekwindla, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi ukukhetha kwabo kuphezulu kakhulu.

Izindlela eziphambili zokukhetha izinto zokutshala:

• ukuphakama kwesihlahla - hhayi ngaphansi kwama-1 m;
• ububanzi be-barrel - kusuka ku-10 mm;
• ubude bezimpande - hhayi ngaphansi kwama-20 cm;
• amagxolo esiqwini anombala ngokulinganayo, abushelelezi, futhi akukho mfucumfucu noma akhonkotha endaweni ye-inoculation.

Ukuze izimpande zesithombo zingakhuli ngenkathi uthatha umuthi omncane usiza endaweni yakho, kufanele uzisonge ngendwangu emanzi (ngokwesibonelo, ibhaxa) bese uzifaka kuselula. Kuze kube sentwasahlobo, izithombo akufanele zishiywe ngaphandle emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ebusika, bamba umgodi, obukhulu bawo okufanele bube yi-30-35 cm, bese bebeka izihlahla lapho nge-angle ka-45^mayelana (ngaphambili yayikhululekile kwindwangu nesikhwama esisetshenziswe ngenkathi yokuhamba). Ngemuva kwalokho uhlelo lwezimpande nengxenye yesiqu (cishe amasentimitha angama-25) lumbozwe ngomhlaba futhi kusale ngale ndlela kuze kube umzuzu wokutshala.

Izigaba nendlela yokubamba

Ukufika ngezinyathelo ngezinyathelo kufaka izinyathelo eziningana.

Ukulungiselela umgodi

Ubuncane bokubekwa ngaphansi kobukhulu obungu-2,5x2,5 m ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa. Umgodi wokutshala ulungiswa kusengaphambili (cishe inyanga) ukuze umhlaba uzinze kuwo. Ubukhulu buyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwenhlabathi: kokuvundileko, ukuphakama, ububanzi nokujula - amasentimitha angama-40 lilinye, kubantu abampofu kakhulu (emgqeni ophakathi nendawo) - cm eziyi-60 ngasinye. Ungqimba lomhlaba ommbiwe luhlanganiswa nomanyolo. I-humus noma umquba ngokulingana okulinganayo kufanelekile, i-1 kg yomlotha, i-30-40 g ye-superphosphate, i-20-25 g ye-potassium chloride nayo iyanezelelwa. Ukwakheka okuphumayo kuthululelwa emuva emgodini.

Uma inhlabathi isinda, ubumba, khona-ke isihlabathi (amabhakede ama-1-2) siyangezelelwa kule ngxube.

Umgodi wokutshala kufanele ube banzi ngokuthuthuka okungcono kohlelo lwe-seedling izimpande

Ukutshala isithombo

Indunduma encane engaba ngu-15 cm ukuphakama yakhiwa maphakathi nomgodi olungiselelwe, lapho kutholakala khona uhlelo lwezimpande zezithombo. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela kakhulu ukugwema ukulimala ezimpandeni. Kulesi simo, intamo yezimpande kufanele ikhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-5 cm. Emgodini oseceleni kwesithombo, kubekwa isigxobo esingu-1,3 m ubude. I-cherry encane impela badinga ukwesekwa kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lwezimpande seluthuthukisiwe kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho umgodi ugcwala umhlaba kuze kube emaphethelweni bese unyathelwa ngokucophelela, bese kuthi lesi yisithombo siboshwe esikhonkwaneni nge-loop-ayisishiyagalombili.

Ngomdwebo ocacile, ungaqonda kalula ubunzima bokufika

Ukunakekelwa kwe-cherry okusha

Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo ziniselwa ngamabhakede ama-2-3 wamanzi afudumele ahleliwe futhi kwakhiwa isembozo somngcele kusuka emhlabathini ukudala umgodi wokunisela. Kufanele itholakale ebangeni elingama-25-30 cm ukusuka kusiqu se-cherry. Umbuthano we-trunk ufakwe ungqimba (cm cm) we-sawdust, umquba, ukubekeka, ukugoba, i-humus noma inhlabathi evamile emisha.

Ukungcoliswa kukaCherry

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isivuno siningi futhi singcono, kunconyelwa ukuhlinzeka ngama-cherries ngama-pollinator amaningi ahlukahlukene. Ukulungela:

• I-Griot yaseMichurinsky,
• I-Zhukovskaya
• I-Turgenevka,
• Lebedyanskaya
• Vladimirskaya.

Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa

Indawo yokunakekela i-cherry ifaka ukuchelela, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukugqoka ngaphezulu, ukugawula, ukuvikela ngesikhathi sasebusika kanye nokulwa nezinambuzane, ukuvikela kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo.

Ukunisela Morozovka nokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi

Isihlahla esidala kufanele siniselwe kanye ngesonto ekuseni nakusihlwa, sisebenzisa amabhakede amanzi ayi-1-1,5. Kubalulekile ukuthi umswakama ungagxilizi phezu kobuso, kepha ungena ezimpandeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cishe isendlalelo esingu-10-15 cm somhlabathi singasuswa sizungeze isiqu, esihlangana ngokobubanzi bomqhele. Ngemuva kokunisela, ukhula kumele lususwe ukuze lungathathi umsoco emhlabathini, futhi lukhulise nenhlabathi.

Akunandaba ukuthi iMorozovka ayibekezeleli kahle isomiso, ukuchelela kuyadingeka ukuze kuvuthwe izithelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme

Isicelo somanyolo

Ukuqandisa kunikezwa ngezakhi zomzimba izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka - entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Lokhu kwenziwa njalo phakathi neminyaka yokuqala engu-7 yokuphila kuka-cherry. Ngemuva kwalokho, imvamisa yokugqoka ephezulu iyancishiswa ngokungenisa umanyolo wamaminerali njalo eminyakeni emi-2, kanye nezinto eziphilayo kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-4. Futhi, uma ngesikhathi sokutshala inhlabathi wavundiswa, ungaqala ngokufaka umanyolo olandelayo ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 usebenzisa uhlelo:

1. Ngonyaka wesithathu entwasahlobo, i-30 g ye-ammonium nitrate iyachithwa ku-10 l wamanzi bese ingeniswa emgodini wendandatho kusetshenziswa isixazululo esingu-5 l ngesihlahla ngasinye.
2. Ngonyaka we-4, i-140 g ye-urea yethulwa ngaphansi kokumba kwentwasahlobo, futhi ekwindla, futhi ngesikhathi sokumba, kuhlanganiswa amakhilogremu ayi-15.
3. Ngonyaka we-5-6, i-ammophosque encibilikisiwe emanzini ithathwa (30 g ngebhakede lamanzi) bese ithululelwa emgodini.
4. Entwasahlobo yonyaka we-7, ama-250 g we-urea angasetshenziswa.

Ekwindla, ungenza umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi.

Umqhele wokuthena

I-Pruning Morozovka kufanele ibe ngumcimbi ojwayelekile, ngoba amagatsha awo avame ukukhula futhi aqhakaze umqhele. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi amandla amakhulu esihlahla aqondiswe ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwengxenye eluhlaza, futhi izithelo ziba zincane. Ukuthena kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kusekuningi isikhathi esisele ngaphambi kokugeleza nokuncipha kwezinso.

Kuze kube lapho i-cherry ithela izithelo, umthambo wayo uyakhula. Ngalesi sikhathi, wonke amagatsha akhiwe ebangeni elingamasentimitha angama-30 ukusuka emhlabathini asuswa esiqwini. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2-3, kusuka emagatsheni ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15 asala ngaphansi kwesithambo samathambo, akha uhlaka lomqhele ofanayo. Amagatsha akufanele awele futhi asondelane kakhulu. Amahlumela azovela kula magatsha awasuswa. Okuhlukile kuphela yilokho ukukhula kwawo kuqondiswe ngaphakathi komqhele. Eminyakeni elandelayo, ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa - entwasahlobo nasekwindla, amagatsha agulayo, omile, amadala, angakhiqizi ayasuswa, ukuphakama kwawo kulungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kulula ukukha amajikijolo. Ngasikhathi sinye, amahlumela afinyezwa ukuze ubude bube yi-50-60 cm.

Ukuqandeka kuthambekele ekuqiniseni umqhele, ngakho-ke izihlahla yisinyathelo esidingekayo sokunakekela isihlahla

Amathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukusika (saw, pruner, ummese) kufanele abukhali futhi abulawe amagciwane. Ekuhloleni izindawo zokusika sebenzisa i-var engadini.

Ividiyo: ICherry Pruning

Isithando sokubandisa ubusika nokubanda

Ama-cherries aseMorozovka akhuliswa njengemithi ehlukahlukene yokulwa nesithwathwa sasebusika futhi awabekezelela kahle. Kodwa ukuhlinzeka indawo yokukhosela eyengeziwe ngeke kube okuphezulu ebusika obujwayelekile, futhi ikakhulu uma isizini ebandayo inzima.

Ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuqoqa wonke amaqabunga awile azungeze ama-cherries, kanye nokuhlanza isihlahla kusuka kumagxolo afile kanye nama-lichens. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuwa, umuthi kumele ube nendawo yokugcina umswakama ngesikhathi sokuchelela sekwadlula, okugcinwa ngawo mulching. Ukuvikela isiqu kanye namagatsha amakhulu ekushisweni yilanga, kwenziwa mhlophe. Ukuze isiqu singahlushwa amagundane, onogwaja noma amanye amagundane, kufanelekile ukusisonga ngempahla eminyene (uphahla lwendlu, umgqekezi, umgqekezi noma inetha).

Lapho mulching, ungasebenzisa izinsalela zezitshalo eziqoqwe engadini noma utshani obunjiwe esizeni.

Ividiyo: ukulungiselela ingadi ebusika

Ukuze ama-buds abuthakathaka kanye nama-inflorescence aseMorozovka angahlushwa amafrimu sekwephuzile, ungasonga isihlahla nge-spanbond ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ngeke isebenze kahle uma isihlahla sesivele sikhulu. Enye indlela yokuvikela indlela yentuthu, lapho kwenziwa izigaxa engadini bese kuthi isikrini sentuthu sinikeze ubushushu obudingekayo. Umlilo kufanele ubheme futhi ubheme, futhi ungacimi nje. Ngakho-ke, isisekelo saso singaba utshani, amahlamvu amadala, amagatsha owomile, umquba. Kepha kumele zishiswe zingavuthiwe, noma zimbozwe ungqimba olubanzi lwezinto eziswakeme - i-peat noma i-moss.

Enye indlela yokonga ama-cherries esimweni esinjalo ukufafaza, lapho amanzi esezungeza izihlahla ngokusebenzisa isifutho, esizokuma emagatsheni. Ukuqandisa, amanzi azokhipha ukushisa.

Izifo nezilokazane, izindlela zokulwa nazo

Njenganoma yimuphi ummeli wezithelo zamatshe, iMorozovka ingagula ngezifo ezitholakala kulolu siko:

• I-Moniliosis (ukushiswa kwe-monilial). Amacembe ama-Cherry aphenduka aphuzi, omile futhi awe. Ngokubukeka kwabo, kubukeka sengathi bashisiwe. Izindawo ezimnyama zakha izithelo, amajikijolo ayeka ukukhula futhi omile. Lesi sifo asikwazi ukuqalwa, uma kungenjalo isihlahla ngeke sisindiswe. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, ukwelashwa kusetshenziselwa uketshezi olungu-2-3% Bordeaux (aze abe amaqabunga aqhakaze). Uma lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kepha ukuqhakaza akukakaqali, kusetshenziswa amanzi e-Bordeaux noma i-Horus noma ama-Skor.
  

  I-Moniliosis iyakwazi "ukoma" hhayi kuphela amaqabunga ngamanye, kodwa isihlahla sonke se-cherry

• Isikhunta sooty. Ngalesi sifo, amafomu ahlanganayo amnyama kulesi simila, acishwa kalula, kepha avimbela ukukhanya kwelanga ne-oksijini ukuthi ingangeni ku-cherry, okuholela ekufeni kwamahlamvu nezithelo noma kumane konakalise ukubukeka kwawo. Izinkuni zingalashwa ngezixazululo ze-chloroxide yethusi, i-Bordeaux liquid noma i-150 g yesepha no-5 g we-sulfate yethusi ihlanjululwe ngo-10 l wamanzi.
  

  Yize i-plaque ye-soot fungus isuswa kalula, lesi sifo sidinga ukwelashwa okufana nokwesinye isifo.
• I-Kleasterosporiosis (indawo ebonakalayo). Kulesi sifo, ukwakheka kwezindawo ezincane ezinsundu emaqabungeni kuyinto ebabazekayo, ngokuvuleka kwawo kamuva kwakheka ezindaweni abukeka ngazo. Ngokuzayo, lesi sifo sisakazekela ezithelo, zomile bese ziwela phansi. Zonke izingxenye ezithintekile ziyasuswa futhi zishiswe (kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwenza lokhu ekwindla ngaphambi kokubusika ama-cherries), izihlahla ziphathwa ngo-3% Bordeaux fluid.
  

  Kulula ukukhomba i-kleasterosporiosis ngumkhawulo obomvu wobuntu obumba izimbobo eshidini

• Ukutholwa Kwezinsimbi. Kungenzeka ngenxa yokonakala kwemishini esiqwini, ukushiswa yilanga, isithwathwa esinzima, ukugawulwa okungafanele. Kuvela i-Wood resin (gum) esiqwini. Kufanele isuswe ngokucophelela futhi ihlanzwe ngommese obukhali ngommese obukhali ukuthwebula ingxenye encane yezicubu ezinempilo, bese ibulala amagciwane endaweni nge-solution sulfate (1%), bese ibopha isilonda nge-var var yegadi.
  

  Ukumbumbulu kuyingozi ngoba kudonsa isihlahla

Ingozi yomonakalo weqhwa eMorozovka incane. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe uma lesi sifo sitholakala kumasiko angomakhelwane.

Izindlela zokuvimbela:

• ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi, susa amaqabunga awileyo nezithelo ezisele emagatsheni ngaphansi kwezihlahla;
• susa futhi usebenze lezo zingxenye zesitshalo ezithole ukulimala kwemishini;
• musa ukutshala ama-cherries nezinye izihlahla zezithelo ezisondelene komunye nomunye futhi zivikele ukuqina komqhele;
• vimbela ukungagxili kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela, izimvula ezinkulu noma iqhwa elincibilikayo;
• hlinzeka ngokudla okufika ngesikhathi ukuze umuthi ungalahlekelwa ukungatheleleki.

Ukuvikelwa Kwezinambuzane Zokuqothula Inambuzane

Ukuqandisa kungathinteka yi-cherry aphid. Ukubona lesi sinambuzane ngesikhathi, kufanele uhlole izihlahla ngezikhathi ezithile. Ama-aphid ahlala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga, kanye nakumahlumela amancane. Izingxenye ezilimele zesitshalo ziyoma bese ziyafa. Izindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane:

• ama-insecticides, ngokwesibonelo, iSpark noma iFitoverm (kepha ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa noma sokuvunwa);
• ibhande elinamathela esiqwini, okuyisisekelo salo kungaba yifilimu, amakhadibhodi, izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe ezifakiwe ezinamathele (kufanele zishintshwe isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga);
• uma izithelo sezivele ziqhakazile eziqwini, amagatsha angalashwa ngomfudlana oqinile wamanzi ozohlanza izinambuzane;
• Enye yezindlela zokulawula zokuvimbela kungaba ukutshala izitshalo eduze kwama-cherries akhiqiza uwoyela obalulekile oxosha izinambuzane - dill, marigolds, thyme, horseradish.

Enye inambuzane eyingozi ngokulinganayo i-cherry moth. Izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo zidla amacimbi uvemvane. Entwasahlobo, zingangena zingene ezinso, ezingasakwazi ukuqhakaza. Ezikhathini zakamuva, amaqabunga kanye nemiqumbe kulinyazwa yi-cherry moth, amahlumela amasha avele ngokusebenzisa amacimbi. Ungaqonda ukuthi isihlahla sithintwa yilesi sinambuzane yi-cobweb yesimilo ehlala ku-cherry.

Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangesikhathi sokukhula kwesihlahla, izihlahla kufanele ziphathwe ngeSpark noma iKarbofos. Futhi ukucekela phansi amapayiphu kanye namacimbi enhlabathini, kufanele kuthungulwe lapho kuqhakaza izimbali.

Igalari Yezithombe: Izinambuzane Ezilimazayo Zekherry

Ukubuyekezwa mayelana ne-cherry Morozovka

I-Kharitonovskaya neMorozovka zijabulela ukunambitheka, amajikijolo amakhudlwana kunezinhlobo zakudala. Kuma-cherries amadala ngonyaka ophelile bekukhona i-moniliosis yama-cherries; kwadingeka ukuthi nginqume amagatsha amaningi.I-Kharitonovskaya neMorozovka yema ihlanzekile, ngaphandle kokwehlulwa.

I-Lyudmila62

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Kwezinhlobonhlobo ezikhula engadini yami, ukuba nokwehlukana okwomile kwezithelo, ukuba nezimpawu zokunambitheka okuphezulu, izinhlobo iMorozovka, Zhukovskaya, Oktava, Assol. Zonke izinhlobo zikhula ezihlahleni ezihlukene iminyaka eminingi. Izihlahla Zhukovskaya ne-Octave iminyaka engama-25, Morozovka iminyaka engama-20.

UVictor Bratkin

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Kwenze ngokwakho ukuthokozisa ukutshala izilimo. Ekunakekelweni kwama-cherries kunezifihlakalo zawo, kepha kungenye yamasiko angathandeki kakhulu. Futhi izinhlobonhlobo zeMorozovka kuzoba yisinqumo esihle kakhulu kubo bobabili umlimi onolwazi nowokuqala.