Mhlawumbe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezingavamile futhi ezingavamile zezihlahla zezithelo emhlabeni kukhona i-apula "Aport", esizokhula ngayo futhi sizinakekele lokhu.
Umlando wemvelaphi
Umlando wezinhlobonhlobo "i-Aport" iya emuva kakhulu esikhathini esidala, futhi kuze kube yilolu suku ayikho imininingwane engu-100% eqinisekisiwe mayelana nemvelaphi yayo yangempela. 
Kunezinguqulo eziningana ze-nebulous:
- abanye bakholelwa ukuthi isihlahla sama-apple sangempela saqala ukukhula endaweni ye-Ukraine yanamuhla, cishe ekhulwini le-XII;
- abanye - ukuthi "Aport" yisithelo sasePoland, ngoba ama-apula afanayo okukhulunywe ngawo emasontweni angama-1175 ayiswa ePoland evela eMbusweni wase-Ottoman;
- futhi bambalwa abambene ne-version yesithathu, okusho ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zafika kithi zivela eTurkey.
Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazibonakala eFrance, eBelgium naseJalimane, kuphela ezigqoke amagama ahlukene kulawa mazwe.
Ngokwesibonelo, eJalimane lesi sihlahla sama-apula sabizwa ngokuthi "uMbusi waseRussia Alexander", eBelgium - "uMongameli wobuhle", futhi abantu baseFrance bathi lolu hlobo "nguMongameli Napoleon".
Ngaphandle kwamazwe angenhla, i-apula yaba yande emadolobheni aseNgilandi (1817), yafika e-Kazakh Almaty (1865), lapho yaqala khona ukubonwa nokucwaninga okukhethekile. 
Abalimi be-Alma-Ata baqala ukuwela i- "Aport" ngezinhlobo zasendle zendawo, okuholela "kuVernensky" no-"Alma-Ata Aport", eyayidume ngezithelo ezinkulu ezingu-500-gramu.
Namuhla, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zama-apula zingatholakala ezindaweni eziseningizimu nephakathi zaseRussia, kodwa ngenxa yokungenakulinganiswa nokungazibikezeli kwezinhlobonhlobo, izihlahla zitshalwe kuphela ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Uyazi? Ngokususelwa kwizifundo zamuva zofuzo ezenziwa yi-Pomologists yaseBrithani (ngo-2000), kwatholakala ukuthi umlimi we-Aport ezihlukahlukene yi-apple yasendle yaseSievers.
Incazelo kanye nezici
Izihlahla nezithelo ze- "Aport" zihluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo ezidumile, ngakho-ke incazelo yazo iyathandeka kakhulu. 
Izihlahla
Izihlahla, njengombuso, zinamandla, zinomqhele osabalalisa, ogcwele, ongekho ogcweleyo kanye nenani elincane lamahlumela omzimba wezinhlayiya ezinenani elincane lamalenti aluhlaza. Ububanzi be-trunk buhluka kusuka ku-8 ukuya ku-10 m.
Hlola futhi izinhlobo ezinjalo zezihlahla ze-apula njenge-"Royalties", "Rozhdestvenskoe", "Ural bulk", "Krasa Sverdlovsk", "Orlinka", "Orlovim", "Zvezdochka", "Kandil Orlovsky", "Papirovka", "Isikrini" , "Antey", "Rudolf", "Bratchud", "Robin", "i-Red Chief", "Inkazimulo Kwabalandeli".Amagatsha wesitshalo aqinile kakhulu futhi ahambe kude nekholomu nge-angle enkulu ngokwanele. Amahlamvu anesimo esinqunyiwe nombala ohlaza okomnyama, ocebile.
Izithelo
Ukubonakala kwesithelo salesi apula kubonakala ngobuhle bayo nobukhulu obukhulu. Isisindo esilinganisweni se-apula singaba ngu-300-350 g, kodwa isisindo sezithelo ezithile singase sifinyelele 600 futhi sifinyelele ku-900 g. 
Ukuma kwama-apula kufakwa-okuhambisana nombono ongenakubonakala. Ngemibala, kuye ngokuthi yizihlobo ezihlukahlukene, kunezici ezihlukahlukene ezikhanyayo ezihlanganisiwe: kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu obomvu, obumnyama, obumnyama, obuhlala cishe ingxenye yesiqephu sesithelo.
Ikhasi elimboza i-apula linesakhiwo esincane esincane kakhulu esinezinyosi ezine-oily ne-glossy sheen.
Kukhona futhi ukumboza okuxubile kanye namabala amaningi amaningi angaphansi komhlaba, anemibala eluhlaza noma emhlophe. Inyama yesithelo imhlophe, isakhiwo esihlelekile, sinama-tinge aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nokunambitheka okumuncu, okumnandi, okunezici ezinamakha.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvuthwa okwethenjelwa kwezithelo ensimini yendawo eyisizinda saseRussia kwenzeka, njengombuso, eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaSeptemba. Ukudla ama-apula kungasetshenziswa kungakapheli inyanga emva kokuvuna.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo "Aport" zikhona iminyaka engaphezu kuka-200, ngesikhathi lapho inqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo zalezi zihlahla zama-apula ezihlonyelwe zivezwe emazweni ahlukene, okuthandwa kakhulu yizo: "Aport Dubrovsky", "Aport Dubrovsky", "Zailiysky" ne "Alexandria ". 
Namuhla, ezimakethe ezikhethekile, umuntu angakwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izinhlobo ezikhulunywe ngazo, awazi incazelo yawo eningiliziwe kanye nama-nuances wezobuchwepheshe bezolimo zokulima nokulungiswa okufanele.
Imithetho yokukhethwa nokuthengwa kwezithombo
Uma ukhethe i-Aport "enkulu" ehlotshaniswa kakhulu futhi kakade iyothenga izithombo ngokutshala uhlobo oluhlukile olungavamile, ngaphambi kokuthenga, okokuqala, qinisekisa ukuthi "impahla" ekhethiwe ihlangabezana nezici ezibalulekile nemigomo:
- Kudingekile ukuthenga izithombo kuphela kumafemu akhethekile noma izinhlangano zensimu ezibonisiwe ezinegama elihle.
- Isikhathi sembewu akumele sidlule iminyaka emibili. Usemncane, kungcono ukuthi uthathe izimpande futhi akhule. Ukunquma iminyaka yesitshalo akulona nzima - bheka nje ukuthi isithombo senze amagatsha (uma kungenjalo, lokho okuyiminyaka yonyaka). Isitshalo se-biennial sinamagatsha amabili noma amathathu atholakalayo ahamba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nge-angi 50-90 °.
- Hlola "izinto" kufanele kube ngokucophelela: ezimpandeni futhi isiqu akufanele kube yimuphi umonakalo kanye nokukhula, futhi ngaphansi koqweqwe lwesitshalo kufanele kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Isimpande kufanele sibe semanzi kulokhu okuthinta, kodwa hhayi obolile, futhi izimpande kufanele zibe nesakhiwo esinqunyiwe nesingenakonakala.
- Ubude bezimpande kufanele bube ngu-40 cm.
- Akukhuthazwa ukuthenga izithombo lapho amaqabunga ambalwa asevele ehlume khona.
Ukukhetha indawo kusayithi
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kumele zitshalwe endaweni evikelekile, evikelekile emoyeni. Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlelo lwempande lwe-apula "Aport" lufanelekile kuphela ezindaweni lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba engekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.
Uma amanzi esondela, kuhle ukukhipha phansi emgodini ngezingqimba zamatshe kanye namatshe aphukile, bese uphakamisa isitshalo ngokwawo ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela
Ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo, izimpande zawo kufanele zifakwe emanzini futhi zigcinwe khona okungenani ngosuku. Ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande ezengeziwe, ungasebenzisa izixazululo "Kornevina" noma "Heteroauxin".
Izithuthukisi zokukhula zihlanganisa "Bud", "Charm", "Kornerost", "Chunky", "Etamon", "Vympel", "Energen", "Zircon", "Stimulus".Umgodi we "Aport" ulungiselelwe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokutshala okukhethiwe: ukujula nobubanzi bawo kufanele kube yi-1 m. Kunconywa ukuxuba inhlabathi esuswe ngesihlabathi (ibhakede elingu-1), umquba (ibhakede elilodwa), umlotha wezinkuni (800 g) kanye namanyolo amaminerali akhethekile .
Inqubo ngesinyathelo-sinyathelo sokutshala izithombo
Izihlahla "Aport" zizokwephuza, izinhlobo zasebusika, ngakho-ke, kungcono ukutshala lezi zitshalo ekwindla yokusinda okuhle nokushesha. Inqubo yokufika ngokwayo ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana:
- Ukumba ngamapaki kusekelwe ngobukhulu bezimpande. Njengoba sekukhonjisiwe ngenhla, kufanele ilungiselelwe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuba ihlasele, futhi ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi evuliwe kumele ifakwe ngesakhi esikhethekile.
- Ingxube elungiselelwe yakha isilonda, lapho isithombo sembewu esithengiwe khona khona.
- Ngenqubo yezimpande evulekile, izimpande ziqondiswe phansi ekuqondeni kwezintaba.
- Ngemva kokuphuma, umgodi kumele ugcwale inhlabathi, ubambe ngokuqinile i-trunk ngesandla futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ugubha isitshalo ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-voids phakathi kwezimpande.
- Emva kokutshala umuthi kumele uthululwe kakhulu, kuze kube yilapho amanzi egcina phezu komhlaba, futhi isiqu kufanele sihlanganiswe kahle nexube le-humus ne-peat.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Njengamanye ama-apula, "i-Aport" idinga ukubhekwa okubuhlungu nokuqaphele kwenkathi, kanye nokunakekelwa okufanele nokucophelela.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi kumele kuhlanganise imisebenzi enjalo:
- Ukunisela - kufanele kube ngesikhathi futhi njalo, ikakhulukazi eshisayo. Amanzi (amabhakede amaningana) kufanele alethwe ngaphansi kwesitshalo esincane 1 noma izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto. Qinisekisa ukuthi emva kwenqubo eningi yokunisela iyakhulula.
- Ukutshala umhlabathi oseduze nomuthi kufanele kwenziwe njengoba ukhula lusakazeka.
- Ukuze uthuthukise kangcono imbewu futhi ulondoloze izinga elifanele lokuswakama emhlabathini ngaphansi kwe-apula, kufanele uyenze ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa esimweni sokuthi umswakama uzohlanganiswa nocingo obungu-5 cm futhi uzoba ne-mullein, umgquba womquba, u-sawdust noma utshani obunamanzi okusanhlamvu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukugqoka okuphezulu "i-Aport" kwenziwa esikhathini sehlobo sasehlobo nasekwindla. Phakathi nalezi zikhathi umquba we-nitrogen oqukethe amaminerali afakwe emhlabathini.
Kubalulekile! Izitshalo eziqukethe i-nitrogen kumele zenziwe ngaphambi kukaSepthemba. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ekuqaleni kwenyanga.
Amathiphu okondliwa kahle:
- ngesikhathi sezimbali, yenza ama-5 amalitha omquba, ama-2 amalitha omquba wezinkukhu, i-100 g ye-phosphate kanye no-70 g we-potassium, ehlanjululwe ngaphambilini emanzini ayi-10 litre;
- ngemuva kokumnandi kuhle ukusebenzisa i-500 g ye-nitrophoska, i-10 g ye-humid humate ehlanganiswe nebhakede lamanzi;
- ekwindla (ukuvikela isitshalo ebusika) - 30 g we-potassium, i-60 g ye-superphosphate kabili kanye ne-30 g ye-calcium kufanele ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi iphinde ibeke lo mhlaba emhlabathini.
Ukupompela kwe-prophylactic
Ngaphandle kokufuthola ngezikhathi ngezihlahla ze-apula, ukunakekelwa okunzima akukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi okuphelele. 
Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ukuze izitshalo zingabonakali kakhulu ezikhungethwe izifo ezihlukahlukene futhi zingahlaselwa yizinambuzane.
Okokuqala, umuthi we-apula kufanele uphathwe entwasahlobo futhi mhlawumbe ngaphambi kokuphuza i-bud, khona-ke ukuphamba okuvikelayo kuqhutshwa ngezikhathi ngesikhathi nangemva kokuqhakaza.
Ukwelashwa kwe- "Aport" Kunconywa kuphela ngokufakazelwa, izinga eliphakeme lisho: urea, Bordeaux liquid, copper and vitriol iron.
Ukusika izihlahla, ezihlanzekile nezokuguga
Ukusika ama-apula kuleli klasini kwenziwa ngehlanzekile, kuvuselelwa futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, inhloso yokwenza. 
Ukuqhutshwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngonyaka wesibili noma wesi-3 ngemuva kokutshala isihlahla, njalo entwasahlobo, esimweni esiphezulu nesomile: okokuqala, amahlumela akhula ngaphakathi komqhele anqunywe, bese kuthi amagatsha endala, lapho ama-ovaries amasha angayakhi, nezinqubo ezindala.
Ukusika izihlahla ezihlanzekile kwenziwa uma kwenzeka ukulimala okungalindelekile kwezihlahla ngezifo ezifayo (amagatsha aphelile, amagxolo kwezinye izindawo, amachashazi amnyama emagodini).
Kubalulekile ukuqeda izindawo ezinjalo ezigulayo esitshalweni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka "ukuhlinzwa".
Izihlahla eziguga ukuguga zihlale zihloswe ekuthuthukiseni ukuhluma kwe-apula, kanye nokwandiswa kwempilo yayo. Kungenziwa kuphela ngezikhathi zokuphumula, kodwa kungabi nhlobo entwasahlobo, lapho inqubo yokugeleza kwamanzi iqala ngesiqu. 
Inqubo ngokwayo kufanele iqale ngokusika izihlahla ezinkulu kunazo zonke, ngakho-ke kufanele uqale ukusika yonke indawo.
Wonke amagatsha aphukile, omisiwe nabangakhulayo kufanele asuswe esiqwini ngokwawo, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ulandela isimiso "kungcono ukususa amagatsha amakhulu kunamancane amancane".
Ukuvikelwa emakhazeni namakhaza
Ngeshwa, i- "Aport" ayidume ngokumelana nokuqina okukhulu kwesithwathwa, ngakho-ke, okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukutshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula ezimpandeni ze-varietal ezibandayo.
Ngokuqondene nezinqubo zokuzivikela, izinhlaka zokushisa, ama-burners, ama-briquettes kanye ne-lignite ziletha imiphumela emihle kakhulu, ezishiswa ezindaweni ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa futhi zidale ukushisa kwe-smoke kusuka ku-frost enzima. 
Ukuze uvikele i-apple tree kusuka kwamagundane (ikakhulukazi amahares namagundane), sebenzisa izindlela ezinempumelelo:
- ukudweba izinsimbi zamasentimitha angu-20 mm;
- ukubeka ngaphansi kwezimila ezivuthayo ezitshaliweyo, isibonelo, isinhlamvu;
- Ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo ye-nylon - izitokisi ezindala noma i-pantyhose; izinduku azidli;
- ukubeka emagatsheni amaphepha amnyama (izinhlamvu ziyesaba kakhulu);
- ukumboza izinsika ngenhlanganisela ye-mullein nobumba;
- ukwelashwa kwezinkuni nge-sulphate yethusi noma i-bordeaux liquid.
Uyazi? Imivubukulo ibonise ukuthi isintu sisebenzisa izithelo zama-apula kusukela ngo-6500 BC. i-er
Ukwandisa izithelo ezinkulu futhi ezihlwabusayo zohlobo elithi "Aport" endaweni yakubo akulula. Kodwa-ke, ngokugubha nokusetshenziswa kwala macebiso futhi ucabangela isimo esingenakuqhathaniswa salezi zihlukahlukene, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi ngoba uqobo ulungisa zonke izilingo ezinzima kakhulu.
