I-Pellaea iyigumbi elihle le-fern elinamafutha aluhlaza, aqhakazile. Ungowomndeni wakwaSinopteris futhi uhlala emahlathini aseNew Zealand. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sitholakala ezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-Afrika kanye neLatin America. Ekulandeni kwethu, i-pellea ikhula njengesihlahla sendlu futhi inqoba ngohlobo lwayo lwezimbali olungenakuphela, okungajwayelekile.
Izici ze-Botanical
I-Pellaea isho iziqalo zemvelo ezihlala ziluhlaza. Inezimpande ezingasho lutho, ezinwabuzelayo. Le fern ayinaso isiqu. Ama-Wii akhiwa kusuka empandeni yentamo futhi apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izimila zinomlingiswa ongashayi mkhuba futhi amafomu aqhakaza izihlahla aze afike ku-30 cm ukuphakama.
Amaqabunga aqinile ahlukaniswe kaninginingi ngokuhlukaniswa. Ngaphezulu kwepuleti lamaqabunga kunendawo emnyama ekhanyayo emnyama. Ukusuka ngaphansi, amapheshana okuvame ukuba nombala olula, ophuzi kanye nendawo enamafutha.
I-Sporangia ilele ngokuqondile engxenyeni engaphansi kweqabunga futhi ifihlwe ngumuntu omncane.
Izinhlobo ze-pellet
Kuhlobo lwama-pellets, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izihlahlana ezihlakazekile futhi ezihlangene, ezinokushisa ukushisa nokuvikela isithwathwa. Sifaka kuhlu izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu isiko.
I-Lance ifakwe umkhonto. Lesi sitshalo sinezimbali ezingekho emthethweni kanye nehluzo elimile lamaqabunga. Ama-cirrus veyas afinyelela ku-60 cm ubude nama-cm angama-30 ububanzi.Amapheshana angunxantathu, asymmetric atholakala ku-petiole ebomvu ngokubomvu. Umugqa oqhubekayo weSporangia ungasemuva kwepuleti leqabunga.
Pellet nxazonke. Lesi sitshalo, esidumile kakhulu phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali, sakha isihlahla esiminyene, esibanzi esingaba ngu-30 cm ukuphakama nama-40 cm. Ubude bamahlamvu ezinsiba ngu-25 cm, futhi ububanzi abudluli cm 5. Amaqabunga acwebezelayo anomumo oyindilinga nombala oluhlaza okotshani. Indawo engaphansi yepuleti lamaqabunga imbozwe izinwele ezimfishane, ezimhlophe. Ama-Soruses abekwe ngemuva kweshidi futhi anesimo somugqa oqondile.
Pellae luhlaza. Kwi-rhizome enwantayo, irosette eminyene yakhiwa ngamaqabunga amade (amasentimitha angama-50). Ububanzi be-thele bungamasentimitha angama-20. Amaqabunga wombala oluhlaza okhanyayo anomumo omncane, o-lanceolate. Ama-petioles aqinile kakhulu, aqondile, ngakho-ke isihlahla sinobujamo be-cylindrical.
I-pellet ingumbala onsomi omnyama. Isitshalo sakha irosette elinamaqabunga angavamile. Kuma-vayas amnyama ansundu noma onsomi kukhona amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani. Amapuleti amaqabunga ambozwe ngenhlanganisela eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngasohlangothini oluhle kunezifo ezimbozwe nge-bract elincanyana. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa ukumelana okuhle nesithwathwa futhi kungaba nobusika emhlabathini ovulekile.
I-pellet ebunjiwe. Isitshalo sinezimbali eziwugqinsi, eziqondile ezinesikali esincane. Amaqabunga ahlangana ngamaqoqo kuma-petioles amafushane ansundu. Amahlamvu e-ovali noma unxantathu embozwe ngemifantu. Ubude bamapuleti eshidi ngu-4-18 cm.
I-Pellet ovoid. Isitshalo ingaphansi kwezihlahla ezihlanzayo kakhulu. UVayi ucishe alale ngokuphelele emhlabathini. Kuma-petioles anombala omncane onsundu, kutholakala amapheshana enhliziyo enomzimba noma okusaqanda. Amapuleti amaqabunga abushelelezi, aluhlaza okotshani. Uhlobo luhambisana nomoya omile kanye namazinga okushisa aphakeme.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ama-pellets azalaniswa ngama-spores kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Izinhlamvu kufanele ziqoqwe kusuka ephepheni ziye ephepheni futhi zomiswe. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa enhlabathini enesihlabathi. Akunasidingo sokujulisa impikiswano. Izinga lokushisa lomhlaba akufanele liwe ngaphansi kuka + 21 ° C. Isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu ukuvimbela ukoma ngaphandle. Ngaphambi kokuvela, lo greenhouse ugcinwa endaweni emnyama. Nsuku zonke, inhlabathi ingena umoya futhi umhlaba ufafazwa ngesibhamu sokufafaza.
Amahlumela aqala ukuvela kakhulu ezinyangeni ezi-1- 1-3 ngemuva kokuhlwanyelwa. Manje imbiza idluliselwa egumbini eliqhakazile bese isusa indawo yokukhosela. Izithombo zidinga ukuncishiswa ukuze kube khona ibanga elingama-2,5 cm phakathi kwazo. Kunconywa ukutshala izithombo ezi-2-3 ndawonye.
I-pelletic bush egcwele kakhulu ingahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. Ukuze kwenzeke lokhu, lesi sitshalo siyimbiwa futhi sikhishwe emhlabathini omningi. Izimpande zisikwa ngommese ohlanzekile, obukhali ube izingxenye eziningi. Kubalulekile ukugcina okungenani izisekelo zamaqabunga ezi-2 ekwabelweni ngakunye. Izihlwanyazo zinezimpande ngokushesha ukuvimba izimpande ezomile ukuba zome. Inqubo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo ithatha cishe inyanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sibekwa endaweni enomthunzi futhi sinisele ukuthambisa.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ekhaya, i-pellet isemem in ukunakekelwa. Ukhetha amakamelo anokukhanya okukhanya, okukhanyayo. Ehlobo, lapho kupholisa ebusuku, ungakhipha amabhodwe engadini enomthunzi. Ebusika, iwindi lasenyakatho lingadinga ukukhanyiswa okufakwayo, ngakho-ke amahora okukhanya amahora angama-12.
Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngu- + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Ebusika, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe izindawo ezipholile (+ 14 ... + 16 ° C). Ukushisa ngokweqile kuholela ekomeni ukuphuma nasekuweni kwamaqabunga.
Nisela isitshalo ezingxenyeni ezincane zamanzi athambile. Inqubo yenziwa kaningi, ukuze kuphela ingxenye engenhla yenhlabathi ibe nesikhathi sokomisa. Amanzi okunisela kufanele afudumele. Akuvunyelwe ukushaya amaqabunga. Umswakama omile futhi awemukeleki, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zingabola.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba, omanyolo bezimbiwa bengezwa emanzini okunisela njalo ngenyanga. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezitshalo eziwohloka endlini.
IPellet ayidingi moya omanzi kakhulu. Inkomba ye-50% izokwanela. Egumbini elimanzi nelipholile, le fern ingahlushwa ukubola. Ukufafaza kanye ne-hydration eyengeziwe kudingekile kuphela kulezo zinhlobo ukuthi ubusika buhlala eduze nama-radiators ashisayo.
Ukufakelwa kwe-pellet kwenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni engu-1-2. Izimbiza zikhethwa ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukwedlula ezedlule, kodwa hhayi ezinkulu kakhulu. Amandla akufanele abe ajule kakhulu. Izimpande zikhululwa ngokucophelela ku-coma yobumba. Ungqimba lwezinsimbi zobumba ezandisiwe noma ezenziwe ngezitini luboshwe phansi njengokudonsa.
Umhlaba wokutshala ama-pellets kufanele ungathathi hlangothi noma kancane i-alkali. Ungathenga esitolo sendawo eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe ngeferns ngokufakwa kuk lime. Phakathi nesonto ngemuva kokufakelwa, i-pellet idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Lesi sitshalo sibekwa endaweni efudumele, ene-shaded futhi ayivamile ukuniselwa.
I-pellet imelana nezifo futhi ayihlaselwa yizinambuzane. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kuzojabulisa isisindo esiluhlaza okwesikhathi eside. I-pellet fern ayidingi izihlahla ezijwayelekile futhi iminyaka eminingi igcina ukuthandwa komqhele.
