Umkhiwane, noma umkhiwane, awuvamile ezingadini zaseRussia. Uma kuthathwa izimpande, iqala ngokuphelele ukuthela izithelo futhi yenze imisebenzi yokuhlobisa kahle. Abafundi bazoba nentshisekelo yokwazi ukuthi amakhiwane akhula kanjani, unjani umkhiwane nokuthi uwunakekela kanjani.
Umkhiwane noma umkhiwane
Amakhiwane, kungaba umuthi noma isihlahlana, angokwesizukulwane sikaFikiko, umndeni wakwaMulberry. Endle, kuvamile emazweni aseMedithera, eNdiya, eGeorgia, e-Armenia, e-Iran, e-Azerbaijan. Kuhlakulelwe eKrasnodar Territory, eCrimea. Izindawo lapho lesi sihlahla sikhula khona sinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama. Isitshalo asilubekezeleli amakhaza ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-12. Ingatshalwa ekhaya.
Umkhiwane
Izithelo zesitshalo samakhiwane zinokuphakama okuthe xaxa, ngenkathi okuqukethwe kwazo kwekhalori kuncane. Izithelo zesihlahla somkhiwane ziyindawo yokugcina enkulu yamavithamini namaminerali, kanye nezinto eziphilayo: ama-pectins, i-fiber.
Imvelaphi nokubukeka
Abafundi bazoba nentshisekelo encazelweni yokuthi amakhiwane abukeka kanjani. Lesi sihlahla sezithelo noma isihlahla sinokuphakama okufika kumamitha ayi-10. Lapho kukhona amagatsha aminyene. Amagxolo akhanya, abushelelezi.
Amaqabunga makhulu, ngokuhlelwa okulandelayo, anezinhlamvu ezi-3 kuye kweziyi-7. Ngaphezulu, umbala wabo umnyama. Zingakhula endle zize zibe ngu-15 cm ubude zize zibe ngu-12 cm ububanzi. I-petiole yinde futhi iqinile.
E-axils yamaqabunga kukhona ama-inflorescence. Isimo sazo sakhiwe ngopende. Zingasho lutho futhi zinokuvula okuncane endaweni ephezulu. Kuya ngokuthi umkhiwane uqhakaza kanjani. Igama lama-inflorescences wesilisa yi-kaprifigi, abesifazane yibo amakhiwane.
Kuyathakazelisa. Umgodi usebenza ukufukamela impova ye-wasp ye-blastophage. Imidumba ihlafunwe imbali yomkhiwane wesilisa. Lapho beyishiya, iba nokungcola impova. Bahehwa iphunga lezimbali zesifazane. Lapho izinambuzane zifika lapho, zishiya impova. Kuya ngokuthi umkhiwane uqhakaza nini, izithelo zivuthwa ngokuzayo.
Izithelo zomkhiwane zimnandi futhi zinoshukela. Ukuma kwabo kungumbala wepheya, ubude - kuya ku-8 cm, engaba - kuya ku-5 cm. Isisindo sezithelo ngasinye sisuka ku-30 kuye ku-70 g. Imbewu emincane ingaphakathi kwezithelo.
Umbala wezihlahla zamakhiwane nosayizi wehlukahluka kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ngayinye. Imibala ejwayelekile ngaphuzi futhi ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani, kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umuthi womuthi uvame ukuqhakaza ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ama-inflorescence amaduna akhula kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni ekwindla. Ama-inflorescence abesifazane akhiwa ehlobo nasekwindla. Izitshalo ziqhakaza okwesibili, kwesinye isikhathi ngonyaka wesithathu emva kokutshala. Isilimo sizinzile ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sifinyelela eminyakeni eyisikhombisa.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhiwane zokukhula engadini
Kunezinhlobo ezithile zezihlahla zamakhiwane ezilungele ukukhula engadini.
Izithelo zamakhiwane
Dalmatia
Lokhu kwahlukahluka eTbilisi Botanical Garden ngo-1901, futhi nase-Italy naseJalimane. E-Russia, ikhula esifundeni soLwandle Olumnyama. Kungaba izinhlobo zezitshalo zokuzala. Ibekezelela isithwathwa kufika kuma-degrees ayi-15.
Isitshalo sokuqala salezi zithelo sisuswa ngoJulayi. Inani lezithelo lisukela ku-20 liye ku-35. Isitshalo sesibili siningi. Izihlahla ziphansi, ziyaqhakaza, zinomqhele othambile. Ama-inflorescences makhulu, anombala omude, ane-apex ende. Amaqabunga makhulu, anama-lobes ayi-5 kuye kwayi-7.
Izithelo zesivuno sokuqala zikhulu ngokwanele - zifinyelela ku-180 g, zesibili ezincane - zifinyelela kuma-90 g. I-hue iluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi. Inyama yamajikijolo imnyama ebomvu.
UBrunswick
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zamakhiwane ezivimbela iqhwa kakhulu. Abangeneleli bazama ukuyikhulisa ngisho naseRussia maphakathi, bakhosela ubusika. Ingamelana neqhwa kuya ku-27 degrees emhlabathini owemboziwe.
Izithelo zezithelo zomhluzi
Izinhlobonhlobo zibuyiselwa ngokushesha ngemuva kobusika, zivumele amahlumela amasha ohlelweni lwezimpande. Umgcini wegadi udinga ukuvikela lezi zinqubo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, lesi sitshalo sikhula sibe ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2, kepha esimweni sezulu saseRussia ukuphakama lokhu akwamukeleki. Ngesikhathi sokutshala ungavumeli ukusabalala ngokweqile kohlelo lwezimpande. Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo makhulu kakhulu, afinyelela ku-25 cm ubude, ngama-lobes avuthayo. Izimbali azibonakali kalula; zisemukelweni olandelayo.
Isitshalo sinikeza izitshalo ezi-2 ngonyaka: ngoJulayi nangoSepthemba. Igagasi lokuqala alinalutho: lesihlahla siveza izithelo ezimbalwa ezinesisindo esingama-g 100. Isikhumba sezithelo sine-tint ebubende. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo kumnandi. Isivuno sekwindla siningi kakhulu: umuthi ukhiqiza izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-70 g.
Kubalulekile! Ebangeni eliphakathi, izithelo zomkhiwane we-wave yesibili ephuzi kungenzeka zingavuthwa ekugcineni ngenxa yokuqalwa kuqala kwesithwathwa.
I-adriatic emhlophe
Lokhu kuyizinhlobonhlobo ezenziwe ngokwakho, okunikeza izitshalo ezi-2 ngonyaka. Iphelele ekukhuleni emhlabathini ovulekile. Umbungu awudingi impova eyengeziwe.
Izithelo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene zincane - zifinyelela kuma-60 g. Ama-hue aphuzi, aluhlaza okotshani. Inyama i-pink, ukunambitheka kumnandi kakhulu.
Umehluko walokhu kwehluka kwabanye ukuthi awugcini nje kuphela ukumelana nesithwathwa, kodwa futhi nesifo sokubola grey. Njengoba isikhumba simanzi, izinhlobonhlobo azilungele izinto zokusebenza. Inzuzo yezithelo ukuthi zingagcinwa isikhathi eside.
Kadota
Le nhlobonhlobo yokuzikhipha inyakaziswa eCalifornia. Izithelo zivuthwa kusenesikhathi, zinesisindo esingama-60 g. Ukwakheka kwezithelo kuyinto ebunjiwe, iyindilinga, inoshukela omningi. Njengoba izithelo zomile emagatsheni, zilungele ujamu nokulondolozwa.
Umbala wezithelo uluhlaza-ophuzi, ijamo lakhiwe ngumbala noma liyindilinga. Banokuhogela okumnandi nokunambitheka okucebile.
Amakhiwane avuthiwe
Izithombo zitshalwa ohlangothini olunelanga. Ebusika badinga ukumbozwa.
URandino
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zomkhiwane. Izithelo zesitshalo sokuqala zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-100 g, elesibili - zifinyelela ku-60 g. Isimo sezithelo sinombala we-asymmetric, ophakeme, ngombala omuhle we-olive. Ihlukahluka lapho ihluma.
Le nhlobonhlobo iyamelana nezilokazane.
Ukutshala isithombo ngemuva kokuthenga
I-Sapling ingatshalwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: engela lama-degrees angama-45 nangokwakhiwa kwe-ironon evundlile. Esimweni sokuqala, ukugoqwa kwamagatsha ngaphambi kokukhoseliswa kusenziwa lula. Esimweni sesibili, lesi yisithombo sitshalwe ngokuqondile, phezulu sinqunywe kuso. Amacici aseceleni agoba phansi.
Ukutshala amakhiwane
Amahlumela ahlelwe njengamikhono aqondiswe ezinhlangothini ezihlukile. Akha ama-buds, aqhamuka kuwo amagatsha. Vuna isivuno samakhiwane.
Okudingayo kokwehla
Ngokutshala, umgodi wembiwa cishe amamitha nengxenye ubude, cishe amamitha ububanzi futhi kuze kube ngu-80 cm ukujula. Ukujula okukhulu akudingeki, ngoba izimpande zaleli gatsha lesitshalo ziqonde.
Ingaphezulu lenhlabathi lifanele ukugoqwa ngokuhlukile, bese lithululelwa emgodini. Ezansi kwaso kubekwa amabhakede elilodwa nehafu lama-humus (lingathathelwa indawo ngomquba), ama-200 gr. superphosphate kanye nomanyolo we potassium omningi. Ngemuva kwalokho kuthululelwa ungqimba oluncane lomhlaba ovundile.
Kwakhiwa indunduma ku-fossa, lapho izimpande zesithombo zisatshalaliswa khona. Zimbozwe ngomhlaba, zihlanganisiwe futhi ziniselwa kakhulu.
Lesi sitshalo sihlala emhlabathini ovulekile kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho usongo lweqhwa lasebusuku ekugcineni luzodlula.
Indawo enhle
Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha indawo efudumele nevikelwe kakhulu emimoyeni ebandayo engadini. Kuvele umsele uma udinga ukutshala izitshalo eziningana ngokushesha.
Ukunakekelwa
Ukuqaliswa kokuncoma kokunakekelwa kukhulisa ukuqina kwekhiwane, isivuno salo.
Ukunakekelwa Kwe-fig
Imodi yokunisela
Izithombo ziniselwa ngemuva kokutshala kakhulu. Ngokuzayo, imvamisa yokunisela iyancishiswa kaningi ngenyanga. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukuchelela ngenkathi kumiswa ama-inflorescences, ngoba isitshalo sinobuhlakani. Ukuze ulondoloze amanzi, kunconyelwa ukuba ku-mulch.
Ukunisela kumisa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Isikhathi sokugcina lesi sitshalo siniselwa ngemuva kokuqoqa izithelo. Lokhu kwandisa ukumelana kwawo nesithwathwa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Imithetho yokudla izitshalo imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- Umanyolo weNitrogen wethulwa engxenyeni yokuqala yesithathu yokukhula.
- Maphakathi nenkathi yehlobo, ama-phosphates kufanele angezwe.
- Ehlobo elisekupheleni nasekupheleni kwekwindla, kwenziwa umquba we-potash.
- Inyanga ngayinye, kwethulwa izakhi zomkhondo ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwesihlahla.
- Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-Foliar kwenziwa kathathu ngenyanga.
- Ukusuka kumanyolo we-organic, umhlabathi, ama-humic acid ayethulwa.
Kungani amakhiwane engatheli izithelo
Abafundi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani amakhiwane ethela izithelo. Isitshalo kungenzeka singatheli izithelo ngenxa yezinambuzane. Okuvame kakhulu:
- i-ognevka (ibangela ukubola kwesithelo, ngenxa yokuthi izimbali ziwela futhi ziwe);
- iqabunga lamaqabunga (lithinta isitshalo ukuze amaqabunga aphenduke aphuzi, izithelo zibole, isiqu some, ukuqhakaza kwamakhiwane kuyama);
- iqabunga lamaqabunga libambezela ukukhula kwesiqu;
- umuthi wamabhungane uhlasela amagxolo, ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo safa.
Luboed
Ukufaka umquba ngesithelo
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, kufakwa umanyolo we-potash. Kubalulekile ukondla isitshalo ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhula, i.e. lapho kuvuthwa isigaba sesibili sezithelo.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ekwindla, lapho wonke amaqabunga ewa, izihlahla zigobela phansi. Ngemuva kwalokho aboshwe, afafazwe nomhlaba noma amaqabunga omile. Ungasimboza isitshalo ngezendlalelo zamaqabunga noma ngamagatsha esihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi, sivikeleke ngaphezulu kusuka phezulu ngendwangu yophahla.
Nakani! Bopha amagatsha ngokucophelela ukuze ungawephuli.
Lapho kufika kweqhwa, amagatsha ambozwe nge-spanbond emnyama (ezingxenyeni ezi-2). Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, lesi sitshalo simboziwe ngesendlalelo sefilimu yepulasitiki.
Entwasahlobo, indawo yokukhosela isuswa kancane kancane. Ingasuswa ngokuphelele kuphela uma kusungulwa isimo sezulu esitebeleni sentwasahlobo ngaphandle kokubuya kweqhwa.
Amakhiwane - isitshalo esihle se-thermophilic esihlobisa ingadi futhi silethe izithelo ezimnandi. Akunzima ukuyikhulisa, yize kungaba sengozini yokubanda kakhulu.
