I-Adiantum iyi-fern ethambile yomndeni kaPteris. Amakhasethi akhe obucayi obukhulu obufana ne-hair yezinwele ezinhle. Shono enye yezinhlobo ze-adiantum ibizwa ngokuthi "izinwele ezizalayo." Ungahlangana naye emadwaleni nasogwini olunamadwala esifundeni esingaseningizimu neNyakatho Melika, i-Afrika kanye ne-East Asia. Ngenxa yokukhululeka kokunakekelwa, i-adiantum kudala yathandwa ngabatshali bezimbali ezifuywayo.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Adiantum fern ineziqu ezinwabuzelayo nezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokumpande. Izimpande uqobo emhlabathini zitholakala ngokuthe nkqo. Zimbozwe ngesikali esincane esibomvu noma esimnyama esinsundu esifana nenqwaba emfushane. Amaqabunga e-petiole ahlukaniswe kabili anobujamo be-drooping. I-petiole emincane futhi ebushelelezi ipendiwe emnyama. Ubude bawo buyi-10-25 cm, kuya ngezinhlobo.
Amahlamvu ejwayelekile noma ahlukile. Amasheya angaba mgoqo fan, omiswe idayimane noma abe nobugqinsi. Amaqabunga amancanyana kakhulu apendwe luhlaza okotshani. Ubude besiqephu bungama-2,5-3 cm kanti ububanzi buyi-1.5-2 cm. Ama-Sorus asemuva kweshidi ngendlela yamachashazi amancane. Imvamisa zitholakala eceleni kwemiphetho yemithambo.
Amaqabunga e-adiantum aqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo. I-decoction yabo inezakhiwo ezibalulekile kanye ne-bactericidal. Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kwendabuko nakwezemithi.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo
Izinhlobo eziyi-171 zabhaliswa kuhlobo, kepha kuze kube muva nje kuphela kwathengiswa izinhlobo ezingama-2-3 ezitolo zezimbali ezitolo zezimbali. Namuhla, ibanga linwetshiwe kancane. Izinsalela ezaziwa kakhulu Izinwele ze-Adiantum Venus. I-fern rhizome imbozwe ngezikali ezimnyama ezilingana nobude obu-1-2 cm. Ama-Twice-cirrus oblong foliage atholakala ku-petioles 10-15 cm ubude.I-Vaya inobude obuyi-10 cm no-25-40 cm.
I-Adiantum ibunjiwe. Lesi sitshalo sakha isihlahla se-lacy size sibe ngama-60 cm ukuphakama. I-soft vayi bend ku-arc. Ziqukethe ama-lobes aluhlaza okotshani. Unqenqemeni lwamaqabunga luhlakazekile futhi lunwetshwe kaninginingi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zokuhlobisa ama-adiantum frarans. Iyaziwa ngesilinganiso sayo sokukhula okuphezulu nokushaqeka kwamahlamvu amancane avulekile.
I-Adiantum finescent pubescent. Ukubuka okuyi-compact kuze kube yi-50 cm ukuphakama.Kumahlamvu ama-cirrus aphindwe kabili futhi, ama-lobes womunwe ayabonakala. Ubude be-ma-cm angama-15 ukuya ku-22 cm. Izingxenye eziqinile zesimo se-oval zimbozwe ngenqwaba emfushane.
I-Adiantum yinhle. Lesi sitshalo sakha isihlahla esivuthayo esifinyelela kumitha ukuphakama. Amahlamvu anxantathu ngesimo futhi ahlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi ezacile. Amasheya ahlangana ngokuqinile futhi akha umqhele obukhulu obucekeceke.
I-Adiantum imise okwenziwe ngezinso. Isitshalo esingajwayelekile esinamaqabunga amancane anesikhumba kuma-petioles aqondile. Ama-Soruses atholakala endaweni ezungeza ipuleti leqabunga. Ukuphakama kwe-fern yabantu abadala kungama-10-12 cm.
I-Adiantum ekhulayo
Ukukhula i-adiantum ngaphandle kwe-spores kulula kakhulu. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uthole izitshalo eziyishumi ezimbalwa ngesikhathi. Ukuhlwanyelwa kuhlelwe kwentwasahlobo. Okokuqala udinga ukulungiselela i-nursery - ibhokisi elingashisi elinengqimba yokudonsa kanye nomhlabathi we-peat we-disat. Izikhala ezivuthiwe ziklwebulwe ngesipuni kusuka ku-waya kwiphepha. Zomile amasonto ayi-1-2. Ama-spores asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi ngaphandle kokujula. Umhlaba ufafazwa ngamanzi futhi umbozwe ngengilazi. Gcina i-greenhouse ekushiseni kwe + 20 ... + 21 ° C. Nsuku zonke, izithombo zingena umoya futhi zithambile. Ama-Shots awaveli ngokulingana futhi ezinyangeni ezi-1-3. Ama-ferns amancane adinga ukukhanya okukhanya okugqamile. Izitshalo ezikhulile azisadingi indawo yokukhosela. Ziyekisiwe ukuze ibanga phakathi kwe-adiantums lingabi ngaphansi kuka-2,5 cm. Ama-ferns asekhulile adluliselwa endaweni engapheli yezingcezu eziningana.
Ukuze uthole isitshalo esikhulu ngokushesha, ungahlukanisa ihlathi libe izingxenye eziningi. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo, izimpande zikhululwa emhlabathini bese zisikwa ku-Delenki. Ngamunye kufanele abe namaphuzu wokukhula angama-2-3. Izindawo ezisikiwe zifafazwe yikhabhoni eyenziwe yasebenza. Kungcono ukutshala i-fern emhlabathini ngokushesha ukuze i-rhizome ingoma.
Izici Zokufakelwa
I-Adiantum transplantation yenziwa ngoMashi-Ephreli, kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sesiqala ukukhula. I-fern kufanele ikhululwe ku-coma yobumba futhi ihlole izimpande ngokucophelela. Izindawo ezilimele ziyanqunywa. Imbiza kufanele ibe nkulu kuneyangaphambili. Ngaphansi embozwe amanzi, bese kubekwa ingxube yenhlabathi enobuningi ngaphezulu. Yakhiwa ngezinto ezinjalo:
- umhlaba wefudu;
- isihlabathi somfula;
- Peat;
- ishidi lomhlaba.
Lapho ufakelwa, awudingi ukufaka inhlabathi kakhulu ukuze umoya ungene ezimpandeni. Kuyasiza futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ukukhulula ubuso bethambo lobumba.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ngisho nomlimi wokuqalisa angakwazi kahle ukunakekelwa kwe-adiantum ekhaya. Le mbali ingeyezitshalo zasendlini ezingathobeki. Ama-ferns akhetha umthunzi wezihlahla nokukhanya kwelanga. Ngaphansi kwemisebe eqondile, ama-vayas aqala ukoma futhi awe. Izimbiza zibekwa emafasiteleni asenyakatho noma ngemuva kwegumbi. Ehlobo, ungathatha i-adiantum uyise engadini enomthunzi noma ogwini lwechibi. Isitshalo sidinga ukuvikeleka kokubhaliwe nokupholisa ebusuku okubukhali. Ngenxa yomoya ongcolile, ukuthuthukiswa kwefern kuncishiswa kakhulu. Kufanele ivikelwe othulini, intuthu kagwayi namakhemikhali.
I-Adiantum ayikuthandi ukushisa, ihlupheka kakade ku- + 23 ° C. Ebusika, kunconywa ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomoya kancane (kuya ku + 13 ... + 18 ° C). Ukupholisa ngaphansi kuka-10 + C kuyalimaza isitshalo.
I-Adiantum idinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Kungcono ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi ugcine umswakama umanzi, kepha awukwazi ukuzalisa izimpande. Abanye abalimi bathanda ukucwilisa ebhodweni elicwengekileyo emanzini imizuzu eminingana, bese bavumela okungaphezulu kuchithe. Ebusika, lapho kupholisa, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa.
I-Adiantum ikhula kahle endaweni enomswakama. Kunconywa ukufafaza umqhele njalo, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezishisayo. Izimbiza ezine-fern zibekwa eduzane nemifudlana noma ngamachibi. Ngisho ebusika, ukufafaza akuyeki. Ekamelweni elipholile, udinga ukumanzisa i-waiy kancane kaningi ukuze isikhunta singakhuli.
Ehlobo, izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngenyanga, i-adiantum idinga ukuvundiswa. Izithako zamaminerali we-Universal wezitshalo zasendlini zengezelelwa emanzini wokunisela.
UFern akadingi ukwakheka komqhele. Kunconywa kuphela ukususa i-wai eyomile.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Ubunzima obuningi ekunakekeleni i-adiantum buhambisana nokunisela okungajwayelekile kanye nomswakama ophansi. Uma amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi futhi omile, khona-ke umoya osekamelweni womile kakhulu. Ukudonsa amehlo nokuthambisa kukhombisa ukuthambisa okunganele.
Uma ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kwehlela amaqabunga, ayaguquka abe mnyama. Emthunzini, i-fern izobuyisa ngokushesha ukukhanya kwayo kwangaphambili.
Kumaqabunga obucayi ungathola imvelaphi yama-aphid, isikali, ama-mealybugs nezinsana zesigcawu. Ukwelashwa ngama-insecticides kuzosiza ukuqeda izibulala-zinambuzane.
