IPandanus (Pandanus) isitshalo esisebenza kahle somndeni wakwaPandanaceae. Umqhele wawo okhanyayo uqukethe amaqabunga amaningi amade, acwebile. Zihleleke kahle maqondana ne-axis ephakathi, yingakho abatshali bezimbali bebiza futhi imbali ngokuthi "intende yesandla esivulekile." Izwe lasePandanus liyizindawo ezishisayo zase-Afrika, isiqhingi saseMadagascar kanye namahlathi asePolynesia. Ezweni lethu, i-pandanus ikhule njengesihlahla sendlu. Ukuze kutholakale kalula ukunakekelwa, i-pandanus inganconywa abathandi bezimbali be-novice.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Pandanus iyi-evergreen perennial, endaweni yemvelo ingafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-13 m ukuphakama. Isitshalo esivame ukwedlula amamitha ayi-3 ukuphakama. Izimpande eziminyene, eziminyene zingena shí emhlabathini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imbali ayigcinanga ngaphansi komhlaba kuphela, kepha futhi ineniza yomoya.
Phezu kobuso bomhlaba kukhona isiqu esifushane esibushelelezi, esimbozwe ngegxolo elinsundu elikhanyayo. Kucishe kufihlwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamaqabunga angenalutho. Ingaphezulu lihlotshiswe ngomqhele osakazekayo wamaqabunga amaningi abunjiwe ngebhande. Zikhula eceleni kwesiqu endaweni evulekile. Amahlamvu ezansi ahlangana ngokusobala ngokumelene. Iqabunga linombala ophakathi nendawo futhi umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Ubude bophahla bungama-60-120 cm, futhi ububanzi buyi-3-8 cm.Izinsimbi ezimfishane kodwa ezibukhali zitholakala ezinhlangothini zeshidi, nangaphansi komthambo ophakathi nendawo. Akhula engela elibheke emaphethelweni eqabunga.
Emvelweni wemvelo, umuthi wesundu wepanus wepanus ukhiqiza izimbali minyaka yonke. Esihlahleni esisodwa ungathola ama-inflorescence amaduna ngesimo sendlebe nezimbali zezimbali ezinjengezesifazane. Njengomphumela wokuphamba, kwakheka izithelo ezinkulu ezidliwayo, ezifana nepayinili oyindilinga. Zine-ukunambitheka okumnandi okumnandi futhi ziqukethe imbewu ephakathi nendawo. Maye, cishe akunakwenzeka ukufeza izimbali zasendlini ezi-pandanus.
Izinhlobo zePandanus
Uhlobo lwe-pandanus lunezinhlobo ezingama-600 zezitshalo, kodwa iningi lazo lingaba khona endaweni yemvelo kuphela. Phakathi kwamakhophi angaphakathi, okulandelayo aziwa kakhulu:
UPandanus Veitch. Lesi sigaxa saphakade sinesiqu esifushane somuthi. Phansi kuwo, njengokungathi unezimpande ezinezinhlaka ezinohlonze ezansi. Izitshalo zasendlini zikhula kancane, ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi ukuphakama azikho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Amahlamvu we-xiphoid afanela ngokushelela ezansi futhi aphambuka njengomlandeli. Ubude beplani yamaqabunga buyi-60-90 cm nobubanzi obuyi-5-8 cm.Kukhona umucu omhlophe ohlukanisiwe kuhlamvu aluhlaza okhanyayo ezinhlangothini. Emaphethelweni amahlamvu anezinhlayiya ezinsundu ezikhanyayo.
IPandanus iyasiza. Isitshalo esivuthayo siyisihlahla esivuthayo esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3. Isiqu esidala singagatsha. Ingaphezulu lesiqu lihlatshwe umqhele ovunguza wamaqabunga aqandayo. Ubude beqabunga buyi-100-130 cm, futhi ububanzi buyi-5-10 cm. Amahlamvu aluhlaza amnyama anemiphetho kanye ne-keel.
UPandanus Sandera. Amacembe aqinile-enziwe njengebhande angamasentimitha angama-80 ubude nama-cm angama-5. Imigqa emincane ephuzi kanye nezikhala ezi-brownish zitholakala ngasemaphethelweni weqabunga eliluhlaza obumnyama.
Ukucasha kukaPandanus. I-dense shrub efinyelela ku-4 m ukuphakama inesiqu esinezimbali. Isisekelo saso siphakeme ngenxa yezimpande ze-aerial. Umqhele unesimo se-phiramidi futhi uqukethe amaqabunga aqondile aqondile wombala ofanayo.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziphambili, kunezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa, ezikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe i-pandanus ngokubukeka okuthakazelisa kakhulu.
Isihlahla sesundu ekhaya
Abanye abalimi bayakuqaphela ukuqala kwe-pandanus ekhaya. Isizathu salokhu izinkolelo-ze ezingenasisekelo. Basho ukuthi ngameva akhe udonsa amandla amabi. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nabakhulekeli bemikhuba engokomoya abayiqinisekisi le nguqulo.
Ekhaya, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa njengesitshalo esoklwayo, kanye nangobhasikidi obhula. Ngokuhlafuna iqabunga le-pandanus, abantu bendawo balahla izinyo. Ameva abukhali ukuphela kwesizathu sokukhathazeka, ngakho-ke akutuswa ukubeka umuthi wesundu endaweni efinyeleleka yezingane.
Ukuzala
Imbali kaPandanus ingasakazeka ngezindlela zezinhlobo zemifino. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kungenzeka endle kuphela, njengoba imbewu itshalwa ngengxenye yepulpiti ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuthwa.
Ekhaya, isitshalo esisha singatholakala kusuka kwinqubo ezilandelwayo (izingane) noma ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Phansi kwesiqu phakathi kwezimpande zezindiza, amahlumela amasha avela cishe sonke isikhathi. Zinezimpande zazo kanye nokuphuma kwamaqabunga. Lapho inqubo ifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-18-20 cm, ihlukaniswe ngokucophelela ngommese obukhali. Izithombo ezicijile esihlabathini esimanzi nomhlabathi we-peat. Ngemuva kwamaviki angu-1-2, lesi sitshalo siyavumelana futhi siqale ukukhula.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-pandanus azidedeli izingane, ngakho-ke zisakazwa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Kuyadingeka ukusika ingxenye yokuphuma kwamaqabunga ngezimpande zasemoyeni. Indawo yokusikwa ifafazwa ngamalahle achotshoziwe futhi omiswe emoyeni phakathi nosuku. Izithombo ezisikiwe enhlabathini yesihlabathi se-peat ngokufakwa kwe-sphagnum moss. Izithombo kufanele zimbozwe futhi zibekwe egumbini elikhanyiswe kahle elinokushisa komoya kwe + 24 ... + 28 ° C. Zonke izinsuku lo greenhouse ungena umoya futhi umswakama. Ukuqala kwezimpawu kuqeda emavikini angama-4-7.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Imithetho yokunakekela i-pandanus ekhaya ilula. Noma okuqukethwe kukude kakhulu, isitshalo sibukeka kahle futhi sikhula ngosayizi. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kwehluka ebuhleni obukhethekile namaqabunga amakhulu. Ukuthola umqhele osabalalisa, kufanele ulandele imithetho embalwa elula.
I-Pandanus idinga ukukhanya kwemini ende nokukhanya okukhanyayo, ingabekezelela kalula ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Indawo ekahle kungaba ngama windowsill asempumalanga noma asentshonalanga. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, amaqabunga alahlekelwa ukuqina kwawo bese eqala ukudonsa ngaphezulu, ngezindlela ezinhlobonhlobo, umbala ogqamile uyanyamalala. Ebusika, ngokukhanya kosuku olufushane, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-backlight kufanele kusetshenziswe amahora angama-6-8.
Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lesitshalo esidala ngu- + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Ukupholisa ngaphansi kuka-15 + C kuyambulala. Ehlobo, kungakuhle ukuthatha imbali ye-pandanus uye nayo emoyeni omusha, kepha kuzodingeka ukuvikeleka emoyeni ovunguzayo womoya nomoya obandayo. Umuthi wesundu awudingi ukwehla okwenziwe ngamazinga okushisa ebusika.
I-Pandan ayinqabuli umswakama womoya. Kuphendula kahle ngokuhlikihla amapheshana kusuka othulini kanye nokufafazwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Nakekela umuthi wesundu kufanele uqaphele ukuze ungalimali kuma-spikes abukhali. Lapho ufafaza noma ugeza, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi umswakama awuhlali ezinsikeni zamaqabunga, ngaphandle kwalokho ukubola kuzothuthuka.
I-Pandanus idinga ukuthambisa okuningi futhi kuvame, kepha, phakathi kokunisela, inhlabathi kufanele yome ngesigamu. Amanzi wokunisela athathwa ahlanjululwe bese enziwa kancane i-acid. Ukushisa kwalo kufanele kube kububanzi + 25 ... + 30 ° C. Ngokupholisa, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa. Kufanele ugxile esimweni senhlabathi.
NgoMashi-Okthoba, lesi sitshalo sivundiswa ngamakhompiyutha e-liquid amaminerali wezitshalo ezi-deciduous. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufakwa emhlabathini kabili ngenyanga. Kufanele zixovwe kahle ngamanzi ukuze zingashisi i-rhizome.
I-Palma pandanus ine-immune efanelekile ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Ezimweni ezingavamile, amabhu noma izibungu zitholakala esitshalweni. Ama-insecticides asebenzayo (i-Actara, Karbofos) asiza ukubhekana ngokushesha nezinambuzane.
Ukufakelwa
Kunzima ukucabanga ukunakekelwa okufanele kwe-pandanus ngaphandle kokufakelwa okujwayelekile. Ekhaya, kwenziwa kancane, ngoba izimpande zasemoyeni nezingaphansi komhlaba zesitshalo zintekenteke impela. Isitshalo siyatshalwa lapho izimpande zisimboza ngokuphelele inhlama yobumba. Imbiza ikhethwe ngokujule, amasentimitha ambalwa ububanzi kunangaphambili. Isendlalelo sokudonsa kufanele sibe cishe ingxenye yesithathu yethangi. Inhlabathi ye-pandanus kufanele ibe lula futhi ibe nokusabela okuncane. Kuqukethe:
- inhlabathi eqinile;
- humus;
- inhlabathi enodaka;
- isihlabathi somfula.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngokudluliselwa kwengqondo. Musa ukujula isundu kakhulu. Izimpande zasemoyeni kufanele zihlale ebusweni. Ukunakekelwa kumele kuthathwe ukuze ungabephuli.
