Katarantus - ukutshala, ukukhulisa nokunakekela ekhaya, isithombe

ICatharanthus, noma “imbali engenasici,” iyimbali e-semi-shrub ehlala njalo noma imbali ebunjiwe yomndeni wama-Apocynaceaelikhula emazweni amaningi anesimo sezulu esishisayo. Kukholelwa ukuthi izwe laseCatharanthus, isiqhingi saseMadagascar, lapho lisakazeke khona kakhulu. Isikhathi eside kwakutholakala ngezinhlobo zezimbali ezipinki ze-pink periwinkle, futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 i-genus Katarantusov yaqokwa.

8 zezinhlobo zawo ziyaziwa. Izinhlobo zasendlini zinokuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwangama-60 futhi zikhule ngesiko langemuva. Emhlabathini ovulekile, atshalwa njengonyaka. Amaqabunga amaqabunga alesi sitshalo abumbeke njengokwakheka, okulingana kuwo (kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-8 cm), kunesikhumba, esinendawo ephakathi nendawo, eluhlaza obumnyama.

Ama-petioles emaqabunga awekho. Iziqu zibushelelezi, ziqondile, zinamathele phezulu, zinikeze amahlumela amaningi, zipendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma opinki. Uhlelo lwezimpande lunamandla, luhlobo lwenduku.

Qiniseka ukuthi unaka imbali enhle yebhalsamu ebanzi.

Izici eziwusizo

Ngaphandle kokuthi zonke izitho zesitshalo zinobuthi, ikataractus ibilokhu isetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo emithini yesintu, nasezimeni zanamuhla, nakwezokwelapha eziqeqeshiwe. Ijusi liqukethe izinto eziphila ngokusebenza - ama-alkaloid, ayingxenye yezidakamizwa eziningi. Uma isetshenziswa kahle ngaphansi kokubhekwa ngudokotela, yile:

• ushukela wegazi ophansi;
• zinezindawo ezilwa nomdlavuza, zinciphise usayizi wezimila nama-polyps;
• welapha amanxeba nezilonda, izifo zesikhumba;
• phatha izifo zokuphefumula, izifo zomlomo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Izici zokukhula ekhaya. Kafushane

Lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba, kepha ukubukeka okumangazayo nokuqhakaza okude kwe-catharanthus, kufanele kunikezwe imibandela ethile:

Nakekela i-catharanthus ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Izimbali

Izimbali ezisebenzayo ziqala ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Emajumeni amaqabunga, kuqhakaza izimbali ezingashadile noma kuqoqwe ezimbili noma ezintathu kuma-inflorescence. Zitholakala ikakhulu engxenyeni engenhla yamahlumela futhi esimweni sezulu esifudumele zakha isigqoko sezimbali esithandekayo. I-Cataranthus yasendlini ingaqhakaza ebusika, kepha kuzoba nezinhlamvu ezincane kakhulu.

Imbali ye-catharanthus inezinhlamvu ezinhlanu ezine-corolla eyisicaba kanye nama-anthers aphuzi akhanyayo abheke ngaphandle kweshubhu elincane. Ubukhulu bentyatyambo ububanzi bungafinyelela ku-5 cm. Umbala wamacici wehlukahluka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi i-monophonic. Izinhlobo eziningi maphakathi nembali zineso elincane lombala ohlukile. Izimbali cishe zinamakha.

Njengomphumela wokukhulelwa, kwakhiwa amapheshana abunjwe ngesikela, anama-10 amakhulu aqukethe imbewu efanelekile ukusakazeka.

Imodi yokushisa

Ehlobo, uzizwa kahle ngebanga lokushisa elibanzi - ukusuka ku-+18 kuya ku-28 ° C. Isimo sezulu esishisayo, siyadingeka ukugcina umswakama ophezulu ukuze ukubonakala kwamaqabunga kungonakali.

Ebusika, umbuso wamazinga okushisa wehliselwa ku-+13 ° C.

Ukufafaza

Ukuqinisekisa umswakama owanele, isitshalo se-catharanthus sifafazwa njalo ekhaya sisuka ethomizer encane yedrophu enamanzi afudumele, ahlanziwe. Isimo sezulu esishisayo, ukufafaza kungaphindwa naphakathi nosuku. Ngomswakama owanele kanye nokushisa okuphansi ngokufafaza, kusifanele isikhathi.

Isibani

Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga, ekhaya Catharanthus ngeke unikeze izimbali eziningi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, imbali ikhula ezindaweni ezinokhanyayo noma esithunzini esikhanyayo esincane. Izitshalo zasendlini ziqukethe amafasitela asentshonalanga, asempumalanga noma aseningizimu, lapho umithunzi ngezikhathi zomsebenzi welanga elisebenza kakhulu. Ngokuphefumula okwanele, umsebenzi we-solar awusilimazi isitshalo.

Ukunisela

Gcina umhlabathi usesimweni esihle sokuswakama. Ukunisela kufanele kube kaningi futhi kuningi. Kodwa-ke, ukuzimuka kwamanzi kuyingozi, kanye nokuma ngaphandle kwenhlabathi. Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, kuyadingeka ukukhulula i-pan emanzini amaningi, ukuhlinzeka umoya omncane egumbini.

Ukuze wandise umswakama, ibhodwe lifakwa esikhwameni ngamatshe amanzi noma isitsha esinamanzi sibekwa eduze kwaso.

Imbiza

Njengoba kunikezwe ukukhula okusheshayo kwembali nobude bohlelo lwezimpande, olufinyelela ku-30-35 cm, isikhundla sokutshala sikhethwe sikhulu ngokwanele futhi sijulile. Uma imbiza incane, isikhashana, izimpande zisakazeka kulo lonke ivolumu nokukhula kwesitshalo kuzoncipha. Ekufakweni okulandelayo, ubukhulu bebhodwe ubukhulu bungama-4-5 cm ubukhulu kunalowo owedlule.

Okufuneka kuqala ukuthi kube khona izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.

Inhlabathi

Ukuze kutshalwe i-catharanthus, inhlabathi evundile enomsoco, evulekile, enamanzi amaningi iyadingeka. I-Soddy, umhlaba onamaqabunga kanye ne-peat kuxutshwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo kanye nesihlabathi esihlanganayo noma i-perlite iyangezwa. Ungasebenzisa ingxube ye-peat, humus nesihlabathi. Ngaphansi kwembiza kumbozwe ngezinsimbi ezi-2-3 zamanzi akhona.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo nokuqhakaza, i-cataractus idinga ukondliwa okuqhubekayo okungenani izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngenyanga. Amakati waminyaka yonke ayondla njalo ngesonto. Ukuqhakaza okumude nokuningi kuqinisekiswa ngemithamo eyanele yomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium. Ngokuntuleka kokudla okunamaminerali, izimbali ziyobe zinqabile noma zingaqali nakancane.

Ungasebenzisa izondlamzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimbali ezifuywayo eziqhamukayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthola ama-roses. Ama-fertilizer asetshenziswa kwifomu encibilikisiwe ngokuya ngezincomo zomenzi futhi ahlanganiswe nokunisela.

Ukunaka! Ngemuva kokufaka izitshalo, ukugqoka kokuqala kokuqala kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14.

Ukufakelwa kweCatharanthus

Amabhasi akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, uhlelo lwezimpande luthatha ngokuphelele umthamo webhodwe, okuholela ekungondleki kahle. Isitshalo somuthi sinconywa ukuthi sithathelwe indawo yonke intwasahlobo futhi singasasebenzi iminyaka engaphezulu kwengu-2-3.

Ukufakelwa Catharanthus eyenziwe ngendlela yokudlulisela kwisikhundla esikhululekile. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngokucophelela, ngakho-ke isitshalo siphendula ngobuhlungu kumonakalo ohlelweni lwezimpande. Izimpande zibekwe phezu kwalo lonke ukujula kwembiza bese ufafaza izindawo zamahhala ngenhlabathi.

Ungasika kanjani i-catharanthus?

Ukuze ulondoloze ukubukeka kokuhlobisa okuhlanzekile kwesihlahla, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuthenwa kwentwasahlobo kweziqu zaso eziphakeme ngengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yobude bawo. Ngale ndlela, lesi sitshalo sinikezwa ukwakheka okufiswayo futhi savuswa njengegatsha le-lateral. Ngezikhathi ezithile yenza ukususwa kwezingxenye zezitshalo ezomile nezonakalisiwe. Amahlumela amadala asikwa ngommese obukhali ocijile, amancanyana abekwa ngesandla.

Isikhathi sokuphumula

Isimo sesitshalo sincike ku-microclimate esegumbini. Ukuze ulondoloze isihlahla sangemuva kokuqhakaza okuningi ngonyaka olandelayo, sigcinwa emazingeni okushisa angama-12-16 ° C bese sinciphise inani lokunisela okungenani.

Ukunaka! Uma ingekho indlela yokwehlisa izinga lokushisa, lesi sitshalo sizoqhubeka sikhule bese isibani esingeziwe sikhanyiswe ngosuku olufushane ukuze amahlumela angaluli kakhulu.

Katarantus ebusika

Izinhlobo zonyaka kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhula ziqukethe izimo ezithandeka kakhulu, ezifudumele ngokukhanya okuhle. Imbali izoqhubeka nokujabulisa ingxenye ebandayo yobusika, emva kwalokho ilahlwe. Imbumbulu ye-catharanthus emide evela embhedeni wezimbali inqunywa ibe ngu-2/3 ubude bayo, uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande lubekwe ebhodweni lamahhala, futhi limbozwe ngomhlaba. Isitsha sigcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezipholile kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ekushiseni komoya okungu-18 ° C, lesi sitshalo siphinde sitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.

Khula Catharanthus kusuka kuSeed

Ukuhluma, kusetshenziswa isitsha esingajulile esigcwalisiwe ngenhlabathi emanzi. Izinto zokwakha kanye nembewu zisasakazwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Imbewu ibekwa phezu komhlaba bese ifafazwa ngosoqweqwe oluncanyana lomhlabathi. Mboza ngefilimu, isembozo noma ingilazi esobala, kuze kube yilapho imbewu ipakiwe, shiya endaweni efudumele (+ 22-25 ° C), endaweni emnyama.

Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, isitsha sidluliselwa endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle futhi sigcine umswakama ofanele. Esigabeni sokuqala, ingxenye esemoyeni yezithombo ikhula kancane, kanti impande - kakhulu. Esigabeni samaqabunga amabili eqiniso, izithombo zingena ezimbizeni.

Musa ukufika sekwephuzile ngokukha izithombo, ngoba uhlelo olukhulu kakhulu lwezimpande lungalimala ngesikhathi sokufakelwa.

Ukusakazwa kwe-catharanthus ngokusika

Ekusakazweni kokukhula, kusetshenziselwa ukusikwa, ukusikwa kusuka phezulu amahlumela aluhlaza noma ngezinqubo ezintsha zamuva. Ubukhulu bawo bungasukela ku-5 kuye ku-10cm. I-shank kufanele ibe nama-internode angama-2-3. Izinto zokutshala zivunwa ngesikhathi sokuthena kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla naphakathi nokwakhiwa kwesihlahla. Izimpawu zokusika ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Zijule ngu-2-3 cm enhlabathini enomswakama, ehlanganisiwe. Faka isitsha ngaphansi kwefilimu bese uyifaka endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle. Gcina umswakama, izinga lokushisa + 22-25 ° C futhi ujwayele ukubamba ukushisa. Lapho nje isitshalo siqala ukukhula, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa.
• Engilazini enamanzi abilisiwe, engeza amaconsi ambalwa esikhumbuzo sokukhula bese ubeka isiqu ukuze i-internode eyodwa ihlale isemanzini. Ingilazi ishiywe endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo, igcina izinga lamanzi kuze kube yilapho izimpande zakheka.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

I-Katarantus imelana impela nezimo ezikhulayo zembali, kepha uma ngabe ukuphulwa kwemingcele efanelekile, izimfanelo zokuhlobisa nezimbali kukhubazeka kakhulu:

• Amacembe asemasha ayawa kwenzeka ngokuchelela okungandile, okunganele, kanye nezimo zokukhanya eziphansi namazinga okushisa aphansi.
• Izindawo ezimnyama nama-tubercles ziba ngamaqabunga. ngenxa yesifo sokugqwala. Akhiwe phezulu kwesihlahla seqabunga. Phansi, mhlawumbe ukubonakala kwama-pustule. Izimo zokuthuthukisa ukugqwala zakhiwa ngokugcwala kwamanzi kwenhlabathi, umswakama omkhulu kakhulu, lapho kungenwa umoya ophansi kanye nezinhlaka.
• Amacembe aphenduka aphuzi futhi awa. Imbangela ingaba wumsebenzi we-solar ngokweqile. Kwanele ukususa imbali yezimbali efasiteleni noma ukumboza izimpumputhe ukulungisa isimo.
• Amathiphu amaqabunga aphuzi Catharanthus kaningi, uma kungenjalo umswakama ophezulu ngokwanele egumbini. Ngesikhathi sokushisa, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa zonke izindlela ezingaba khona zokuthambisa.
• Isiqinisekiso blooms kabi ngokukhanya okuphansi kanye nokushisa okuphansi. Ukuhambisa imbiza egumbini elifudumele nelikhanyayo elinomswakama olinganisile kuzosilungisa lesi simo.
• Amacembe aphansi ayawa lapho ukuguga kwabo kwemvelo kwenzeka. Ukuze amaqabunga aphelelwe isikhathi angonakalisi ukubukeka kokuhlobisa, ahlanzwa njalo.
• Amacembe aphenduka aphuzi bese isitshalo siyeka ukuqhakaza lapho uhlelo lwezimpande lugcwalisa imbiza ngokuphelele futhi inhlabathi incishisiwe. Izimpande ziyavela ngisho naseziseleni zokudonsa. Lesi sitshalo sinondlekile futhi sidinga ukufakelwa.

Ngezikhathi ezithile ezilinyazwa ama-thrips noma izinambuzane ezikalwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezimo zokuswakama okunganele. Ekamelweni elimanzi ngokweqile, ama-aphid angavela aphakela ubisi lwesitshalo.

Izinhlobo ze-catharanthus yasekhaya enezithombe namagama

Uhlobo lweCatharanthus aluningi kakhulu. Inezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili eziphambili nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa, okuyizinto ezingahlanzekiyo ezihlangene. Njengomphumela womsebenzi wokuzalela, kwatholakala izitshalo ezibukekayo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-Catharanthus pink, ezinezimbali zazo zonke izinhlobo zemithunzi.

UCatharahus pink (uCatharanthus roseus)

Inezinhlobonhlobo zemithunzi yama-petals apinki. Amehlo aphuzi noma okusajingijolo. Emazingeni okushisa amahle nokuqhakaza kokuqhakaza unyaka wonke.

I-Katarantus ampelous (i-Cascade)

Ide, ifike ku-1.5 m yehlela ezansi kwesishayo, lonke ubude bayo bufakwe ngezimbali ezibomvu ezivela emacansini amaqabunga aluhlaza.

I-Aristocrat

Amahlumela akha umqhele oyindilinga. Ukuqhakaza okukhulu kwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Izimbali zikhulu, zineso elihlukile. Imibala yamaphalishi isuka komhlophe iye kobomvu.

I-Pacific (Pacifica)

Umqhele wesihlahla uphansi, ubumbene. Izimbali aziningi kakhulu, kepha izimbali ezinkulu zibukeka zimangalisa ngamaqabunga amakhulu aqhakazile. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, maphakathi imbali ihlotshiswe ngamehlo ahlukile. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zePacific:

• I-Burgundy

• I-Epticott

• Okumhlophe

Ukuqabula kuqala

Ukuma kwesihlahla kucylindrical, ukuphakama kufike ku-40cm. Amaqabunga aphakeme, luhlaza okotshani. Izimbali zikhulu, ama-petals angaba nemithunzi ehlukene epinki. I-peephole - umbala ogcwele ukufanisa amacembe.