I-Cyclamen noma i-dryakva iyisitshalo esihlala isikhathi eside esiyi-herbaceous ye-subiramily Mirsinovye, imindeni ye-Primula. Indawo yokuzalwa yembali ibhekwa njengogwini lwaseMedithera, e-Asia Minor naseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika. Izinhlobo ze-cyclamens zinamagama ahlukene, okuxhomeke endaweni lapho imbali ikhula khona. Sizoxoxa ngamanye wabo ngokuningiliziwe.
IsiPheresiya
I-Cyclamen ipassian (Cyclamen persicum) - isitshalo esasakazeka emazweni athile ase-Asia, e-Afrika nase-Western Europe (eSudan, e-Ethiopia, e-Italy, eCyprus nase-Iran).
Loluhlobo lwe-cyclamen ludla kahle emazweni anewokushisa okubandayo, ngokwesibonelo, enyakatho ye-Italy, ngisho nezimbali ezinbusika.
Uyazi? Abahlengikazi basendulo basebenzisa i-Persian dryaku ukuze baphathe isifo se-sinusitis, i-rheumatism, nezifo zesistimu eziphakathi. Futhi, le mbali yayisetshenziswa njenge-antidote yezinyoka ezihlabayo.I-bloom isitshalo cishe yonke inkathi yezimila. Ezinye izinhlobo zichitha amaqabunga azo ehlobo. Nasi nje inkathi ekhulayo yamaPheresiya eyomile ihlala 3-4 izinyangafuthi lonke isikhathi lembali iyisigaba sokukhula esingasebenzi.
Amaqabunga ase-Persian dryak afana nenhliziyo, umbala uhlaza okomnyama, futhi kukhona iphethini elimhlophe elimhlophe. Amapetali afika ngemibala ehlukene: obomvu, omhlophe, obomvu nokubomvu.Lesi sitshalo sigcina izinto eziningi eziphilayo nezimbiwa ku-tuber yayo. Phakathi nesigaba esingasebenzi, sondla kulezi zinto. Endle, uma ivimba ebusika, indaba ephilayo iyadingeka ikakhulukazi.
Abalimi besiDashi baletha inqwaba yezinhlamvu zesi-Persian cyclamen. Ama-hybrid ane isikhathi eside sokwembali.
Isikhathi eside sesibhakabhaka siphinde sibheke ezitshalweni ezifana noZinia, Viola, Clematis, Airchizon, Pyrethrum, Opuntia.Futhi, ososayensi baye banakekela imibala ye-dryakva. Isibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-Cyclamen Persian macro lunemibala engu-18. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imbali ikhulu futhi ikhula kakhulu.
European
Izitshalo I-cyclamen yaseYurophu (ukuxuba) kuyenzeka emazweni aseCentral Europe (enyakatho ye-Italy, eSlovenia, eMakedoniya). 
It is plant herbaceous evergreen ene-flat-tuber (ihlelwe kancane nephuzu elilodwa lokukhula). Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, i-tuber yembali ikhubazekile futhi inika izinqubo ezinzima ezinamaphuzu okukhula.
Amaqabunga alezi zinhlobo yi-basal eyomile ngombala wesiliva-oluhlaza. Unomumo ohlotshiswe enhliziyweni ngesiphuzu esicacile kanye nomswakama owenziwe kancane.
I-underside yamaqabunga i-purple-green. Izimbali ezinhlanu ezifakiwe, zodwa, ezinama-peduncles ende kakhulu. Amakhemikhali ayesimo se-oval futhi aphikisiwe kancane. Ukuzikhethela kwe-European dryakva kuyiphunga elibukhali nelinomsoco.
Uyazi? Enye yezinhlobo ze-European dryak-purpurascens, inemibala enhle kakhulu enombala obomvu noma obomvu-pink. Ehunyushwe kusuka kwisiLatini, igama elithi "purpurascens" lisho "ukuguquka".
Izimbali ziyaqhubeka phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo - kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Ukubala imibala kuhlukile: ukukhanya okubomvu, pink ephaphathekile, obomvu obugqamile, obomvu nokubomvu. 
Ababelethi baye bathola izinhlobo eziningana ze-cyclamen yaseYurophu, ehluke esikhathini sokumbali kanye nombala wezimbali.
Kubalimi abaningi, izinhlobo ezinjalo zithandwa: i-purpurascens (izimbali ezibomvu-pink), i-carmineolineatum (izimbali ezimhlophe), i-lake garda (izimbali ezimhlophe), i-albhamu (izimbali ezimhlophe).
Afrika
I-Cyclamen ihlukaniswe ngohlobo lwezinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlobo ze-subspecies (izinhlobo), kodwa enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezidumilei-african.
Ama-shrub aseTunisia nase-Algeria abhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yama-dryas ase-Afrika. Ngokusho incazelo ye-botanical, lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo zifana ne-ivy cyclamen. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-cyclamen yase-Afrika: i-diploid ne-tetraploid. 
Ifomu le-diploid le-dryak lase-Afrika linamaqabunga amancane anezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-petioles nezimbali ezinomsoco. Ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa ifomu le-diploid ye-cyclamen yase-Afrika.
Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo aphethwe yinhliziyo. Umbala uyisiliva-oluhlaza. Amaqabunga e-African dryak akhula ngokuqondile kusuka ku-tuber, efinyelela ubude 15 cm.
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zalezi zinhlobo zezitshalo kusuka ku-ivy cyclamen. I-plant blooms kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, futhi amaqabunga amancane aqala ukuvela ngo-September-Novemba kuphela.
Umbala wezimbali ze-cyclamen zase-Afrika uhluka kusuka ebomvu ophuzi kuze kube pink pink.
Kubalulekile! I-Dryakva iqukethe izinto ezinobuthi ezinja nezinja.
Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo luyesaba amaqhwa amaqhwa, ngakho-ke, kudinga indawo yokukhosela ekhethekile. Ilanga elifudumele lelanga libuye libekezeleleke (hhayi ngeze eNyakatho Afrika, litholakala kuphela ehlathini, lapho kunomthunzi omningi).
Izimila ezingakubekezeli ukushisa: u-begonia, i-streptokarpus, i-heather, i-muraya, i-ampelous petunia, igumbi le-fern, i-cypress.I-dryak yase-Afrika ibonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo nokuthuthukiswa uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amalungu eMirsinovye. Phakathi nesikhathi lapho isitshalo sishiya amaqabunga, sidinga ukupholisa (cishe 15ºС) nendawo eyomile.
I-Alpine
I-Alpine Cyclamen unemlando engacacile. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, uCyclamen alpinum watholakala futhi wabhalwa njengesitshalo seMirsinovye encane. 
Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye izitshalo emkhakheni zanyamalala, kwaze kwaba ngo-1956 i-Alpine Dryakva yayibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezingapheli. I-epithet "alpinum" isetshenziswe isikhathi eside ngokumelene ne-cyclamen intaminatium.
Kwakukhona ukudideka okuthile ngokwemibandela, aba botan wanquma ukuletha igama elisha le-alpine dryakva - cyclamen trochotherapy. Leli gama lisasetshenziswa namuhla ngabososayensi abaningi, nakuba ekuqaleni kwama-60s Davis baqinisekisa ukuthi uCyclamen alpinum akazange aphele.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2000, izindiza ezingu-3 zathunyelwa ukutadisha lolu hlobo lwe-dryak. Amalungu okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe aqinisekisa ukuthi i-alpine cyclamen ikhula endle kuze kube yilolu suku.
Uyazi? Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, kwakukholelwa ukuthi ekuzalweni okuphumelelayo owesifazane okhulelwe kwakudingeka agqoke imbali ye-cyclamen njengesihlobiso.
Umehluko omkhulu walolu hlobo lwesitshalo yi-angle yama-flower petals (90º kunokujwayelekile 180º). Amacembe aphikisiwe kancane futhi abukeke njenge-propeller. 
Umbala wezinhlayiyana uhluka kusuka ku-carmine-pink kuya ku-pink ephuzile ngebala elibomvu-elibomvu ngaphansi kwesilwane ngasinye.
Iphunga elimnandi lembali lihle kakhulu futhi lilula, likhumbuza iphunga lojuju olusha. Amaqabunga e-alpine dryak oval shape kanye nombala owuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-Colchis (i-Pontic)
Izintaba zaseCaucasus zibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yalezi zitshalo. I-Colchis dryas futhi ubizwa ngokuthi i-pontic, i-caucasian noma i-abkhazian.
Ekhaya, likhula kusukela ngoJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, endle - kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba kuya ku-Okthoba. Kuvame ukutholakala ezintabeni ekuphakameni kuka-300-800 m phakathi kwezimpande zemithi. 
Izimbali ze-Ponk dryak zivela ndawonye namaqabunga. Amapetalini aqoshiwe embala omnyama obomvu (omnyama emaphethelweni), abe nesimo se-elliptical, egobile kancane, 10-16 mm ubude.
I-tuber phezu kwendawo yonke ibhekwe izimpande. Lesi sitshalo sithanda indawo enomthunzi enhlabathini enomanzi. Imbali ikhula kancane kancane, kodwa iphunga elimnandi futhi elimnandi. Ukuvuthwa kwembewu kuthatha unyaka wonke.
I-orchid, i-geranium, i-primula, i-arrowroot, i-ivy yangaphakathi, i-asplenium, i-chervil ikhetha indawo ye-shady.Ngenxa yeqoqo elikhulu le-Colchian cyclamen njengezimbali nezixhobo zokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, kusanda kubhalwe ohlwini lwe-Red Book.
Okwamanje, inani lalezi zinhlobo namanje likhulu kakhulu, kodwa ama-botanists athi liyancipha njalo ngonyaka.
IsiGreki
I-Greek Dryakva itholakala enyakatho yeGreece, iziqhingi zaseRhodes, eCyprus, eKrethe nasezintabeni zaseTurkey. Kubonakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-1200 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ikhula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi nezimanzi.
Kubalulekile! Idatha yemlando ithi i-cyclamen yavela okokuqala eFrance ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVI, bese isakazwa emazweni amaningi eNtshonalanga naseYurophu Ephakathi.
Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo anamafomu ahlukahlukene kakhulu: kusukela ekuhloseni kwenhliziyo nokuphela nge-oval.
Umbala weqabunga uhluka kusuka eluhlaza obumnyama kuze kufike ekukhanyeni i-lime ngezindawo ezihlukile ezikhilimu noma ezimpunga ezikhanyayo. 
Izimbali ze-cyclamen yesiGreki zivele ngaphambi kwamacembe, noma nazo. Umbala we-flower uhluka kusuka ephuzi elibomvu kuya ku-carmine-pink. Ngaphansi kwabo ungabona izindawo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo.
Ngo-1980, i-subspecies engavamile ye-Greek dryak enezimbali ezimhlophe itholakala enhlonhlweni yasePeponponnese; ibhalwe ohlwini lweBlack Book.
Kossky
E-Aegean Sea kukhona isiqhingi esithile saseKos, esihlonishwayo ngalezi zinhlobo ze-cyclamen. Lesi sitshalo sitholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme nezintaba zaseBulgaria, eGeorgia, eLebhanoni, eSiriya, eTurkey, e-Ukraine nase-Iran.
Uyazi? I-Cyclamen rollsianum ibhekwa njengesitshalo esihle kakhulu futhi esibucayi salezi zinhlobo. Yatholwa kuqala ezintabeni zaseLebanon ngo-1895.
Blooms Koska dryakva ebusika sekwephuzile noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Amahlamvu avela ekuwa kwekwephuzile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ebusika. 
Kuncike ekulimeni, amahlamvu angaba yinhlamvu eluhlaza noma emnyama. Umbala wezimbali uhlukile: pink, obomvu, obomvu, omhlophe.
Izisekelo zezintambo zihlale zimibalabala. Lolu hlobo lwembali lubonakala ngezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinezimpande ezikhula kuphela kusuka phansi.
Kunamaphethini athile ngobukhulu bezimbali, izinguquko embala wezilwane kanye nokuma kwamaqabunga: izimbali ezikhanyayo ezibomvu namaqabunga afana nezimbali ezivela ezeningizimu yeLebhanoni neSiriya, izimbali ezikhanyayo ezibomvu ezibonakalayo zohlulamen ezisuka ogwini olusenyakatho yeTurkey, ngokuqhubekayo empumalanga amaqabunga aya futhi izimbali zikhulu.
Amaqabunga aphethwe yinhliziyo anezimbali ezinkulu ayaziwa ezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-Iran nase-Azerbaijan.
I-Cyprus
Cyclamen Cypriot - Enye yezinhlobo ezintathu zezitshalo zeMirsinovye encane, ezitholakala esiqhingini saseCyprus. Ngokuvame ukubonwa ezintabeni zaseKyrenia naseTroodos endaweni ephakeme ye-100-1100 m ngaphezu kwezilwandle.
Ikhula emhlabathini wetshe ezindaweni eziphansi noma ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Isitshalo esingapheli, ukuphakama 8-16 cm. 
Izimbali zaseCypriot dryakva ezibomvu zombala noma umbala omhlophe ezinephunga elimnandi lomuncu. Amagundane ama-purple noma ama-purple ahlonishwa phansi kwama-petals.
Kubalulekile! I-Indoor cyclamen ithanda umoya ohlanzekile, intuthu kagwayi izobhubhisa lesi sitshalo.
Amahlamvu anenhliziyo. Umbala uhluka kusuka eluhlaza obumnyama kuya komnqumo. I-Cyclamen Cyclamen iqhuma kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuze kube sekupheleni kwebusika. Lembali ibonisa iKhupro. Njengoba isitshalo sokuhlobisa sikhula emazweni amaningi emhlabeni.
I-Neapolitan (ile)
I-Neapolitan Cyclamen - Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zalesi sitshalo ezweni lethu. Abalimi abaningi bayabiza lembali "Neapolitan", futhi emibuthanweni yesayensi ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi "ivy". 
Igama lokuqala (i-cyclamen hederifolium) litholakala ngo-1789, kanti lesibili (i-cyclamen neapolitanum) ngo-1813. Kwezinye izikhungo zensimu ngaphansi kwesimo se-Neapolitan cyclamen ungathengisa iYurophu, ubhekisela eqinisweni ukuthi yi-subspecies cyclamen neapolitanum.
Ukuze ungawa ngobuqili bomthengisi, udinga ukwazi incazelo ye-botanical ye-blisters ye-ivy.
Indawo yokuzalwa yembali ibhekwa njengogwini lweMedithera (kusukela eFrance kuya eTurkey). I-Dryakva ne-Neapolitan ibhekwa njengenhlobo engavumelani kakhulu ne-cyclamen.
Emazweni aseningizimu yeYurophu, le mbali isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amapaki. Emkhakheni wezwe lakithi, ama-dryer e-leafy dryers asetshenziswa njengesiko langaphakathi.
Uyazi? Enye yezinkulungwane zekhulu le-XVIII kunegama elihle le-cyclamen - "ingulube yesinkwa". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaleso sikhathi izingulube zondliwa ngesitshalo sezinkuni.
Igama elithi "Cyclamen Ivy" latholakala ngesitshalo seqabunga: lugcwele, luhlaza, lunemibala encane, njenge-ivy. 
Ukuma kwembali kufana kakhulu ne-European cyclamen flower, kodwa kukhona umehluko omkhulu: I-Neapolitan dryakva ihlukile kwezinye izimpondo ezincane ezisezingeni eliphansi.
Uhlelo lwempande lwesitshalo lungaphandle, futhi izimbali ziwumbala owodwa - pink. Noma kunjalo, ngenhloso yokuhlobisa, abalimi baye bathola ama-subspecies amaningi ale mbali.
Ezinye izitshalo zinesayizi encane kakhulu (isitshalo), isikhathi esiqhakazayo ngoDisemba-Mashi, iphunga elimnandi kakhulu elimnandi lezimbali kanye nombala wamacembe.
