ICrocosmia isitshalo esinotshani esinotshani obuqhamuka emndenini wakwaKasatikov. Kwakha amathanga aluhlaza obukhulu, okuqhakaza phezu kwawo okugqamile noma okuqhakaza ama-inflorescence. Igama lisho ukuthi "iphunga lesaffron", yindlela izimbali ezomisiwe ezinuka ngayo. Lesi sitshalo saziwa nangamagama montbrecia, tritonia, noma gladiolus waseJapan. ICrocosmia iyikhaya lezingxenye zaseNingizimu Afrika. Amathanga alo acwebezelayo ahambisana kahle nokuhlelwa kwezimbali engadini, futhi ama-inflorescence asikiwe ayohlala emvodini isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Crocosmia ingunda olunotshani obukhulu. Ubude besitshalo bungahluka kusuka ku-40 cm kuya ku-1 m. Uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande luqukethe ama-corms, akhula ngamaqoqo amakhulu. I-corm ngayinye imbozwe ngezendlalelo eziningana zemisebe yolwelwesi. Isiqu esihlotshisiwe sizungezwe irosette efana ne-rosette efana ne-xiphoid noma amahlamvu aqondile. Ubude bamaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile angamasentimitha angama-40-60, agobeke eceleni kwethambo eliphakathi nendawo noma abe nendawo ethambile.
Emagatsheni aqukethe, aqine, aqine, aqine ama-inflorescence inflorescence. Bavela ngoJulayi futhi bahlala kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Imbali ngayinye inesimo senkanyezi enamakhomba amahlanu. Ububanzi be-corolla evulekile buyi-3-5 cm. Amaphara apendwe ngombala obomvu, owolintshi noma ophuzi. Isixha sezingcweti ezinde eziphuzi siphuma phakathi nendawo. Ama-buds e-peduncle avuleke nawo, ukusuka kwisisekelo kuya emaphethelweni.
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu ngesikhathi se-crocosmia sokuvuthwa kwembewu. Zitholakala emabhokisini embewu amancane ayindilinga futhi zinombala wewolintshi.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-crocosmia
Kuhlobo lwe-crocosmia, kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50 kanye nezinhlobo eziningana ze-hybrid.
I-Crocosmia iyigolide. Isitshalo eside esingama-50-80 cm ezansi sine-rosette enjenge-fan yamahlamvu aluhlaza aqhakazile aluhlaza. Izimbali ziqala ngoJulayi, lapho amakhekhe anama-elemidi aphuzi-e-orange evuleka esiqwini. Kuthunyelwe eSouth Africa, kwethulwa eYurophu maphakathi nekhulu le-XIX.
I-Crocosmia Massonorum. Isitshalo simelana kahle nesithwathwa. Isihlahla siqukethe irosette lamaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakaze ubulu kanye nokuhamba okude, okuvulekile. Kuzo zihlelwe kahle izimbali ezincane eziphuzi ezisawolintshi.
ICrocus Cosmos. Ikhula emarands emasimini ase-Afrika. Amahlamvu mancane futhi abushelelezi. Kuma-inflorescence kunezimbali eziningi ezincane zewolintshi.
Njengomphumela womsebenzi wabafuyi bezitshalo, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ezihlotshiswe kakhulu ze-montbrecia zazalwa:
- I-Crocosmia Lucifer - isitshalo esinezimpande eziphakeme (ezifika ku-1,5 m) nama-peduncle aqondile, okuqhakaza izimbali ezibomvu lapho kuqhakaza;
I-Crocosmia Lucifer - Emily Mackenzie - Ama-inflorescence ane-buds e-orange-brown aqhakaza esihlahleni esingama-60 cm ukuphakama;
Emily Mackenzie - Inkosi ebomvu - Izimbali ezinkulu ezibomvu ezikhanyayo nebala lewolintshi enkabeni zitholakala kuma-inflorescence;
Inkosi ebomvu - Inkosikazi kaTangerine - Izimbali ezinkulu ezi-orange eziqhakazayo ziqhakaza esihlahleni ukuya kufinyelela ku-1,2 m ukuphakama;
Inkosikazi kaTangerine - ICitronella - isitshalo simbozwe nge-lime e-inflorescence ephuzi;
ICitronella - Inkanyezi YaseMpumalanga - inhlobonhlobo ye-thermophilic enezimbali ezinkulu (10-12 cm) izimbali ze-apricot-orange;
Inkanyezi YaseMpumalanga - UGeorge Davidson - isihlahla esinamaqabunga aluhlaza obumnyama 60-70 cm ukuphakama nama-amber inflorescence.
UGeorge Davidson
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukusakazeka kwe-Crocosmia kwenziwa ngezindlela zezinhlobo zembewu. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa kuqala kuzithombo ukuze ithole isitshalo esivuthiwe kakhulu entwasahlobo. NgoFebhuwari, ingxube ye-peat, inhlabathi ye-turf, isihlabathi kanye neqabunga le-humus ifakwa emabhokisini asicaba. Imbewu kufanele ifakwe emanzini afudumele, okufanele iguqulwe amahlandla ama-4. Zihlwanyele ngokujula kuka-3-5 mm. Isitsha simbozwe ngengilazi futhi sibekwe egumbini elifudumele nelikhanyayo. Ngemuva kwamasonto angu-1-2, kuvela amahlumela okuqala. Izitshalo ezincane ziyaqhubeka zikhula ekhaya kuze kube ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Izithombo ezivikelwe zidluliselwa enhlabathini evulekile lapho ubungozi bezithelo zasentwasahlobo bushabalala.
Indlela elula yokuzala ukuhlukaniswa kwama-corms. Unyaka ngamunye, kufinyelela ezinganeni eziyisithupha ezakhekwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibani somama sisasebenza. Ekwindla, lapho amahlamvu esomile ngokuphelele, izimbila zibunjiwe. Maphakathi neRussia, zigcinwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo endaweni efudumele lapho isithwathwa singangeni. Lapho ufaka, ungahlukanisa ikhethini elikhulu libe izingxenye eziningi, kepha ungazitshaleli izimbali zazo ngazinye.
Izimo zobusika
Amabhuleki angabanda ngokuphepha emhlabathini uma ebusika izinga lokushisa lomoya lingashoni ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C. Ebusika obukhulu kakhulu, inhlabathi imbozwe ngamagatsha aqhakaza, amaqabunga omile nefilimu. Ezifundeni lapho iqhwa lifinyelela khona -30 ° C, kwakhiwa izimbungulu ebusika. Akhululwe emhlabathini futhi agcinwe emabhokisini amakhadibhodi emazingeni okushisa angadluli ku- + 10 ° C.
Umswakama omningi emhlabathini ubeka usongo olukhulu ezimpandeni. Ezindaweni eziphansi, ukuze izitshalo zingangeni zimanzi, kunconywa nokuthi zimbiwe.
Noma i-crocosmia icashe endaweni evulekile, njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-4, kudingeka ukuthi kubhajwe futhi kuhlukaniswe. Ngaphandle kwale nqubo, izitshalo ziqala ukukhula zibe zincane futhi ziqhume kakhulu ukuqhakaza.
Izici Zokunakekela
I-Crocosmia ayithembeki; ukuyinakekela enkundleni evulekile ngeke kube nzima. Maphakathi no-Ephreli, lapho izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi lifinyelela ku + 6 ... + 10 ° C, amakhomu atshalwe endaweni enelanga. Kufanele ivikelwe kahle kokusalungiswa. Amabhuleki kufanele atshalwe afinyelele ku-7 cm cm, izingane ezi-3-5 cm. Kufanele kube khona ibanga elingama-10-12 cm phakathi kwezitshalo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ama-bulbs athathwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile noma isixazululo se-potanganum permanganate amahora angama-1-3.
Ukuze izitshalo zikhule futhi ziqhakaze kakhulu, kubalulekile ukunisela njalo i-crocosmia. Emhlabathini owomile, lesi sitshalo sizolahlekelwa umphumela waso wokuhlobisa. Uma ihlobo laqala ukuna, ukunisela kuyancipha noma kumiswe ngokuphelele. Ukuze amanzi angahambi emhlabathini futhi umoya ungena ezimpandeni, udinga ukukhulula umhlaba ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-crocosmia idinga ukuvundiswa kwenhlabathi ejwayelekile. Ngo-Ephreli-Juni, kathathu ngenyanga, ivundiswa nge-mullein kanye ne-nitrogenous top dress (isixazululo se-amanzi 1:10). Kunconywa ukuthi kuguqulwe i-organic ne-mineral compounds. Ngokuqala kwamahlamvu okuqala, umanyolo we-nitrogenous awafakwa ngaphandle. Ukuze ama avuthwe kahle ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, izimbali ezinamahlamvu kumele zisikwe.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
I-Crocosmia ingahlaselwa yizifo zokukhunta uma isikhule enhlabathini ebandayo. Ukwelashwa nokufakelwa kuzosiza ukuphunyula ekubolekeni. Futhi, izimbali zingahlushwa i-fusarium. Amabhuleki aba mnyama, athambile futhi anamanzi. Kunzima kakhulu ukuzelapha, kungcono ukuzihlukanisa nokuqothula izitshalo ezithintekile.
Ngama-jaundice (utshani), ama-bulbs aphenduka aphuzi futhi abe mnene kakhulu. Bakha amahlumela amaningi ngamahlamvu aphuzi aphuzi. Ekuqaleni kwesifo, ukufudumeza isibani emazingeni okushisa we-+45 ° C kusiza ukululama ngokuphelele.
Ezikhungweni ezibulala ingwenya, umuntu angahlukanisa ibhere nezihlakala. Ukuthambisa kwenhlabathi nokutshala impahla kuyonga kubo.
Sebenzisa ekwakhiweni
Amathanga e-crocosmia abukeka njengomhlobiso kakhulu. Zingatshalwa ngamaqembu amancane namakhulu emibhedeni yezimbali, phakathi kotshani noma eceleni kwendlela. Engadini yezimbali, lesi sitshalo sibukeka simangazile endaweni engomakhelwane be-rudbeckia, echinacea, i-salvia, kanye nabamele abomndeni wakwaLilya.
Ama-Crocosmia ama-peduncle amade amade abukeka kahle ngokusika. Bazokuma emqashweni isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili futhi kancane kancane bavule ama-buds amaningi.
