I-Nations ingotshani obuphansi obunezimbali ezinhle eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi kanye n onsomi. Ama-petals akhanyayo abonisa zonke izithunzi ezitholakala esibhakabhakeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-gentian iyisitshalo sokwelapha esaziwa kubantu kanye nasemithini esemthethweni. Ukwenza lesi sitshalo esingenakungabaza futhi esilusizo engadini yakho siqu kumele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni amaningi kufakwe ku-Red Book. AbeZizwe bathola igama labo ukunambitheka okumunyu kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo singokwalowo mndeni ongoweZizwe. Kuhlobo, kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu ezisatshalaliswa cishe kuyo yonke iplanethi. Ngeke uhlangane nomuntu wase gentian ngaphandle kokuthi use-Antarctica nase-Afrika.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Nations imelelwa izitshalo zisetshenziswa kanye ngonyaka. Ukondliwa ngesigqi senduku esimfishane futhi esifushane. Izinqubo ezakheke intambo zisuka kuye zijule zingene emhlabathini. Imbali ingathatha uhlobo lwesihlahla noma utshani. Ukuphakama kwamahlumela kungama-5-15 cm kuphela, yize kunezinhlobonhlobo kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-1.5. Kokuqinisiwe, kwesiqu esifushane, kutholakala amaqabunga aphambili esessile. Amapuleti amaqabunga ngokuvamile apendwe luhlaza obumnyama. Zinejamo le-lanceolate noma le-oval elinomphetho oqinile we-lateral kanye nesiphelo esikhombe.
Phezulu esiqwini kusuka emacabangweni amaqabunga, izimbali ezingashadile noma ukuqhakaza kwe-inflorescences esezingeni eliphansi. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, zingabonakala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kokuwa. I-corolla yezimbali ifana nentsimbi futhi ineshubhu elide. Imiphetho yamacembe amancanyana agobeke ezinhlangothini iphindaphinda ukwakheka kwenkanyezi enamakhomba amahlanu aqokiwe. Izimbali zabaningi bomdabu zidwetshwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi zibe nombala onsomi, ophuzi noma omhlophe.
Ukungcola kukhiqizwa izinambuzane, ezibuye ziqoqe impova, ngoba i-gentian isitshalo esihle soju. Izithelo ibhokisi elincane lembewu eliqukethe imbewu eningi encane.
Ukuphulukisa izakhiwo
I-rhizome yabeZizwe kanye namahlumela aqukethe ama-alkaloids amaningi, ama-glycosides nezinye izinto ezisebenza ngokuphila. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo kudala sisetshenziswa emithini yabomdabu, futhi sisetshenziselwa ukulungisa amakhambi emithi. Ama-decoctions ama-Nations kanye namalungiselelo anomphumela ophakeme we-choleretic, okulindelekile, wokulwa nokuvuvukala, ovuselelayo.
Umhedeni usetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo ezinjengokuthi:
- ukukhwehlela
- iminyakazo
- isifo samathambo;
- isikhafu;
- isifo sohudo
- ukuthopha;
- i-anemia
- umkhuhlane.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungasebenzisi kabi imishanguzo yofuzo. I-overdose iholela ekunyuseni kwengcindezi, ekujabuliseni, isiyezi.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo
Kuhlobo lwezinhlobo ezingama-359 ezibhalisiwe ezibhalisiwe. Cishe zingama-90 zazo ezisetshenziswa emasikweni. The adume kakhulu yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
U-Nations uphuzi. Isitshalo esikhulu esibalelwa ku-1.5 m ubude sinohlanga oluqondile. Isisekelo saso sakhiwe ngenhla ye-basal yamaqabunga amakhulu e-oval. Amaqabunga eduze kwesiqu anesizotha ngokwengeziwe. Izimbali eziningi eziphuzi ziqoqwa kuma-axillary inflorescence engxenye yesithathu ephezulu yesiqu. Izimbali zenzeka engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Iqhubu ngalinye elingama-25 mm ubude liqukethe amacembe akhomba. Izimbali zihlala izinsuku ezingama-50.
I -monmonon (evamile). Lesi sitshalo sinohlaka oluqinile, olunamagatsha angaba ngu-25-50 cm ubude.Amaqabunga angomugqa noma awolayini asemgqeni atholakala ezansi futhi akuvamile ukuba lihlangane nawo wonke amahlumela. Ubude beplani yamaqabunga buyi-3-7 cm. Izimbali ze-axillary zihlelwe phezulu kwesiqu. I-nimbus ebunjiwe njengensimbi engu-1.5-2 cm ubude ino-petals wakhomba. Zipendiwe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ojulile, ngaphezulu kwangaphakathi kwesisekelo kukhona ukuthinta okuluhlaza okungabonakali. Iqhakaza ngoJulayi-Agasti.
Daurian gentian. Izinhlobo zinamaphiko athambileko, aqondile noma ahlala kuwo ubude obungamamitha angama-25- 40. Zimbozwe ngemibala emide eluhlaza. Izimbali ezinkulu ezimnyama eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziqoqana kuma-inflorescence amancane apical. Ziqhakaza ngoJulayi bese ziyaqhakaza kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Isitshalo singasetshenziselwa ukusika nokwenza izingcezu zezimbali.
Abezizwe abenziwe isiphambano (isiphambano). Lesi sitshalo sinezimpande zesiqu eziqinile kanye nesiqu esiqondile esingamasentimitha angama-50. Simbozwe ngesihluku ngamahlamvu amade. Izimbali ezincane ezimise okwentsimbi ngaphakathi ziyi-turquoise. Ngaphandle, kugcwele ama-hues aluhlaza grey kwi-petals. Izimbali zenzeka engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo.
Owesizwe waseGibhithe. Esiqwini esiqondile esingafika ku-80 cm ukuphakama, kukhona amaqabunga amise okweqanda onqenqemeni olukhonjwa. Ubude bawo buyi-6- cm cm. Kuma-axils amaqabunga angenhla ezintabeni zezimbali ezinkulu. Ubude bawo bufika ku-5 cm. I-corolla iqukethe amacembe aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma amhlophe, aqoqwe endebeni emincane. I-efihlekile kuvulwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
Umuntu onobuhlakani obukhulu. Lesi sitshalo siqukethe izingqimba eziqinile noma ezibunjiwe zibalelwa ku-40-70 cm ubude. Amahlamvu aqoqwa ezansi nasezindaweni ezingaziwa. Amapuleti amaqabunga e-ovval angafinyelela ku-20-40 cm ubude nama-18-30 cm ububanzi. Izimbali ziqoqwa kuma inflorescence aminyene anamaqabunga apical. Ubude bezinsimbi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka buyi-1.5-2 cm. Imikhawulo yemikhondo ikhonjwa. Iqhakaza ngoJulayi-Agasti.
Owe-stemless weZizwe (Koch). Izinhlobo ezincane ze-alpine ezinokuphakama okungadluli kuka-10 cm zibukeka kakhulu. Amaqabunga e-ovs anombala oluhlaza ogqamile aqoqiwe kuma-rosette basal. Izimbali ezinkulu ze-tubular zemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma emhlophe qwa ngaphezulu kwabo kusukela ekugcineni kwentwasahlobo. Izimbali ziningi kakhulu. Iqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi futhi ihlala kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-1.5.
Umuntu weZizwe uhlukaniswe kasikhombisa. Le nhlobonhlobo engathembeki ikhula ngesihlahla esibanzi kuze kube ngama-30 cm ukuphakama. Izimbali ezinamaphara ansomi-aluhlaza ziyaqhakaza ngaphezu kwamahlumela anamaqabunga angenamandla. Ububanzi bensimbi bungamasentimitha angama-5-7. Kuqhakaza maphakathi noJuni.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukuzala kabusha kwabeZizwe kungenziwa ngezindlela zezinhlobo zembewu. Imbewu ihlala isebenza izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kwezi-12. Ngaphambi kokwehla, kuyadingeka imbandela ebandayo. Imbewu ibekwa endaweni epholile enamazinga okushisa komoya angaphansi kuka- + 7 ° C. Ezinhlotsheni ezithanda ukushisa, inyanga eyodwa yanele, izinhlobo ze-alpine zizodinga i-stratification izinyanga ezi-2. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbewu kufanele ibe semhlabathini we-peat enesihlabathi. Ungazihlwanyela ekwindla emhlabathini ovulekile, kepha ungazingcwabi emhlabathini, kodwa zimane nje uzicindezele. Ngemuva kokuduka, imbewu ihlwanyelwa enhlabathini enomswakama futhi igcinwe emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka + 20 ° C. Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20.
Entwasahlobo yokuqala, izihlahla ezikhula ngokweqile zingahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. Inqubo kumele yenziwe ngokucophelela, ngoba i-gentian ayikubekezeleli ukufakelwa. Kubalulekile ukugcina igumbi lobumba. Izitshalo ezintsha zidluliselwa ngokucophelela endaweni entsha. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, izithombo kufanele ziniselwe kakhulu.
Ezinye izinhlobonhlobo ze-gentian zibolekisa ukusika. Ngentwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukusika phezulu kwesiqu noma inqubo ye-lateral ene-1-2 internodes. I-Rooting yenziwa emanzini noma enhlabathini yesihlabathi se-peat. Inqubo ingathatha inyanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiqu kufanele siniselwe ngokunakwa. Ukuze umswakama uvele kancane, umbozwe ngembiza yengilazi noma isikhwama. Kubalulekile ukufaka lesi sitshalo nsuku zonke. Ngokuqala kwezimpande, izithombo zibekwa endaweni engapheli engadini.
Imithetho Yokunakekela
Abezizwe emvelweni bayisitshalo esiqinile, esilungele ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima. Maye, kusiko kunomsindo ngaphezulu. Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlala, ngakho-ke zidinga ukunakekelwa okuhlukile.
Isibani Abantu beZizwe bancamela iziza ngaphansi kwelanga elivulekile (kasikhombisa, ama-daurian, abethelwe, ophuzi) noma esithunzini esincane (crotch). Isithunzi esijulile sihlinzelwe izitshalo zonke.
Ukushisa Amabhasi avumelana nezimo sezulu ezifudumele nobusika beqhwa, ngakho-ke awadingi indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe. Ngokuvamile babekezelela isithwathwa nokushisa kwehlobo.
Inhlabathi. AbeZizwe bakhetha inhlabathi ekhanyayo, ekhanyelwe kahle enomzimba olinganiselayo. Ngayo, inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma eyisibungu ngokufakwa kwamatshe amancane ifanelekile. Kukhethwa i-acidity engathathi hlangothi. I-Yellow and stemless gentian idinga ukufaka i-mulching eyengeziwe nge-limestone. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni, ukuzulazula kwamanzi akwamukeleki.
Ukunisela. Izitshalo zidinga ukuthambisa njalo. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, ukunisela nsuku zonke kwamanani amancane we-ketshezi kungadingeka.
Umanyolo. Ukusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti, i-gentian iyanconywa ukuba ivundiswe njalo ngenyanga ngenxenye yengxenye yamanyolo angenamaminerali. Sebenzisa izingoma zezitshalo zezimbali ezingadi. Uma inhlabathi ivundile ngokwanele, ungakwenza ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo.
AbeZizwe engadini
Umuntu weZizwe muhle ezindaweni ezinamadwala nasezindaweni zamadwala. Ngakho-ke ubukeka emvelo kakhulu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-landings yeqembu, khona-ke ukhaphethi oqinile uzomboza insimu eyabelwe. Uyothokozela izimbali zesafire, ezingatholakali emvelweni.
Engadini yezimbali, izitshalo ezinde zisetshenziswa ezikhundleni eziphakathi nendawo, kanye nezinhlobo ezikhula kancane ngaphambili. Emakhelwane nabo kufanele kubekwe izimbali eziqhakazayo noma zokuhlobisa ezingakhuli kakhulu. Kungaba yi-sage, sedge, izinsimbi. Ungatshala izinhlobo zemvelo ngaphambi kwezihlahla ezinesihlwathi futhi ezinamandla. Ukusondela kwezilimo eziphakathi kwezinhlamvu zommbila nakho kuyamangaza.
