Yonke imifino yokulima yemifino yayibhekene nezifo nezinambuzane zezitshalo zemifino. Kuyinto eyodwa uma kwenzeka ngenxa yokunakekelwa okubi, futhi nakanjani lapho isitshalo sigula ngenxa yokuthi akukho isizathu esicacile. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela yokugcina ukhukhamba ezivela ezifweni nasezinambuzane.
Ngokuvamile, izifo zekhukhamba zibangelwa ukunakekelwa okungafanele. Ngezinye izikhathi igciwane lidluliselwa ngamathuluzi noma ngomhlabathi.
Grey ukubola
Isifo senyamazane esithinta wonke umzimba osenhla emhlabathini wesitshalo (amaqabunga, isiqu, izimbali nezithelo). Ukutheleleka kungabhalwa kanye nenhlabathi, izitshalo zokutshala. Futhi, idluliselwa emoyeni, ngakho-ke inokusabalalisa kabanzi.
Uyazi? Enye yezinhlayiya ze-fungus, okubangela isikhunta esiyimpunga, isetshenziselwa ukuncintisana ukuthola izinto eziwusizo ngokuqukethwe okushukela ophezulu.
Ukuvutha ngamakhukhamba ngokuvamile kuvame ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa okuphansi. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, lesi sitshalo sibuthakathaka, futhi izifo eziningana zingakwazi ukuhlasela ngaso leso sikhathi.
Izimpawu ze-mold mold:
- ukubonakala kwamagreyasi esiqwini, amaqabunga nezithelo;
- ama-necrotic on the fruit (emva kwalokho, ukhukhamba ziqala ukubola futhi zomile);
- ukubola okukhulu kwamahlamvu esitshalo sonke;
- ukubola amahlumela.
Le fungus ivame ukuthinta izingxenye zesitshalo ezihlangana nomhlabathi. Uma utshala ama-strawberry e-dacha yakho, ungase ubone ukuthi izithelo zimbozwe kanjani nge-grayish bloom, bese ubola. Okufanayo kwenzeka ngekhukhamba, ngakho-ke udinga ukuthatha ukwelashwa ngesikhathi ukugcina isivuno.
Lesi sifo singelashwa ngosizo lwe-fungicides (Fitosporin-M). Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa udinga ukusika zonke amaqabunga nezifo. Futhi kufanelekile izindlela zokuzama nezindlela: 300 g umlotha okhuni, isikhali kanye no-1 tsp. i-copper sulfate ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Lesi silinganiso sanele ikhukhamba emibili.
Kuvunywa futhi ama-control agents e-biochemical, okubandakanya umuthi uTrochodermin. Into esebenzayo yi-fungus ebhubhisa ukubola okweqhwa, ngenkathi ingazange ithwale isisindo esitshalweni nakumuntu.
Kubalulekile! Wonke amahlumela abathintekayo namaqabunga asetshenziswa ngaphandle kwendawo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kabusha.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela okuGrey Rot:
- ukujikeleza kwezitshalo;
- ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo eziphikisana nesifo;
- ukususwa kwezinsalela zezitshalo ezivela engadini;
- imbewu yokugqoka.
Ukubola okumhlophe
Ukubola okumhlophe ngamakhukhamba livela kaningi, njengoba lihlala emhlabathini futhi lingathuthwa ngamabanga ngomoya. I-agent causative yi-fungus encane eyenza isitshalo siphume ngesikhathi esibi.
Uma imifino ithinta ukubola okumhlophe, khona-ke ukukhula okufana ne-cobweb kufana nayo. Kusukela kulesi sifo kuqala ukubola phezulu kwesitshalo, amaqabunga aphelile, aphenduke amhlophe futhi abe buthakathaka.
Izimbangela zesifo kunomswakama okwandisiwe kanye nezinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni (izimo ezihle kunazo zonke zefungus - inkungu, okubangelwa ukwehla okubukhali ekushiseni).
Lesi sifo asigcini kuphela ukukhula kwamakhukhamba, kodwa futhi senza ukuba sisebenzise wonke amandla ayo ekulwa nesilwane. Ngeke kube khona ukuvuna: izithelo zizoqala ukoma, bese zizobola.
Ukuze ungavumeli ukhunta ukhukhamba wakho, udinga yenza ukuvimbelaokulandelayo:
- ukuhlanza inhlabathi ezitshalweni ezibolile;
- ukudla okunzima (i-zinc sulphate, irea, vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka);
- ukwehla emswakeni womoya (uma kufike endaweni yokushisa).
Esikhathini sokuqala, amahlumela aphethwe yizifo, futhi indawo yokusika ifafazwe ngesikhwama esikhanyelwe. Futhi, tincetu zingacutshungulwa ngenhlanganisela elandelayo: i-choki yomhlabathi kanye ne-potassium permanganate (enesilinganiso samanzi).
Izindlela ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa esiteji sokuqala, noma uma amahlumela 2-3 ehlushwa. Uma izihlahla eziningi zigula, kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-fungicides. Izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezingabizi kakhulu yi-Oxyhom, Topaz, i-Rovral SP noma izidakamizwa ezisekelwe sulfate-based.
Kubalulekile! Uma ama-fungicides ehlulekile, lesi sitshalo sisuswe ngokuphelele futhi sishiswe ngaphandle.
Ukuze uvikele ezinye izitshalo ozitshale ngonyaka ozayo, udinga ukucwilisa inhlabathi nge-antiseptic noma i-fungicide eqinile.
Umsuka wokubola
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokubola, ezithinta ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba yesitshalo. Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu ukuthi asibheki nje kuphela ngabalimi, kodwa futhi ngabalimi abaningi. Ukubola komsuka (noma umlenze omnyama) kubangele i-fungus ehlala emhlabathini.
Isistimu yempande ethintekile iphendulela abamnyama, ama-rots futhi afe ngokuphelele. Ngokuphambene nezihlumela ezigulayo, kunzima kakhulu ukubona izimpande ezigulayo, ngakho-ke ziqondiswe yi izibonakaliso zangaphandle zesifo:
- isitshalo esivilaphayo ngisho nangemva kokuphuza;
- amaqabunga aqala ukuma, futhi izimbangela zivela kubo;
- izimbali ziwela ngaphambi kokuba ama-ovarie avele;
- ingxenyana yezimpande ze-stem cracks futhi iphenduka ophuzi;
- amaqabunga ashintsha umbala futhi ahlanganiswe namabala amnyama;
- ukukhula kwehlathi kuyancipha.
- ukuntuleka kwe-sevosmena;
- amanzi okunisela amanzi;
- imbewu yokutshala kakhulu;
- amathuluzi anegciwane.
Kubalulekile! Umsuka wokubola uhlala emhlabathini ngisho nangemva kokususa isitshalo esibulalayo. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi kufanele ilandwe, futhi ingashiyelwa yonyaka ngaphansi kwesithambile.
Abalimi abaningi banesithakazelo kulokho okuzocubungula ukhukhamba ukuze balahle izimpande zokubola. Ukuze unqobe impande yokubola, udinga ukusebenzisa ama-fungicides.
Esikhathini sokuqala, ungazama izindlela zomuntu: engeza u-1 tsp kuya ku-0.5 l amanzi. uju, isikhuni esincane kanye no-3 tbsp. l isikhwama esichotshoziwe. Ngalesi sakhi, thinta izindawo ezithintekile esitshalweni.
Njengokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zomuntu, namafongicides, udinga ukususa umhlaba ezindaweni ezithintekile ezimpandeni (uma, ngaphandle kwalokho, lokhu akuyona ingxenye enkulu yesistimu yempande).
Kufanele futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi izimpande ezibola zidala izinhlobo eziningana zefungi. Ngokuhambisana nalesi sidingo sokuthatha i-fungicide. Thola ukuthi uhlobo oluqondile lwe-fungus lungaba yi-laboratory kuphela.
Uma uke wazama zonke izindlela, futhi ukhukhamba ziyaqhubeka zimile, bese zihlala kuphela ukumbumba isitshalo ngempande futhi zikhiphe ngaphandle kwesayithi.
Ukuze uqhubeke nokuvimbela ukubuya kwezimpande zokubola ezitshalweni zezitshalo, sebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
- nisela isitshalo ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwempande, hhayi ukuwa emaqabungeni bese uqala;
- sishiye ukukhula ngokweqile;
- nisela amanzi isitshalo ngamanzi afudumele;
- khetha abanduleli abafanele (izithelo, amazambane, anyanisi noma utamatisi).
Idonsa likaMealy
Idonsa likaMealy - kuyisifo se-fungal ukuthi isikhunta esikhulu se-ectoparasitic sibangela. I-mycelium emhlophe ingabonakala ngamehlo amaqabunga ezitshalo: zidwetshwe ngombala omhlophe, njenge-hoarfrost.
Ngaphezu kwamaqabunga, i-fungus ihlasela isitshalo, amahlumela amancane nezithelo. Lapho i-mycelium ikhula, amaconsi amancane amanzi akhiwa kuwo, yingakho lesi sifo sinegama layo. Isijeziso esimhlophe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi siba denser futhi siqala ukuthunjwa.
Lesi sifo sinengozi hhayi kuphela ngoba kwenza amahlumela "grey", aphuze ukukhula, aphazamise izinqubo ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kwesitshalo. Amaqabunga abathintekayo kanye namahlumela amnyama futhi afe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Okufanayo kwenzeka ngezithelo eziyeke ukukhula futhi zime. Uma isikhumba se-powdery sishaya ukhukhamba ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-ovaries angeke awenze, futhi uzoshiywa ngaphandle kwesitshalo. Isikhukhula samakhokheni angabonwa esithombeni esingezansi.
Njengezinye izifo eziningi, isikhutha se-powdery sithanda ukushisa okuphezulu nokushisa kwezinga lokushisa. Ukunqotshwa kwalesi sifo kuqala ekuqaleni kwehlobo, uma kukhona ushintsho phakathi kwentwasahlobo epholile kanye nokushisa kwehlobo.
Futhi, i-fungus ingase ibonakale ngenxa yokukhulelwa ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen. Uma ukhukhamba ihlwanyelwa endaweni yokushisa, izimbangela zalesi sifo ziwuhlaka noma ukukhanya okungalungile.
Kubalulekile! I-powdery isikhutha pathogen ithathwa kude ngomoya noma amathonsi amancane omswakama.
Phatha amakhukhamba we-powdery isikhutha Ungasebenzisa izindlela eziningana:
- i-fungicides;
- izindlela zomuntu;
- biofungicides.
Enye indlela ihilela ukusebenzisa ubisi omuncu. Hlukanisa i-serum bese uchitha amanzi 1 kuya ku-10. Hlanganisa ikhukhamba elishisayo kusuka kusibhamu se-spray.
Uma izindlela zendabuko zingalungile, khona-ke ungajika ekhemistry. Kulezi fungicide ezenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu nge-powdery isikhutha, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-Fundazol, i-Topaz, i-Topsin ne-Bayleton.
Kubalulekile! I-smoky powdery isikhutha yabonakala, okuphikisana nemithi ethile. Ngakho-ke, uma kungekho izinguquko ezingcono - zama enye i-fungicide.
Kukhona nobungane obuningi bemvelo, kepha akukho izindlela ezingezona ezisebenzayo zokulwa namazolo. Biofungicides - amalungiselelo aqukethe ama-microorganisms adla ku-agent ye-powdery isikhutha.
I-biofungicides ethandwa kakhulu yi-Fitosporin-M no-Planriz. Lezi zidakamizwa zingaphansi kwamandla ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi, kodwa azilimazi abantu nezitshalo. Kudingeka ukuzisebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Ukuvimbela izifo, kudingeka ukufeza okulandelayo ukuvimbela:
- ukuhlanza zonke izinsalela zezitshalo ezivela ensimini yemifino (i-fungus hibernates kuzo);
- isingeniso se-phosphate nama-fertilizer umquba;
- ukuphuza ukhukhamba ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwempande.
Uyazi? Izwe lakuleli ikhukhamba yisifunda esishisayo saseNdiya eduze nezintaba ze-Himalaya. Lesi sitshalo sesisetshenziswe ngumuntu iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6 000.
I-Downy isikhutha
I-Downy isikhutha noma i-perinospora, ukhukhamba ugula kaningi. Lesi yisifo esibangelwa isikhunta esingaphansi.
I-Peronosporosis ibonakala ngokuphuziza amaqabunga, amahlumela, izithelo nokubola kwazo. Isitshalo esigulayo sigubha amaqabunga, futhi amabala aphuzi avela kubo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amachashaza abe mnyama, futhi amaqabunga ngokwawo ayaphela. Izingxenye zesitshalo esinesifo singakwazi ukuthelela umuntu onempilo, ngoba aqukethe izinhlamvu ze-fungus.
I-Perinosporosis iyingozi ngoba, njenge-powdery isikhutha, ekuqaleni iyancipha ukukhula kwehlathi kanye nezithelo, bese iholela ekuvuthweni okujwayelekile kwesitshalo sonke. Ngakho-ke, ukulwa nalesi sifo samakhukhamba kuyisibopho, ngoba kukhona ingozi yokutheleleka hhayi kuphela isakhiwo sakho sonke, kodwa futhi nezingadi eziseduze.
Kubalulekile! I-Peronosporosis ithinta wonke amaqembu ezitshalo ezihlwanyelwe, kuhlanganise nezihlahla zemihlobiso kanye nezimbali. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukwelashwa ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi.
Isikhumba se-Downy sivame kakhulu ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho isimo sesimo sezulu sinomanzi futhi kuvame ukuvuthwa. Kungumkhuhlane okhulayo nokunciphisa umkhuhlane wezitshalo okuholela ekutheleleni ngefungus.
Ama-microorganisms e-Pathogenic adluliselwa ngama-parasites ezinambuzane (aphid, whitefly nabanye), ngakho indawo yokutheleleka nge-downy isikhutha inkulu kakhulu. Futhi, isifo esiteshini singenziwa kanye nokutshala izinto. Imbewu engahlanjululwanga ingenye yemithombo esemqoka yokutheleleka.
Uma nje uthola ngisho nezibonakaliso ezincane ze-downy isikhutha kumakhukhamba akho, udinga ukuhlola ngokushesha zonke izihlahla futhi, uma ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa, thatha ukwelashwa. Amakhambi omphakathi ukuphakamisa izindlela eziningi zokulwa le fungus:
- Hlanganisa amaconsi angu-10 we-iodine ka-5%, i-litre ye-skim (noma i-1%) ubisi kanye ne-9 l amanzi. Isixazululo esiphelele siphucukiswa umzimba ongaphezu komhlabathi wesitshalo.
- Brew 2 izinkomishi zokhuni ash nge amalitha amathathu amanzi abilayo. Nciphisa ngezigaba eziningana ze-gauze. Ukwehlisa okubangelwayo kufaka amalitha angu-10 amanzi. Futhi wenze ukucubungulwa kwesihlahla sonke, uzama ukuthola kancane engxenyeni enkulu yomhlabathi.
- Emalitha angu-10 amanzi, qeda 1.5 g we-potassium permanganate bese uphefa ukhukhamba.
Ukuze uvimbele izifo ezizayo zemifino nezithelo zakho, kudingeka ufeze imisebenzi yokuvikela izifo.
- Ukhukhamba izinsuku ezingu-14 emva kokutshala kufanele kuphathwa ngesisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux ingxube. Ukucubungula kwenziwa ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka kanye nendlela yokutshala.
- Futhi, lesi sifo sivimbela ukungabi khona kwezinsalela eziphilayo endaweni, izitshalo zokudla kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi.
- Uma ukhukhamba zakho zikhula endaweni yokushisa, ke ugcine umswakama ongaphansi kuka-80% futhi izinga lokushisa lingekho ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka yi-fungus. Ungakhohlwa ukuphakela ukhukhamba njalo, ngoba ukuzivikela okuphakeme kungenye isithiyo ekunqothulweni kwe-downy powdery isikhutha.
Uyazi? Ikhukhamba iqukethe i-potassium, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesibindi nezinso. Futhi, ikhukhamba icebile fiber. I-fibre ayihlanganiswa nomzimba womuntu, kodwa ilawula umsebenzi wamathumbu futhi isuse i-cholesterol eyengeziwe emzimbeni.
I-Anthracnose
I-Anthracnose - isifo se-fungal samakhukhamba, esibangelwa yi-deuteromycetes (isikhunta esingaphelele). Isifo sithinta izitshalo eziningi zemifino nezithelo.
Esikhathini isitshalo, i-anthracnose ibonakala njengamabala aluhlaza okwakhiwa kwamnyama emaqabungeni aphansi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabala ahlangana, futhi ishidi liyafa. Amabala acindezelekile avela esiteshini futhi ehlumela, ehlisa futhi evimbela ukuhamba kwezakhi.
Okulandelayo, isihlahla siqala ukuma, ukuphuka. Ngakho-ke, uma isikhathi singathathi ukwelashwa, usengozini yokulahlekelwa zonke izitshalo ezitshalwe.
Lesi sifo sibonakala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, sithinta izindawo ezinwabuzelayo kakhulu zesitshalo - amaqabunga aphansi kanye nengxenye engezansi ye-ikhukhamba.
Kubalulekile! Izithelo ezithintekayo akufanele zidliwe!Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-anthracnosis zibandakanya:
- umswakama ophezulu;
- i-phosphorus ne-potassium yindlala;
- ubuningi bomhlabathi.
Izinyathelo zokulawula izifo sikisela kuphela izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali
- Phatha ikhukhamba elishisayo nge-1% ukumiswa kwe-sulfur colloidal.
- Ngokwemiyalelo, fafaza ukhukhamba ngesisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux ingxube.
- Sula izindawo ezithintekile ngekhambi le-sulfate le-0.5% le-copper sulfate.
- Amanye ama-fungicides abhubhisa i-fungus: Oxy, Acrobat MC, Sandofan M8.
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo.
Okokuqala, ukuqhuba izitshalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukwandisa umkhuhlane wayo. Zama ukulawula imodi yokunisela futhi ngesikhathi sokubhekana nezinambuzane ezinambuzane ezingathwala izifo.
Yenza ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic nge-fungicides ebuthakathaka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikela isitshalo. Uma wesaba ukuthi amakhemikhali ayowela esithelweni, ungasebenzisa umthamo ophansi wezidakamizwa.
Bacteriosis
Igama lesibili lesi sifo i-angular leaf spot. Izifo eziningi ezandulele zabangelwa isikhunta esincane, kodwa lesi sifo sibangelwa amagciwane (i-Erwinia), okuyinto ephazamisa ikhukhamba.
I-bacteriosis ivela esimweni esifudumele sezulu emswakama (izinga lokushisa + 25-27 ˚С nomswakama 80-85%). Amabhaktheriya angangena emhlabathini ngambewu, inhlabathi noma ukutshala izidumbu. Ukutheleleka kwamabanga amakhulu kuthatha umoya nezinambuzane.
Kubalulekile! Lesi sifo sithinta ukhukhamba kokubili ensimini nasendlini yokushisa.
Lesi sifo sinengozi kakhulu ngoba singashaya isitshalo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi: kusukela ekutshaleni izithombo kuze kube isikhathi lapho izithelo zivuthwa.
I-bacteriosis ithinta amaqabunga, amahlumela, izithelo. Uma lesi sitshalo sitheleleke ngesikhathi sezimbali, khona-ke i-ovary ngeke. Ukulahleka okuncane kokuvunwa kungu-30%. Uma ungaphathi lesi sifo, ungashiywa ngaphandle kokuvuna.
I-Angular Leaf Spot kuboniswe kanje:
- Amabala aphuzi awona amaqabunga e-cotyledon;
- izindawo ezinobundu emnyama ngaphandle kwephepha;
- ukwakheka kwamanzi kagesi ngemuva kweshidi;
- izilonda zamanzi esitsheni, amahlumela, izithelo;
- ukuguqulwa kwesithelo.
Phatha isifo sobhaktheriya Ungakwazi izindlela eziningana.
Inketho ye-Agrotechnical:
- ukubhujiswa kwezitshalo ezibolile;
- Ukulima ngokuguqula okugcwele koqweqwe lomhlabathi;
- ukujikeleza kwezitshalo;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingamelana nezifo (Cascade, Graceful, Kustovoy nabanye).
Ukuvimbela izifo ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwembewu enhle (okunamathiselwe ngesisombululo se-0.02% zinc sulphate) noma izithombo zekhukhamba.
Njengoba ngokuvamile ukutheleleka kwenzeka ezinkathini zokuqala, ungakhohlwa ukuthuthukisa umkhuhlane wesitshalo, ukondla ngemifino eyinkimbinkimbi.Gcina umswakama ophakathi kwenhlabathi futhi ugweme amanzi angenawo ndawo endaweni.
Rhizoctoniosis
Izifo ezibangelwa u-fungus ongaphelele uRhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Akuthinteki ukhukhamba kuphela, kodwa futhi amazambane, izaqathe, iklabishi.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze amakhowe ngamakhukhamba - ukuqina kwe-landing nokuchelela ngokweqile. Kulesi simo, i-pathogen inomuzwa omuhle kumswakama ovamile nokushisa kusuka ku-3 ukuya ku-25˚С.
Uma i-razoktoniozom ihluma - inani elikhulu lezitshalo lizofa (lenza njengezimpande ezibola), elivele liphule ingxenye bese limile.
Esikhathini somuthi omdala, zonke izingxenye zasemahlathini zithinteka ngaphandle kwe-inflorescences. Amaqabunga omile, izithelo zimbozwa "izilonda" futhi zingagcinwa. Izihlahla zakudala ngeke zifakwe kule fungus, kodwa kuyoba nokulahlekelwa okukhulu ekuvuneni.
Ukunqotshwa kwe-rhizoctoniosis izithombo zingabonakala entanyeni ye-yellow basal kanye nezindawo ezikhanyayo ze-orange kumaqabunga e-cotyledon. 
Isitshalo esidala siphendula lesi sifo ngokuhlukile: amaqabunga ahlanganiswe namabala amakhulu amnyama okungajwayelekile, amabala e-oval ocindezelekile ahlanganiswa emakhasini, ama-petioles ahlanganiswe nezilonda ze-oblong.
Susa ukhunta ngamakhukhamba kungaba ngamakhemikhali noma izindlela eziphilayo. Uma indawo enkulu ngokwanele ishintshwe yisifo sefungal, kufanele isetshenziswe ama-fungicides, okungukuthi: i-Kvadris, iStrobe, i-Metamil MC ne-Ridomil Gold MC. Lezi yi-fungicides ejwayelekile kakhulu esetshenziswa abalimi nabalimi.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphilayo esekelwe kuma-bacterium kanye nemikhaza edla i-causative agent ye-rhizoctoniosis: i-Trichodermin, i-Planriz ne-Baktofit. Kukhona izidakamizwa ezindaweni ezincane, futhi ukwelashwa kabusha kuyadingeka ngemuva kwesikhathi. Imithi enjalo ayilimazi abantu noma izitshalo, ngakho-ke iyindlela ehlukile.
Kuya ukuvimbela ukubukeka isifo se-fungal, udinga ukuhambisana nemithetho elandelayo:
- bheka ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo;
- ukuqapha umswakama womoya nomhlabathi (ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokushisa);
- i-mulch nefilimu noma ezinye izinto;
- ukubhubhisa ukhula futhi uhlanze indawo kusuka ezinsalela ezibolile;
- ukukhulula inhlabathi ngesikhathi esifanele.
UMose
Lesi sifo sibangelwa i-cucumovirus yomshukela we-Cucumber. Esihlahleni I-mosaic ye-viral ibonakala njengamaqabunga aqhakazile, ukubonakala kwamnyama amabala amnyama noma amhlophe. Amaqabunga abe ngombala wombala, futhi emaphethelweni abo ahlanganiswe. Ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, izithelo zekhukhamba zithinteka (ezigcwele izindawo ezimhlophe) kanye nesitshalo (ukuphahlaza nokuqhekeka). 
Igciwane liyingozi kulokho, kuze kutholakale, izindawo ezinkulu zokufika zingathinteka. Isitshalo esigulayo silahlekelwa ukukhula, futhi ukukhiqizwa kunciphisa.
Igciwane lihanjiswa kanye nomhlaba kanye nezingxenye ezibolile noma ezibolile zesitshalo. Ikhukhamba ingagula kokubili ngesikhathi sokutshala, futhi kulo lonke ukukhula nesithelo se-ovary.
Ithuba lokutheleleka landisa inxeba nokulimala emzimbeni wekhukhamba ongenhla. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi igciwane lingangena ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ngokusebenzisa inhlabathi engcolisiwe. Futhi, izinambuzane ezinambuzane zingaphazamisa inqwaba yezihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Ijusi, izimpande, amaqabunga, izithelo namahlumela esitshalo esithintekile yizithwali zegciwane, ngakho-ke ziyashiswa ngaphandle kwesayithi, futhi wonke amathuluzi ahlangene nesiko eligulayo aphethwe yi-disinfected.
UMoseki uthinta izitshalo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo ziphiKodwa-ke, ukushisa okuphezulu kanye nokushisa kwe-air kusuka ku-+25 ˚С nangaphezulu kudala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zegciwane.
I-virus kaMose ayiphathwangakho-ke, izitshalo ezithintekile kumele zilahlwe ngokushesha. Ngenhlanhla, izinhlobo eziningi zamakhukhamba eziphikisana negciwane (Zozulya, Lord, Arina, Verenta) ziyadalwa.
Kudingeka ufeze izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngokumelene negciwane lobuciko, okungukuthi:
- ukuhlanza ukhula kusuka kwisayithi;
- ukuchithwa kwezinsimbi;
- ukwelashwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokutshala nge-potassium permanganate;
- ukubhujiswa kwabathwali bezinkinga ezikhona.
I-Olive spotting
I-Cladosporium cucumerinum u-Ellis Arthur ubangela ikhukhamba yamafutha omnqumo, ngakho-ke lesi sifo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthipalm sporosis".
Isifo esitshalweni sibonakala ngendlela yamabala omnqumo. Ngokuvamile amabala avela ezithelo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaconsi akha amabala, bese amabala amnyama enza lukhuni. Ngemva kokuphulukiswa, amabala ahlanganiswe nefilimu emhlophe.
Lesi sifo sinengozi ngoba sinciphisa ukukhula kwesitshalo sonke, sithatha isithelo futhi sivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwazo. Uma kuwonakele ngokuphelele, ikhukhamba elishisayo lingagoma.
I-fungus ihlasela ukhukhamba emswakama eliphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphansi. Imibandela enjalo ingabumba ku-greenhouse nge-sharp heat drop.
Ukwelashwa kwamakhukhamba kwenzeka enhlabathini. Ngokuvamile, i-fungus overwinters ezingxenyeni ezibolile zezitshalo nokhula. I-pathogen engadini ingafakwa kanye nembewu engakaze ikhutshazwe nge-disinfected.
Isitshalo se-Cure zingabe zombili izindlela ezithandwayo namafungicides. Izindlela ezithandwayo zokwelapha zihlanganisa sishaye izihlahla ngekhambi le-iodine chloride noma i-serum ngamanzi (1 kuya ku-10).
Ukuphumelela kakhudlwana ekulwa nomnqumo weminqumo kunjalo amakhemikhali.
- Ukufafaza isisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux liquid.
- Ukunciphisa nge-sulfur dioxide izinsuku ezimbili. Lisetshenziselwa zokugcina izithombo.
Futhi lesi sifo singavinjelwa, uma wenza umquba ngesikhathi esifanele, uhlanze umhlabathi kusuka ezinsalela zezitshalo uphinde ukhiphe amagciwane ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo nokuqapha umswakama emoyeni.Uyazi? Kusukela kumbono we-botany, izithelo zekhukhamba yi-ithanga, okungukuthi, isithelo, kodwa kusukela ekubukeni kokupheka, ikhukhamba iyimifino.Manje ungakwazi ukubona lesi sifo bese uphulukisa. Ukwazi izindlela zokuvimbela izifo zamakhukhamba, ungavimbela ukunqotshwa kwesitshalo bese uqoqa isivuno esihle.
