I-Asplenium iyi-fern enhle ye-epiphytic. Ihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika naseLatin America, kanye nasehlathini elingaphansi kweYurophu nase-Asia. Uhlobo lwezitshalo lingelomndeni wakwa-Asplenievye noma wakwaKostenetsovye, ngakho-ke i-fern ijwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi "ithambo". Amaqabunga awo abanzi amahle afana nomthombo oluhlaza okotshani. Uma uxazulula i-asplenium ekhaya, kuzoba nomuzwa onamandla wokusondela kwehlathi elishisayo. Ikhasino eluhlaza ikhula ngokushesha futhi ijabulisa ngombango wemibala ekhanyayo. Uhlobo luhluke kakhulu, ekuvumela ukuthi ukhethe isitshalo esithakazelisa kakhulu. Kungaba i-fern enamahlamvu abanzi aphelele noma aqoshiwe.
Izici ze-Botanical
Uhlobo lwe-asplenium likhulu kakhulu futhi lunezinhlobo ezingama-500. Kuhlanganisa ama-perennials aqondile futhi ahlala eqabile. Emvelweni yemvelo, zihlala kwezinye izihlahla, emifantwini yamatshe futhi nakwizitini. Eminye imihlobiso ine-rhizome ethuthukisiwe efanelekile ukulinywa komhlaba. Izinhlobo ze-Epiphytic zihlukaniswa izimpande ezinhle, ezisebenzela ukulungisa i-fern esitshalweni esinikelayo. Izimpande zimbozwe ngezikali ezithambile ezinsundu. Ukukhula kwe-asplenium yonyaka kuncane. Isitshalo esidala singama-cm angama-30-70 ukuphakama futhi sibanzi. Esikhathini semvelo, ukuphakama kwehlumela kungafinyelela amamitha amabili.
Amacembe amade apendwe luhlaza okotshani. Zingaba ne-plate noma iqabunga le-cirrus-dissected leaf eliqinile. Ingaphezulu leshidi libushelelezi, licwebezela. I-petiole eminyene esisekelweni ipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani obomvana noma onsomi. Ngemuva kweshidi kukhona i-sporangia. Imicu emifushane enqobayo etholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zethambo eliphakathi nendawo.
Izinhlobo ze-Asplenium
Kukho konke ukuhlukahluka kwawo, uhlobo oluningi lwe-asplenium lungatholakala kuphela endaweni yemvelo. Ngokwesiko, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbalwa nje zamadakana. Abalimi bezimbali zasekhaya bakhethe ezinye zazo.
I-Asplenium nesting ("nidus"). I-epiphytic fern ihlala emagatsheni ezihlahla ezinkulu ezishisayo. Izimpande ze-screy ezondile zondla ihlumela elihle eliluhlaza okotshani. Amahlamvu aphelele enesikhumba aqoqeka kuhlu olude, olunjengendlwane. Kungenxa yalokhu okuhlukahlukene okuthole igama laso. Isisekelo sethambo eliphakathi nendawo sinsundu omnyama.
I-Asplenium skolopendrovy ("ulimi lwenyoka"). Isitshalo sinamaqabunga aphelele, aqondile angombala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Umphezulu wawo ocwebezelayo umanzi kakhulu. Umthambo ophakathi nendawo upendiwe emthunzini omnyama oluhlaza. Izinhlobonhlobo zaba yisisekelo sokutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid. Zinepuleti lephepha eliqinile elino-wavy noma umphetho oqinisiwe.
Asplenium Osaka. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngamahlamvu amakhulu aluhlaza. Ipuleti lonke lamaqabunga lifinyelela ubude obu-1 m nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-20. Ngokwesiko, lolu hlobo lwefern aluvamile.
I-Asplenium bulbous. I-Rhizome fern ikhula emadwaleni nangaphansi kwezihlahla. Iyamelana nokubandayo okubandayo kuze kufike kwisithwathwa bese kwehla amacembe ngenkathi ebandayo. Lesi sitshalo siwabeke ngaphandle kwamaqabunga aqothulwe i-petiole emile. Ubude be-waya ngamasentimitha angama-40-60, futhi ububanzi bawo bungama-20- 30 cm. Kumaqabunga, kwakhiwa ama-buds, afana no-anyanisi omncane. Kulezi, izingane ziyakhula. Njengoba bekhula, bahlukana futhi bawele emhlabathini. Lapho lithintana nenhlabathi, kuqalisa ukukhula isiqu.
Asplenium viviparous. I-Grig evergreen perennial enamaqabunga amafushane, we-pinnate. Ubude bawo abudluli ku-60 cm nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-20. Izigaba ezilinganayo zomugqa zifana nezinaliti. ISporangia itholakala emaphethelweni ngemuva kwamaqabunga. Phezulu kwe-waya, kuhluma ukuqhakaza, lapho izingane zikhula khona.
Imithetho yokuzalanisa
I-Asplenium ingatshalaliswa ngokutshala ama-spores, ukuhlukanisa izimpande, noma ukubamba izingane ngezimpande.
Ukusabalalisa ama-ossicles ngezinhlamvu, kubalulekile ukukhetha ishidi elivuthiwe bese uthambisa izinqe kulo ngesipuni ephepheni. Izitshalo zikhiqizwa entwasahlobo emhlabathini obunjiwe we-peat. Ama-spores asatshwa ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi abekwe endaweni emnyama. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokuhluma lingu + 22 ° C. Isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu noma ngengilazi ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama ofanele. Amahlumela afana ne-moss avela ezinyangeni ezi-1-2. Izithombo zidluliselwa egumbini elinomthunzi bese zisusa indawo yokukhosela. Izitshalo ezikhulile ziklanywe ngaphandle, zishiya ibanga elingaba cm 3. Ngemuva kwenyanga enye, ama-aspleniums amasha atshalwa emabhodweni ahlukile. Kuvunyelwe ukutshala izitshalo ezincane ezingama-2-3 ebhodweni elilodwa.
I-fern ekhule kakhulu ingahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. NgoMashi-Ephreli, ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, lesi sitshalo sikhishwe ngokwengxenye ebumbeni lobumba. Izimpande zisikwa zibheke ezingxenyeni ezi-2-4. Isahlukaniso ngasinye sitshalwa ngokushesha enhlabathini emanzi, evulekile. Kungakapheli nenyanga, i-fern idinga ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa. Kuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile, livame ukuniselwa futhi lufafazwe. Esikhathini esifanayo, kunesidingo sokugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-foliar.
Uma izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-asplenium zakha izingane, zingagxila. Ama-Brood buds akhula ngokushesha ngokwanele bese ewa yedwa. Udinga ukusunduza isitshalo esincanyana emhlabathini ovundile okhanyayo futhi uzokhula ngokushesha. Emavikini okuqala, kunconywa ukuthi izingane zigcinwe ngaphansi kwefilimu noma imbiza yengilazi. Ukuvela kwamaqabunga amasha kukhombisa ukubamba kwezimpawu okuphumelelayo. Manje usungakwazi ukunakekela ingane kanye ne-fern endala.
Izici Zokufakelwa
I-Asplenium inconyelwa ukuthi ithathwe kabusha njalo emva kweminyaka eyi-1-2 ngokufakwa kwenye ingxenye komhlaba. Amandla we-fern athatha usayizi ofanayo noma amakhudlwana. I-rhizome yesitshalo ikhula kancane, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sembiza ebanzi. Njengoba izitshalo eziningi zingama-epiphytes, ungathatha umhlaba ngama-orchid. Ngokuhlanganiswa okuzimele kwengxube yenhlabathi, kusetshenziswa izingxenye ezilandelayo:
- umhlaba wamashidi (izingxenye ezi-3);
- i-peat (izingxenye ezi-2);
- i-decusuous humus (1 ingxenye);
- isihlabathi (1 ingxenye);
- amalahle (ingxenye eyi-1);
- sphagnum moss (1 ingxenye).
Lapho ufaka, kunconywa ukuhlanza umhlaba wakudala. Izimpande zihlola ngokucophelela futhi zinqume izindawo ezonakaliswe ukubola.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ukunakekela i-asplenium akuyona inkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kepha ukulandela imithetho eminingana kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole isitshalo esihle.
Isibani I-Asplenium ithanda amakamelo anemithunzi kahle. Kufanele ibekwe kude ne-3 m ukusuka efasiteleni noma efasiteleni elisenyakatho. Imisebe yelanga eqondile kwi-wai iphikisiwe.
Ukushisa Izinhlobo eziningi ze-asplenium zithanda okuqukethwe okufudumele. Ukushisa komoya okulungile unyaka wonke kungo + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Uma igumbi libanda kakhulu + 18 ° C, lesi sitshalo siyeka ukukhula futhi singaphonsa amaqabunga. Lapho ukhetha indawo amathambo, kuzodingeka ucabangele ukuthi uyamesaba okungakapheli.
Umswakama. I-Asplenium idinga umswakama ophezulu. Kumele ifafazwe ngezikhathi ezithile futhi igezwe ngaphansi kweseshini elifudumele. Ebusika, asihlambi lesi sitshalo, kepha zisula uthuli ngendwangu emanzi. Akunconywa ukubeka i-fern eduze kwama-radiator okushisa. Emakamelweni anomoya owomile, kufakwa ngamathileyi ngamanzi noma ngobumba olumanzi olunwetshiwe.
Ukunisela. Lapho ukhetha umbuso wokunisela, kubalulekile ukugxila esimweni senhlabathi. Ingaphezulu layo kufanele lihlale linomswakama omncane, kepha ukuzimuka kwamanzi akwamukeleki. Kunconywa ukuthi njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-1-2 inani elincane lamanzi afudumele, ahlanzwa kahle futhi axazululiwe athululelwe emhlabathini. Ehlobo, ukuthambisa kwenziwa kaningi, futhi ebusika kuncishiswa kancane.
Umanyolo. Ngo-Ephreli-Septhemba, i-asplenium ikhula ngenkuthalo futhi yakhe amahlumela amasha, ngakho-ke idinga ukondliwa okwengeziwe. Kabili ngenyanga, isixazululo somanyolo wamaminerali we-ferns sisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwempande. Futhi, ingxenye yesidakamizwa ifafazwa kuhlamvu.
Izihlahla. UFern akadingi ukwakheka komqhele. I-sley waiy yayo yakha indawo enhle yokulinganisa ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle. Amaqabunga omile namahlamvu amadala ayathenwa njengoba kudingeka.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Uma umbuso wokunisela wephulwa, i-asplenium yakha izimpunga noma ukubola kwezimpande, futhi izifo ezingamagciwane nazo zingakhula. Uma kwenzeka kutholwa i-foci yesifo emaqabungeni noma amahlumela, i-wai egulayo kufanele isikwe futhi inhlabathi iphathwe nge-fungicides.
Ezikhungweni eziku-asplenium, kuhlala ama-nematode kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ukulawula izinambuzane kunzima kakhulu. Zingena ngaphansi kwesikhumba sephepha, elivikela izivikeli zinambuzane. Ukuncishiswa kakhadinali nokususwa kwazo zonke izindawo ezilimele kuyasiza. Ngezinye izikhathi kuphela ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwama-fern okusindisa.
Uma amathiphu amaqabunga esomile, kufanele wandise umswakama womoya bese ufafaza umqhele kaningi. Uma isitshalo siba nsundu bese siphulukana nombala waso, lokhu kukhombisa ukushiswa yilanga. Kunconywa ukuhlela kabusha ithambo emthunzini. Ukubonakala kweqabunga esakhiweni esinemiphetho esontekile kubonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lekamelo liphansi kakhulu.
