Isihlahla esibizwa ngokuthi i-spirea yisitshalo esisebenza kuwo wonke umhlaba esilungele ukutshala okukodwa engadini kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-hedges. Ukubonakala kwayo okumangazayo nokungabikho kobunzima enqubweni yokunakekelwa kwaziswa kakhulu ngabalimi abaningi, kanye nabaqambi bemvelo. Ukusakazeka kwe-Spiraea kuyatholakala nakwabaqalayo, ingatshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, kusetshenziswa ukusikwa, ukubeka noma ngokuhlukanisa. Ngale njongo, entwasahlobo noma ekwindla kuyinto enhle, kepha inqubo ekhulayo yenziwa ehlobo ngesikhathi sezulu esinamafu.
Umsebenzi wokuhlela ukwenziwa kabusha kweJapan, noma okwejwayelekile, i-spirea entwasahlobo kungcono isikhathi ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezihlahla. Imvamisa lokhu kuba maphakathi noMashi, kepha kwezinye izindawo, isikhathi singashintsha ngokuya ngesimo sezulu. Uma umlimi engaphuthelwa isikhathi esifanele, kuzodingeka alinde kuze kube sekupheleni kokukhula kwamaqabunga okuhlezi kwentwasahlobo, lapho isitshalo siqala ukuqhakaza.
Ukuqhakaza Spirea
Kubalulekile! Njengoba ukulahleka komswakama kuyingozi ezihlahleni ezincane, lesi sitshalo singasakazeka ehlobo ngezinsuku ezinamafu. Ngenxa yokushisa nokuntuleka kwamanzi, izihlahla kungenzeka zingathathi izimpande futhi zife ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula.
Isikhathi esihle sehlobo siqala ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi noJuni, kepha ngaphambi kokuthi usike izitshalo, kufanele ulinde zize ziqhakaze ukuqhakaza. Ukusakazwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-spirea ngokusika kungenziwa ehlobo. Uma umlimi engafuni ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi, kufanele ahlehlise umsebenzi wokuwa, kufanele aqedwe ngokuqinile ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Isikhathi sokuphumula esifanele maphakathi no-Septhemba, kepha ungatshala izitshalo kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba Mayelana nokuthi ungasakaza kanjani i-spirea kahle ekwindla, kufanelekile kusengaphambili. Ngesikhathi esinjalo sonyaka, izitshalo ezintsha ngeke zidinge ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela, zizofakwa ngokwanele ukuze zivikeleke emakhazeni ebusika. Lokhu kusindisa isikhathi, ngoba ehlobo nasekwindla izihlahla kumele zichithwe futhi zifafazwe ukuze izinto zokutshala zimile ngokushesha.
Ukuzala usebenzisa imbewu kutholakala kuphela ezinhlotsheni ze-spirea, ngokwesibonelo, isiJapane noma i-oak-leaved. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi nzalo yale njongo, ngoba imbewu yazo inezinga eliphansi lokuhluma, futhi emva kokuhluma ikwazile ukuguqula isimo sezinhlobo zoqobo. Ungakhula isihlahla kusuka ezinhlanyelweni kalula futhi ngokushesha, le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uthole izitshalo eziningi ngasikhathi sinye. Imbewu ayidingi ukulungiswa, uma uyiqoqela ehlobo, iyakwazi ukulinda ukuhlwanyelwa ngaphambi kwekwindla noma intwasahlobo.
Kubalulekile! Igatsha ngalinye elinebhokisi lembewu akufanele lisikwe ngaphambi kukaJulayi noma Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, zisendaweni evaliwe enezinhlamvu ngaphakathi. Amabhokisi abekwa eceleni ukuze avuthwe, bese kukhishwa imbewu futhi kuvunwe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa.
Isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela ekwindla ngu-Okthoba noma uNovemba, entwasahlobo kungcono ukusisebenzisa ngo-Ephreli. Imbewu ingatshalwa ngokuya ngohlelo olujwayelekile emhlabathini kusuka engxenyeni eyodwa ye-vermiculite exutshaniswe nezingxenye ezine z peat. Imbewu ibekwa phezu kwenhlabathi futhi ifafazwe ngenhla emhlabeni, entwasahlobo iyanyiswa futhi futhi imbozwe ngefilimu. Izitsha zembewu zisuswa endaweni emnyama bese zibuyiselwa ekukhanyiseni ngemuva kokuhluma. Lapho amahlumela ekhuphuka aze afike ku-2 cm ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, ayakhishwa ngamaqhubu bese ahlukaniswa ukuze kulondolozwe inani elikhudlwana, adonsela kuwo iziqukathi ngazinye.
Amabibi eSpirea
Cindezela ingxenye yesithathu yobude bezimpande ngamunye. Amahlumela atshalwe kude nge-cm cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ibhokisi elinamahlumela libekwe kahle emthunzini ehlobo, lapho izitshalo zidinga ukuniselwa kaningi. Ekwindla, batshalwe engadini yesikhashana, bese bedluliselwa endaweni engapheli ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ngemininingwane! Amakati amancanyana akhulwe ezinhlanyelweni azoqhakaza kuphela emva kweminyaka emithathu.
Ukwazi ukuthi i-spirea ikhula kanjani ehlobo, kungcono ukhethe izithombo zokutshala njengesihlanyelo. Ngakho-ke, isihlahla sisakazwa kusetshenziswa ukusika okuluhlaza noma okunamahlahla, kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Kuyafaneleka ukuthatha amahlumela ngonyaka noma ngonyaka wokugcina, amagxolo lawo ahlala ekhanya ekukhuleni. Ukusika kwe-spirea enjalo kwenziwa ehlobo, kodwa amahlumela uqobo aphekwe ngesimo sezulu esinamafu.
Kubalulekile! Izinto zokutshala zinqunywa kuphela ezihlahleni ezinempilo, uma kunezinambuzane, uzodinga ukucubungula isitshalo esikhulu.
Ukusika kwe-spirea
Ukusika izimpande kahle, i-spiraea iyancipha, kukhethwe amahlumela aluhlaza kule nqubo. Izihloko zazo zidinga ukusikwa ukugwema ukubola, lapho ngisho abalimi abaqalayo bezokwazi ukutshala. Esibambeni esilungiselelwe akufanele kube namaqabunga engxenyeni engezansi, kwanele ukushiya kuphela ezine eziphakeme. Ipuleti leshidi ngokwalo lenziwa lifushane ngumuntu wesithathu.
Izingcezu zokusika kusuka phansi zifakwe amanzi kwizixazululo ze-potanganum permanganate, khona-ke amahlumela atshalwa endaweni engaphansi ngokufakwa kokugxiliswa kwezakhi. Igatsha ngalinye kufanele libe okungenani ngu-1.5-2 cm, lapho kufakwa khona igebe elingamasentimitha amathathu. Ukuze izimpande zisebenze, indawo emthunzini ongene kahle kufanelekile. Amahlumela ambozwe ngesikhwama noma ngengilazi ukudala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa. Zitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo ngemuva kokubuna ngokuphelele.
Ukusakazeka kweSpirea
Izici zokusika kwe-spirea ehlobo laseJapan
I-spirea yaseJapan, noma umakoti, ukunakekelwa kwayo okuphelele nokwenziwa kabusha kufanele kwenziwe ngokwemithetho, kunomehluko wayo. Kuyadingeka ukutshala izihlahla ezinobude obungu-7-15 cm okungenani, ucabange ngosayizi wesitshalo esikhulu. Amahlumela awo asikwa ngensingo noma ngommese obukhali ongezansi lefindo, kususwa amaqabunga angaphansi. Ngemuva kwalokho iziphetho ze-cuttings zidonswa kwisisombululo nge-phytohormone. Lapho emi lapho amahora amaningi, angatshalwa ezindaweni zokupheka ezilungiselelwe ngaphambi kwenhlabathi.
Ungasusa kanjani i-spirea emhlophe kusuka kwihlumela
Ukususa i-spirea emhlophe noma isihlahla sezinhlobonhlobo zeWangutta kusuka kwi-twig kungenziwa kalula ekhaya. Kubalulekile ukutshala amahlumela endaweni engaphansi ukuze ngokushesha kwakheke uhlelo lwezimpande. Ukuyilungisa, hlanganisa isihlabathi ne-peat yamahhashi. Ukusika kugcinwa kusisombululo kusengaphambili, bese kucwilisa endaweni yokuvuselela ukukhula bese kudluliselwa enhlabathini. Ukuze ukhubaza isitshalo, ungafafaza ngesisombululo segalikhi ngokungeza ithisipuni elilodwa le-slurry ephumela ku-1 litre lamanzi.
Njengendlela yokukhula, ungakhetha futhi ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Ilungele izihlahlana esezineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala.
Kubalulekile! Izitshalo zabantu abadala zingcono ukuthi zingahlukani ngale ndlela, ngoba kukhona ubungozi bomonakalo ohlelweni lwezimpande.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi ubambe isihlahlana, usibeka ebhakedeni lamanzi, ubambe amahora amaningi, bese uwahlukanisa ube izingxenye ezi-2 usebenzisa i-secateurs. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukunquma izimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho i-spirea idinga ukuniselwa kakhulu ngemuva kokutshala, ikakhulukazi lapho kushisa khona.
Ukuthola izingqimba kufanelekile kulabo abadinga izinqubo eziningana esihlahleni esisodwa ngasikhathi sinye. Le ndlela yokulima yenziwa kahle ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kukhethwa amahlumela kusuka ngezansi adinga ukuphulwa kancane, aqiniswe emhlabathini afafazwe ngenhlabathi. Esihlahleni esikhulu, udinga ukunqamula ama-inflorescence ukuze athulule amandla awo ekuqubukeni kwezimpande amahlumela. Inhlabathi engaphansi kwawo kufanele ibe nomswakama kancane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ekupheleni kwesizini, izendlalelo zizoba nohlelo lwazo lwezimpande, kepha zingatshalwa kuphela entwasahlobo elandelayo.
I-Spirea ayibangeli zinkinga enqubekweni ekhulayo, ayisona isitshalo esifuna kakhulu, ngisho ne-novice ingabhekana naso. Ukuze izihlahlana zikhule kahle, zidinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe, inhlabathi enhle nokunisela okuvamile. Ebusika, badinga indawo yokukhosela eyengeziwe, kepha ezindaweni ezingasenyakatho kuphela. Amabhasi adinga ukusikwa futhi avundiswe uma kunesidingo. Isikwele sezinwele sikuvumela ukuthi ubanikeze ukwakheka okuhle, okuwusizo uma beyingxenye yendawo ebonakalayo. Kumanyolo, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali nge-nitrogen entwasahlobo kanye nezithasiselo nge-phosphorus ne-potassium ebusika.
I-spirea emhlophe
Konke Mayelana nokuthena i-Spirea
Ukuthenwa kwe-spirea ejwayelekile noma engwevu kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kwenziwa ngendlela ehlukile kucatshangelwa uhlobo lwezihlahla eziqhakaza intwasahlobo kanye neziqhakaza ehlobo.
Ukucheba izihlahlana ngemuva kokuqhakaza kuyadingeka ukuze ususe wonke amagatsha ngama-inflorescence awonakele ezitshalweni eziqhakaze ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Lokhu kudingekile ikakhulukazi ezinhlafunweni zohlobo lwe-panicle-rose eziqhakaza entwasahlobo, njengoba zidulira izinhloso zokuhlobisa. I efihlekile yezimbali ezikhula ngemisebe ezinjalo kuvela kanye ubude bamagatsha ngenkathi ekwindla, futhi ngaphezulu kwehlobo amahlumela abadala ehlobo phezu kwabo, kuzo izimbali zazo ziyoqhakaza entwasahlobo elandelayo. Amabheshi aqhakaza ehlobo agawulwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Abalimi abaningi be-novice banesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi unganquma nini i-grey spirea. Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengoluthandwa kakhulu, alunambitheki futhi lufuna ukuthenwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Esihlahleni ngasinye, ama-buds akha ekwindla, ngakho-ke awakwazi ukusikwa ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Ngalezi zikhathi, ukunqunywa kuphela kohlobo lwe-anti-ukuguga kuvunyelwe lapho izihlahla zinqunywa ezingeni lomhlabathi. Ungase futhi wenze ukuthena okuhlanzekile kokuhlanzeka.
Nakani! Ukuncipha i-spirea grey kuvame ukwenziwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, lolu khetho oluhle kakhulu.
Ungasika kanjani i-spirea
Amabhishi asekhaya akhula engadini angenziwa muhle ngokwengeziwe ngosizo lwezinwele zokuhlanza nokuhlobisa. Le nqubo iqala entwasahlobo ngokushesha nje kokuncibilika kweqhwa. Ngesikhathi sokuthena izinhloso zokuhlanzeka, amahlumela nez amahlumela ezilimele ngaphakathi kwezihlahla ziyasuswa. Amabhasi aqhakaza ehlobo kufanele akhululwe kuma-inflorescence omisiwe angonyaka odlule, amagatsha abuthakathaka futhi amadala. Lapho unciphisa amahlumela, kufanele ubuke ukuze izingcezu zingaphezulu kwamahlumela zikhule ngaphandle. Ukuthena ukwakheka kwezihlahla kwenziwa ngezinga elifanayo ngokunikeza izihlahla kancane kancane.
Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nezifo eziyingozi kakhulu, kepha kwesinye isikhathi isikhunta noma ibala lingabonakala emahlahleni. Lezi izifo zokukhunta, ukulwa ukuthi yimaphi ama-fungicidal agents adingekayo, ngokwesibonelo, i-foundationazole noma i-phytosporin-M. Kukhona nezinye izinambuzane ezingalimaza izihlahla uma izinyathelo zingathathwanga ngesikhathi. Uhlu lwabo lubandakanya:
- ipheshana le-rose. Kungabonakala ezihlahleni ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kanye namahlamvu womonakalo. Ukuze kuqedwe izibungu kuyadingeka ukufaka i-pyrimor;
- isicabucabu mite. Lapho kukhona imikhaza, amaqabunga e-spirea aqala ukuguquka aphuzi, bese kuvela iwebhusayithi ezondile ngaphansi kwawo. Ukusuka kwezinambuzane, izitshalo kufanele ziphathwe nge-karbofos, i-acrex noma i-tincture yothuli lukabhema;
- ama-aphid. Lesi sinambuzane singatholakala ehlobo, ama-aphid angalimaza amaqabunga nezimbali zombili. Ukuyiqeda, uzodinga ukwelapha izihlahla nge-tincture yothuli lwegwayi noma i-pyrimor.
Izihlahlana ezilimele eziphathwe izidakamizwa kufanele zime okungenani usuku, zimbozwe nge-cellophane. Uma kunesidingo, inqubo kumele iphindwe kaninginingi futhi ivule izihlahla kuphela ngemuva kokuqedwa kwezinambuzane.
Ukunikeza izihlahlana ukubukeka okukhangayo, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukungakhohlwa ngokuthena izihlahla futhi banikeze isihlahla ukubukeka okukhombisa ngesimo sebhola noma iphiramidi. Onke amagatsha abuthakathaka futhi abunile asuswa esiqwini, futhi ukugunda ngokwako kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala. Ngemuva kwenqubo, udinga ukunisela umhlaba ngomquba ufakwe emanzini.
Kubalulekile! Uzodinga ukuguqula amanzi ambalwa ukwenza isixazululo sibe nokudla ngokwengeziwe.
Ngendlela yomanyolo, i-superphosphate noma inqola yeKemir nayo iyasetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, i-spirea ejwayelekile, ukunakekelwa nokutshala okugcwele akubangeli izinkinga, kungaba yisinqumo esihle kakhulu kubaqalayo.
ISpirea isitshalo esihle kakhulu esingaguqula isimo sendawo yengadi noma ihlobo lasehlobo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izihlahlana zizothokozela isikhathi eside ngokubukeka kwazo okumangalisayo, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zezimbali.
