Njengoba kuvela i-mycelium, okwenza ukuba kuthuthukiswe isikhutha se-powdery, izihlahla zibuthakathaka, zilahlekelwe amahlamvu awo kanye ne-ovary, isivuno sawo sinciphisa, futhi lapho kwenzeka amacala amakhulu, ngisho nezinhlobo ze-frost ezingapheli ziyafa ngesikhathi sasebusika. Ake sihlole izinsongo eziseduze ukuthi isikhumba se-powdery sihlanganisa, izibonakaliso zayo zokuqala ku-apula futhi sikutshele indlela yokubhekana nayo.
Yini eyingozi futhi ivelaphi
Amazolo kaMealy engadini ahlushwa ama-mushroom e-Erysiphales, okuyi-botanists. phakathi kwengozi enkulu yezimila. I-mycelium yabo ye-parasitic igxila ngokuqondile engxenyeni yokudla yesitshalo bese ikhula ize idle kanye nomuntu obizwa ngokuthi umnikeli.
Okusho ukuthi, baphila, njengombuso, ngonyaka ongu-1 futhi babulala ngeqabunga elingenakuphila noma igatsha elomile. Kwenzeka ukuthi izifo zesifo, ekubeni esihlahleni se-apula ngaphansi kwegxolo, ubusika kahle futhi uqhubeke nokubulala kancane kancane lesi sihlahla. Ngosizo lwe-conidia, i-fungus isakaza ngokukhululekile izitshalo ezintsha, ishaya insimu yonke. Isikhathi sokukhushulwa kwesibonakaliso sesifo ikakhulukazi sihlala emavikini amabili.
Kubalulekile! Ungakwazi ukuvikela isithelo sakho sesithelo se-apula esikhwameni se-powdery powdery ngokutshala ikakhulukazi izinhlobo eziphikisana nezifo: "I-Winter Man Golden Gold", "Renette", "Borovinka", "Sary Sinap" nabanye.Ukusuka lapho kukhona isikhunta esibangela isifo, ngisho nochwepheshe bakuthola kunzima ukuphendula. Ngokusho kwabo, ukuvela kwengxabano kubonakala ngezimo ezingaphezu kokulawula komuntu. Abantu bakubona lokho ekushiseni kwemithi kuba yingozi kakhulu kule sifo. Futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo ikhuthaza ukukhuphuka emoyeni, ukuchelela okungalungile nokulingana ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini.
Uyazi? Umkhuhlane we-Powdery wanda kakhulu e-Asia Ephakathi, e-Azerbaijan, e-Belarus, e-Russia, e-Kazakhstan, e-Latvia, e-Armenia, e-Transcaucasia, e-Moldova, e-Ukraine, e-Georgia nasezweni laseBaltic. Lapha, izitshalo zithinteka yi-fungus enezinkanyezi ezingamaphesenti angu-90.
Izimpawu zokunqotshwa
Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi yini i-powdery mildew ebonakalayo. Kungabonakala kakade phakathi kwentwasahlobo efihlekile, amaqabunga, izithelo, amagxolo namagatsha. Ngaphandle, i-mycelium yefungal ibukeka ukuqhakaza okukhanyayo okumhlophe. Abaningi balimi abaqalayo abathinti ukunakwa okukhethekile kule mbono, ngokungafanele bayiphathe ngothuli.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-tint emhlophe izoshintsha ibe ophuzi ophuzi bese igolide. Izobonisa indawo ecacile emnyama. Emagabeni okuqala okuthuthukiswa kwesifo, i-plaque isuswa kalula uma uqala ukuthinta ingxenye ethintekile yomuthi. Esikhathini esizayo, i-mycelium ikhuni futhi iyanamathela kuze kube phakade isitho sesitshalo, isondle ngezindleko zayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwesikhunta se-powdery isikhunta kuzothinta izimila zomuthi. Izindawo ezithintekile kakhulu lag ngemuva ngemuva ekukhuleni, amaqabunga azolahlekelwa amandla, azoqala ukugoba futhi kancane kancane abonakale, isicu sehlumela elikhuthele liyophela, i-ovary izoqhuma ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kanye nezinso, isikhunta sivusa lapho i-mycelium isitshala khona esitshalweni.
I-mealy idonsa izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo. I-susceptible kunazo zonke ukuhlasela kwayo: ukhukhamba, ama-roses, i-gooseberries, ama-raspberries, i-peas, ama-strawberry, ama-currants, i-viola, i-orchid, i-gorteniziya, i-violets.
Izindlela zokulawula
Abalimi abaningi, bebona izimpawu zokuqala zesifo engadini, badidekile ngombuzo: indlela yokususa isikhutha se-powdery. Kodwa umzabalazo kufanele uthathwe ngaphambi kwezenzakalo. Ngempela, ukuvimbela inkinga kulula futhi engabizi kakhulu kunokuba uyisuse.
Amasu okuvimbela futhi agrotechnical
Ngenhloso ye-prophylaxis, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuze inkathi yesithakazelo ikhiqize ukufafaza kathathu imiqhele kanye nesiqu se-apple Bordeaux liquid noma fungicides. Ukufafaza okuphumelelayo kwe-sulfur colloidal, isisombululo sokusebenza silungiswa ngesilinganiso sama-80 g wezinto ezikulo ibhakede lamanzi.
Kunconywa ukuthi uqale ukwelashwa kokuqala phakathi nenkathi yeqabunga, kanti enye elandelayo kumele iphindwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-14. Izinyathelo zokucwiliswa kwe-disinfection kuphela zibalulekile ngokumelene ne-mycelium ye-fungal. Engadini kufanele kubalulekile ukuhlanza amaqabunga omile, izihlahla ezihlanzekile kusuka kumagatsha amadala nokugula. Izingxenye ezithintekayo zezihlahla ze-apula akufanele neze zishiywe phansi emhlabathini phakathi kwemigqa. Kumelwe bashiswe.
Umhlabathi kumibuthano ye-pristvolnyh efiselekayo ukuphumula ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngokulinganisela, ukukhulula nokhula kusuka ukhula. Emva kwazo zonke izinqubo kubalulekile ukufaka inhlabathi enhlabathini, ukubuyela emuva emithonjeni ka-5-7 amasentimitha. Uma kungenjalo, lapho uhlalisa umquba, kunengozi yezihlahla ezithathelwana nge-pathogenic microbes kanye ne-fungi.
Kubalulekile! Izihlahla ze-Apple, ezithola i-phosphorus feedings ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziphikisana kakhulu ne-powdery isikhutha. Futhi emithini egcwele i-nitrogen, ingozi yokutheleleka iyakhula.
Ukufiphala kwe-fungicide
Phakathi kwemikhiqizo eminingi yezinto eziphilayo neyomkhiqizo we-powdery isikhutha, i-fungicides ethandwa kakhulu yilezi: "Skor", "Topaz", "Khom", "Impact", "Topsin", "Flint Star". Izixazululo zokusebenza kufanele zilungiswe, ngokulandela izincomo zabakhiqizi. Ngamunye wanikezwa umuthi ungasetshenziswa izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-3.
Amalungiselelo "Skor", "Topaz" ne "Hom" azosiza futhi ukuvikela i-apple yakho kwisifo esivamile njengesikhumba.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma emva kwesikhathi esithathu sokufafaza le nkinga kuqhubeka, ukwelashwa okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe ngezinye izindlela. Hlanganisa izihlahla nge-fungicides mhlawumbe endaweni epholile nesomile ekuseni noma kusihlwa.
Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa, funda imithi, uqaphele futhi unake imigomo yesenzo sokuzivikela. Lo mzuzu ubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuna.
Ama-agrochemists aqaphela ukusebenza okunamandla kwama-fungicidal agents, ngoba banomthelela wokwelapha kanye ne-prophylactic. Ezinye izidakamizwa zinamandla okuvuselela izintambo ezithintekayo.
Uyazi? Izihlahla zezithelo ze-Apple zatshalwe cishe ngamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-5 zomhlaba. Okungukuthi, kuvela ukuthi yonke imithi yesithelo yesibili - i-apula
Izifo Zomphakathi
Abalimi bezitshalo abesaba imiphumela enobuthi yamakhemikhali banomuthi wokukhethwa kwezidakamizwa zomuntu we-powdery isikhutha. Iresiphi ejwayelekile kunazo zonke isisombululo se-soda-soda. Ukuze uyilungiselele, uzodinga u-25 g we-soda powder, 5 g we-sese yamanzi kanye nama-5 amalitha amanzi ashisayo. Zonke izithako zixutshwe, futhi uma amanzi aphefumulayo ephuza, ahlanza izinkuni nomhlaba emjikelezweni womgqomo.
Akuzona izifo kuphela ezingavimbela isivuno esihle sama-apula, kodwa futhi izinambuzane: i-apple moth, aphid, whitefly, mealybug, izintuthwane.
Enye indlela ukuphatha izitshalo ngesisombululo samanzi nesensimu, esithathwe ngesilinganiso se-10: 1. Lesi sakhiwo sivimbela kakhulu izindawo ezithintekayo - ifilimu ehlanganiswe phezulu kwamagqabi namahlumela ayovimba i-oxygen ku-mycelium.
Okudumile phakathi kwabaningi balimi bajabulela ukunqwabelana kotshani olusha lwamahhashi, buhlanjululwa emanzini (100 g / 1 l). Ungazama futhi ukuhlanganisa u-5 g we-sulfate we-copper, 50 g we-sese yamanzi kanye nama-5 amalitha amanzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izipuni ezimbili zamapayipi lwesinaphi zizosuswa ebhaketheni lamanzi.
Kubalulekile! Ukunisela izihlahla ze-apula kumele kwenziwe ngemuva kokulinda ibhola eliphakeme ukuze lime kalula futhi lingadli phezu kwemithombo emihle.Kunezindlela zokupheka eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukudala izimo ezingathandeki ze-powdery mildews. Ngakho-ke ukhululeke ukulungisa, ukuvikela ingadi yakho kuma-parasites abingozi. Futhi ungakhohlwa ngemithetho ye-apula ukulima.
