UTomato Katya wayaziwa hhayi kudala, kepha usethole udumo njengenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zesaladi esezingeni eliphezulu. Uvuthwa ngaphambi kwamanye amanye utamatisi, unikeza isivuno esiqinile sezithelo ezinhle ezibushelelezi zokunambitheka okuhle, sikhula esihlahleni esincane, siyazithoba lapho sishiya. Labo abavivinya lokhu okuhlukahlukene engadini yabo bayavuma ukuthi kunganconywa kunoma ngubani, ngisho nabahlali abangenalwazi kakhulu ehlobo.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi Katya
I-Tomato Katya F1 iyi-hybrid yesizukulwane sokuqala, esingavele ifakaze ngokungafanele ezimfanelweni zayo eziphakeme zabathengi: izikhungo eziningi zesayensi zibandakanyeka ekukhetheni imifino, futhi ama-nzalo angaphumelelanga, njengomthetho, awadedelwa "ukusakazwa okubanzi". I-hybrid yethulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XXI futhi yafakwa Kwirejista Yombuso Yezwe laseRussia ngo-2007, ngemuva kwalokho yathola ukuthandwa ngokushesha.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi uKatya zavela kuRegional State yeRussia Federation ngonyaka we-2007
Isifunda kanye nezimo ezikhulayo
Ngokusemthethweni, utamatisi Katya unconywa indawo evulekile esifundeni saseNyakatho Caucasus. Kodwa-ke, itshalwe iningi leRussia. Abanye abalimi bayitshala endaweni yokugcina izithombo noma lapho begcina khona izithombo zokugcina izithombo, okuvumela ukwandisa indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo cishe enyakatho.
Ividiyo: utamatisi Katya ku-greenhouse
Izici zezitshalo
I-Hybrid Katya F1 utamatisi ocacayo, okungukuthi, ukukhula kwesitshalo kukhawulelwe ngokwakhiwa kwamabhulashi wezimbali. Kodwa-ke, isihlahla, yize sikhula size sibe ngama-60-80 cm kuphela, akuyona indinganiso, esidala ukungahambi kahle kumphathi wegadi: ukubopha iziqu, noma ngisho namabhulashi ezithelo ayimpoqo, ngaphandle kwalokho isivuno sizolala emhlabathini. Amaqabunga asesihlahleni anombala oluhlaza ojwayelekile, usayizi ophakathi, inani lawo lincane, okuvumela izithelo eziningi ukukhanyiswa kahle yilanga.
I-hybrid imelana kakhulu nazo zonke izifo ezaziwayo zamatamatisi. Ngesikhathi i-phytophthora ivela emibhedeni, isivuno sikaKatya sesivele sivuniwe. I-Alternaria, i-mosaic, i-vertex bola nezinye izilonda ezikule nightshade ayimubi kangako. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuvuna kwalesi utamatisi kungathengwa ngokuphephile emakethe: kungenzeka, umnikazi akazange acubungula okutshala nganoma yikuphi ukulungiswa kwamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hybrid iyabekezelela isomiso; ayesabi isishayo esiphikisayo - izimvula ezinamandla.
Ukuthatha izithelo kwenzeka ekuseni kakhulu: utamatisi wokuqala ovuthiwe uvuniwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-80-85 ngemuva kokuvela. Utamatisi acishe ayindilinga, acaba kancane, abushelelezi, cishe awakaze aqhekeke. Aqoqwe ngamabhulashi amakhophi angama-6-8, okuqala kuwo kwakhiwa ngemuva kweqabunga lesi-5 noma le-6. Esimweni esivuthiwe, umbala wezithelo ubomvu okhanyayo noma obomvu, okujwayelekile izinhlobo zezitamatisi ezijwayelekile. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-80-100 g (esiphezulu esingu-130 g) sinepulpisi obukhulu, liqukethe izidleke zembewu ezi-3-4, zibonakaliswa ukunambitheka okuhle nephunga elimnandi.
Utamatisi kaKatya cishe uyindilinga, yebo, ubilisiwe
Ukuqokwa kwezithelo, ukukhiqiza
Inqwaba yesitshalo samatamatisi Katya uvuthwa ngasikhathi sinye. Abanye abalimi babheka lokhu njengento ebuyayo, ngenkathi iningi likholelwa ukuthi kufanelekile ukukhetha utamatisi ngale ndlela. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala kukhulu kakhulu: ifinyelela ku-10 kg / m2, futhi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zingaphakama izikhathi eziyi-1.5.
I-hybrid ingeyezinhlobo zesaladi. Ngempela, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, bambalwa abantu abacabanga ngokuvuna ubusika. Kodwa-ke, ngosayizi, la matamatisi alungele ukuwafaka ngokuphelele.
Isethulo esihle kakhulu sezithelo, ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, akukho ukuqhekeka, impilo yeshelufu ende nokuhamba okuphezulu kwezitshalo kwenza ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene emakethe, ngakho-ke uKatya uhlonishwa ngabalimi abatshala utamatisi ngezinjongo zokuthengisa.
Ukwandisa ukuphepha ngesikhathi sokuhamba, utamatisi ususwa esihlahleni esimweni esithile sokuguga, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa "asifinyelela" isimo asifunayo.
Izinzuzo nobubi, izici
Ama-nzalo amaningi we-utamatisi, avela eminyakeni yamuva, adlula kakhulu izinhlobo zakudala ezimeni zabathengi. Lokhu kusebenza ngokuphelele kutamatisi Katya, onenqwaba yezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa:
- ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi kakhulu;
- ephezulu, ikakhulukazi utamatisi wakuqala, umkhiqizo;
- ukunambitheka okuhle kwamatamatisi avuthiwe;
- izinga eliphakeme lokuhweba lesitshalo, ukuntuleka kokuqhekeka;
- impilo yeshelufu ende nokuhamba kahle;
- ukuvuthwa okunobungane kwezithelo;
- ukungathobeki kwezimo ezikhulayo;
- isihlahla esinamaqabunga aphansi, sivumela izithelo eziningi zikhanyiswe kahle yilanga;
- ukumelana nezifo okuhle kakhulu;
- ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezedlulele: zombili izinga lokushisa nomswakama;
- ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene kwezitshalo.
Umehluko ovela kwezinye izinhlobo
Kunamatamatisi amaningi okuqala enhloso efanayo enesimo nombala ofanayo, kepha uhlobo ngalunye lwezinhlobonhlobo lubangela okuthile okulubeka luphansi kukaKatya. Isibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo zeLiang zivuthwa emavikini amabili kamuva, ubunyoninco baseMongolia bungaphansi ngokunambitheka. Ukuthengwa kweYablonka yaseRussia noma okucacile kwaseSiberia kucishe kube yingxenye ephansi. Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe kweClassic akumelani kakhulu nezifo, futhi iBetta ayinakho ukuthutha okuphezulu.
Njengokungahambi kahle kuyaphawulwa:
- fragility of ngeziqu, okubangela isidingo sokubopha;
- ubungozi bamanje be-fomosis.
I-Phomosis yisifo esingathandeki kakhulu, kepha ngobuchwepheshe obulungile bezolimo ngeke buvele
Akunzima ukuvimbela i-saposis, ngoba lokhu kubalulekile ukufafaza izihlahla nge-oxechloride yethusi. Ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo (ukumodareyitha ekuniseleni nasekugqokeni okuphezulu, ukukhululwa kwenhlabathi, ukufudumala komoya, njll.), Amathuba wezifo aphansi kakhulu..
Izici zokukhula utamatisi Katya
Ukukhula utamatisi uKatya akulula kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo, futhi kudinga ulwazi namakhono amancane.
Ukufakelwa
Ngokuqondene nayo yonke inzalo yesizukulwane sokuqala (F1), imbewu ngeke ithathwe ezithelweni zesivuno esedlule, kuzodingeka ukuthi ithengwe. Uma uhlela ukukhulisa utamatisi weKatya endaweni evulekile, ungagijimeli ukutshala imbewu yezithombo: phela, ukuyitshala engadini kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokuba usongo lweqhwa seluqedile.
Lo nyaka ngithole i-rake elingathandeki okwesibili. Okokuqala lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, lapho ngoJuni 10 iqhwa libulala zonke izithombo ezitshalwe engadini engxenyeni enkulu yeRussia. Kulonyaka, lokhu kwenzeke ngoJuni 12, futhi yize isithwathwa sibuthakathaka futhi izinhlobo ezingamelana nokubanda kakhulu zisinda, umonakalo wawumkhulu. UKatya akayena owokulwa nezinhlobo ezibandayo, ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukuthi uzame ukutshala okokuqala izithombo zakhe endaweni evulekile.
Ngokuyinhloko, ungahlwanyela imbewu utamatisi Katya futhi ngokushesha engadini, ngaphansi ifilimu. Uma wenza lokhu emgqeni ophakathi ekuqaleni kukaMeyi futhi ugcine izithombo okokuqala ngaphansi kwespanbond, khona-ke ngenyanga uzokwazi ukususa indawo yokukhosela, futhi engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo ungagxila utamatisi. Kepha izinzuzo zokuvuthwa kokuqala zizoncishiswa: inhloso yezinhlobo ezinjengeKatyya ukujabulisa abalimi bemifino ngemikhiqizo yamavithamini esivele ekuqaleni kwehlobo, naseningizimu yezwe kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngakho-ke, i-Katya ehlukahlukene icishe ihlolwe njalo ngezithombo.
Esikhundleni sezingane zasekhaya, ungahlela umbhede omncane wengadi engadini, lapho ungatshala khona imbewu yezithombo
Ukuhlola isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu katamatisi Katya, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili izithombo zizodinga ukutshala engadini, futhi emva kwenyanga kuzokwazi ukuvuna. Futhi-ke konke kuya ngesimo sezulu. Esifundeni saseNyakatho Caucasus esinconyelwe yiRegista Yombuso, ungaqala ngokuphepha ukuhlwanyela emabhokisini ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ngoba izithombo sezingatshalwa ngaphambi kwamaholide kaMeyi Day. Kepha emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, uma ungasebenzisi amagumbi okugcina izithombo nezindawo zokukhosela nhlobo, ukutshala izithombo endaweni evulekile kuyingozi ngaphambi kokuqala kwehlobo, ngakho-ke ungahlwanyela kuphela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi, khona-ke utamatisi uzovuthwa ekupheleni kukaJuni.
Ukutshala izithombo kufaka lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ukulungiswa kwembewu (ukulinganisa, ukuthambisa, ukuqinisela; ukubulala amagciwane imbewu enokwethenjwa yesitolo kungashiywa).
Kwesinye isikhathi imbewu iyaqhuma, kepha ungalindi ukuvela kwezimpande ezinde, ezintekenteke
- Ukulungiselela okuncane (ungayithenga esitolo esikhethekile).
Lapho uthenga inhlabathi, kungakuhle ukuthi ukhethe leyo ehloselwe izithombo zikatamatisi
- Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ebhokisini elincane, elinobukhulu bengqimba ka-5 cm, kude le-2-3 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Noma yiliphi ibhokisi elincane lilungele ukutshala imbewu.
- Ukugcina amazinga okushisa: okokuqala azungeze ama-25mayelanaC, lapho kuvela izithombo (izinsuku ezingama-4-5) - hhayi eziphakeme kune-18mayelanaC, bese-ke 20-25mayelanaC. Ukukhanya kufanele kube kwenele.
Kuzithombo ezithole ukukhanya okwanele, imvamisa ibekwa efasiteleni
- Dive izithombo ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalolunye kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye ubudala, okungcono ezinkomweni ngazinye.
Lapho ukhetha, izithombo zingcwatshwa amaqabunga e-cotyledon
- Ukunisela okulinganiselwe nokulinganiselayo, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-1-2 nge-meneral eyinkimbinkimbi.
- Ukugcina: kuqala isonto ngaphambi kokuthi udinge ukutshala izithombo engadini, lapho izithombo zithwelwa khona kuvulandi ngokushesha.
Izithombo zikatamatisi uKatya akaze akhule abe mude: 15-16 cm ubukhulu obujwayelekile. Lokhu kulula: kuthatha indawo encane efasiteleni. Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kungenzeka kuphela lapho kunokuqiniseka ukuthi amakhaza ngeke abuye. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kwakhiwa indawo yokukhosela yamafilimu okwesikhashana.
Umbhede ulungiselelwe endaweni enelanga, wangaphambi kokwethula umthamo ojwayelekile womanyolo. Isikimu esifanelekile sokutshala izithombo singama-50 x 50 cm noma ama-70 x 30 cm, elungele umnikazi kuphela, kepha hhayi isikhuni. Kufakwa umthamo owengeziwe womanyolo (0.5 tbsp. Ash no-1 tsp. Nitrophoska) unezelwa emthonjeni ngamunye. Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo ziniselwa kahle, mulch enhlabathini futhi, uma isimo sezulu sicacile, umthunzi izinsuku eziningana ukusuka elangeni.
Kungcono ukuthi ungene ngokushesha futhi uphansi (kuze kube yingxenye yemitha) ngezikhonkwane: kungekudala kuzodingeka babophe iziqu ezintekenteke kubo. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukhula le utamatisi njengesekela, ungasebenzisa uthango olungandile, futhi ezinye izindlela ezithuthukisiwe, futhi muva nje kuvame ukusetshenziswa imisebe yepulasitiki engandile.
Ukunakekelwa
Utamatisi awabilisiwe, kepha engxenyeni yokuqala yamasethi engadini, adinga ukuniselwa masonto onke, futhi nakushisa kaningi. Amanzi kumele afudumele (okungenani angama-20mayelanaC), ngakho-ke, kuvame ukunisela kusihlwa, lapho ilanga lifudumeza amathangi kahle.
Amabhasi aphendula kahle kwi-hilling encane. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kusiza ukusakaza umlotha wezinkuni phakathi kwezitshalo ezine-ungqimba oluncane. Emavikini lamabili ngemuva kokudlulisa izithombo, utamatisi ufakwa kumanyolo ovundile, noma okungcono, ngokufakwa kwe-mullein (0.5 kg womquba ebhakedeni lamanzi, uthele ukumnika ngaphansi kwezihlahla eziyi-10 ngosuku). Ngesikhathi sokuphaka kwesibili (ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kweziningi), ukugcotshwa kwe-mullein kufanele kuphindwe kabili; ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakuhle ukuthi ungeze i-15-20 g ye-superphosphate ebhakedeni. Ngemuva kwamanye amasonto angama-2-3, bondliwe vele ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen: kuphela ngokufakwa komquba womquba noma we-phosphorus-potassium.
Muva nje, inani elincane le-compact nitrogen lingezwe kwi-superphosphate, kepha i-superphosphate emsulwa yamatamatisi ayisiyibi
Izithungo zikatamatisi ziboshwe lapho kucaca ukuthi ngaphandle kosizo lwangaphandle abasazethembi kakhulu. Ukubopha kwenziwa nge-twine ethambile ngendlela "eyisishiyagalombili". Ngokwakhiwa kwezithelo, lapho izandla ziba nesisindo, kuzosiza ukuzibopha ngobunono.
Abanye abalimi abaluvali lolu nyanya, kodwa-ke, ukwakheka okulungile kwesihlahla kukhulisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yezithelo nokukhiqiza konke. Noma ngabe sinesikhathi, kufanelekile ukuphula izitebhisi eziphansi namaqabunga aphuzi, futhi uma "ngokwemithetho", kufanele wakhe isihlahla sezimbali ezimbili noma ezintathu usebenzisa izingane zokutholwa eziqine, bese ususa zonke ezinye masonto onke.
Ividiyo: izihlahla zamatamatisi achazayo
Ukuvunwa kungenziwa lapho izithelo zivuthwa ngokugcwele, noma ngaphambili kancane: utamatisi onsundu uvuthwe kahle ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa. Ukushisa ngokweqile akusongeli le utamatisi, ngakho-ke ukubambezeleka kokuvuna akuyona into ebulalayo.
Ngemuva kokudlulisela igagasi eliphambili lezithelo ezivuthiwe, uKatya uyaqhubeka ethela izithelo, kepha utamatisi owalandela, njengomthetho, mncane, futhi inani labo lincane.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
Izinhlobonhlobo zinhle impela. Sekuyiminyaka engu-8 ngiyitshalale, unyaka nonyaka ngesivuno esihle, ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu.
Tanya 04
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Lonyaka ... ngatshala utamatisi wezinhlobonhlobo zaseKatya, ngawuthanda impela. Isitaladi, siphansi, sithela izithelo futhi simnandi futhi ukunambitheka kuhle, utamatisi. Ngonyaka olandelayo ngizobatshala impela.
I-Verochka
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Ngitshala uKatya waseSemko ngonyaka wesine. Utamatisi omangalisayo! I-magic wand. Ungazithobi, hhayi ogulayo, ukhiqiza kakhulu. Utamatisi kuyafana, akukho okusabekayo, akukho amahlombe, njll. Manje lapha ku-greenhouse kwakunguye kuphela ongazange aphonse izimbali ekushiseni, abopha konke phezulu. Bengicabanga ukuthi asikho isiqiniseko mayelana nokuvunwa kwamatamatisi, kodwa ngokuqinisekile uKatya ngeke akuvume.
Irusya
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UStepson empeleni futhi njalo. Katya iyi-hybrid echazayo. Ngishiya emabhulashini amane kuya kwayi-6 esihlahleni. Kuya ngesimo sezulu. Maphakathi no-Agasti, phezulu (ngisusa iziqongo) zazo zonke izihlahla. Futhi ngisusa utamatisi obomvu ukuze abanye bathole isisindo.
ILyudmila 62
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UTomato Katya ungomunye wabamele izinhlobo ezivuthiwe ezivuthiwe, kepha ukuvuthwa okuphezulu kakhulu empeleni akukuthinti ukunambitheka kwesithelo. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakubheka njengento enhle kakhulu. Iphrezentheshini ekhangayo kanye nobulula bokutshala kuvumela ukuthi i-hybrid ifunwe phakathi kwabalimi abangochwepheshe nabalimi be-amateur.
