Meadowgrass Meadow isitshalo zisetshenziswa emndenini wamaCereal. Kutholakala yonke indawo ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo nezibandayo zeplanethi yethu. Izitshalo zisetshenziswa njengesitshalo sokuphakelayo, kanye nokwendlalela indawo. Ungotshani obukhulu kanti izinhlobo zawo zibhekwa njengotshani obuhle kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa hhayi eRussia kuphela, kepha naseYurophu, Australia naseMelika.
Izici ze-Botanical
I-Bluegrass ingumbila ongapheli owenziwe ngesigaqa senduku esivumela izinqubo ezilandelanayo. Lokhu kunomthelela ekusakazekeni kwesitshalo nokuqanjwa kwamasodense aminyene. Iziqu zinde ngamasentimitha angama-30-90 cm. Akhula ngokuthe nkqo noma aqambe amanga. Amahlumela athambile impela, okubalulekile ukuthi uhlale kamnandi etshanini. Isiko liqala ukukhula ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqubuka kweqhwa, eliphambi kwamanye amalungu omndeni.
Amahlamvu akha irosette eyisisekelo, futhi futhi amboze ingxenye yayo ngeziqu. Zikhula zibheke phezulu. Ipuleti lephepha elilayini limbozwe ngemithambo ehambisanayo, ububanzi bayo abudluli ku-4 mm.
Izimbali zenzeka ngoMeyi-Julayi. I-panicle engu-15-20 cm ubude yakhiwa ekugcineni kwesiqu. I-inflorescence evulekile yesimo se-pyramidal noma i-oblong iqukethe ama-spikelets amaningana emagatsheni amade we-perpendicular. Aqoqwe ngezingcezu ezi-3-5. Ubude besikhala se-ovoid buyi-3-6 mm. Anombala ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi oluhlaza okotshani futhi afihlwe ngaphansi kwesikali. Izimbali ziqala kusuka eminyakeni engama-2-3 futhi zenzeka kanye ngonyaka.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo
Uhlobo lwe-Bluegrass luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-500. Ezinye zazo ziyingxenye yengxube yembewu yotshani.
Ibanga le-Bluegrass. Isitshalo esine-Rhizome enamagatsha anamanzi sakha isiqu esisodwa. Iqala izinqubo ze-basal ezilandelanayo, ikhula masishane i-turfs evulekile. Iziqu ezithambile ezihlanganisiwe ekuphakameni zikhula ngamasentimitha angama-20-100. Izindlebe zikhululekile, i-pyramidal. Amahlamvu omugqa omfushane apendwe ngotshani aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ububanzi bawo buyi-1.5-4 mm. Izimbali zenzeka ngoJuni-Julayi. Lesi sitshalo sihlala inhlabathi enomswakama ongaphansi komhlaba, izimbotshana ezinelanga kanye nogu lwamanzi amasha. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- I-Sobra - i-emerald eluhlaza, imelana nesomiso;
- Phakathi kwamabili uhlobo oluhlaselayo lwesitshalo olufanele amasimu ezemidlalo namapaki;
- I-Blackberry - amakhambi angaphansi kwe-high ukumelana nokunyathela kanye ne-turf eminyene;
- I-Konni - amakhambi akhula kancane ngobuningi be-turf nokuhlobisa;
- IDolphin iyinhlobonhlobo elukhuni enamahlamvu amnyama aluhlaza.
I-bluegrass imincane. Lesi sitshalo sifana nohlobo lwangaphambilini, noma kunjalo, sinamahlamvu aqondile aqondile afinyelela ku-1-2 mm ububanzi. Amahlumela wobuhlakani aqeda nge-panicle engasabalali. Amagreyidi ayamelana nesomiso, atholakala emaqeleni nasezimeleni ezomile.
I-Bluegrass minyaka yonke. Izinkomo zihlala iminyaka engu-1-2, inezinhlwathi ezithambile, ezihlala ku-5 ukuya ku-35 cm. Imbala, ukuhlanganisa amaqabunga angu-0.5-4 mm ububanzi kuhlanganiswe ezansi kwehlumela. I-panicle evulekile efinyelela ku-6 cm ukuphakama iqukethe inani elincane lama-spikelets. Izindlebe ezihlukile zimbozwe nge-bristles enzima kanye ne-pubescence ende. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi futhi ingahluma kuze kube Septhemba. Ikhula eceleni komgwaqo, esihlabathini esinamatshe noma amatshe amatshe.
I-Bluegrass ejwayelekile. Isitshalo esidala esinokuphakama okungama-20-120 cm sinobunzima obufushane kanye nesiqu esisodwa. Amacembe ama-2-6 cm ububanzi adwetshwe ngombala ohlaza okotshani noma onsomi. NgoJuni-Julayi, amabhlogo asakazayo e-pyramidal panicle angama-6-20 cm phezulu kwesiqu. Ama-spikelets ambozwe ngezikali eziqinile zesinewy ezinama-spikes amancane. Izitshalo zitholakala emithini eminyene nenomswakama omanzi onothe futhi ogcwele ubusawoti ogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi.
I-anyanisi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhlobo ezingama-10-30 cm eziphakeme zinama-sods athambile. Eduze komhlaba kukhona i-rosette eminyene yamaqabunga aluhlaza afushanisiwe angama-1-2 mm ububanzi. Isiqu esingenalutho sigcina ngokuqhaqha, okuqinile okufinyelela ku-7 cm. Ama-spikelets aguqulwe abe ama-bulbs atholakala emagatsheni amabi amancane. Bayakwazi ukuthatha izimpande. Ngenxa yalesi sici, lesi sitshalo sibizwa nangokuthi i- "bluegrass viviparous." Ama-spikelets anemibala eluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi.
I-Bluegrass steppe. Izitshalo zakha amasobho aminyene ngeziqu eziningana ezinamaqabunga. Ukuphakama kwawo kungamasentimitha ayi-15-50. Amaqabunga afinyelela ku-1,2 mm ububanzi afakwa eceleni kwe-eksisi emile futhi ambozwe ngemithambo ehlanganisiwe. I-panicle eminyene ye-cylindrical ngobude ayidluli ku-10 cm. Siqukethe amahlumela afinqiwe nama-spikelets anemibala ephuzi-luhlaza. Iqhakaza ngoJuni.
Ixhaphozi le-Bluegrass. Izitshalo zitholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi olumanzi. Zinezindebe eziqonde noma ezifakwayo ubude obungama-15-80 cm. Amacembe aluhlaza aluhlaza ahlanganiswe ngaphansi kwesisekelo sehlumela. Ububanzi bawo buyi-2-3 mm. Isingenhla sento sihlotshwe umqhele osabalele kuze kube ngu-20 cm. Ama-spikelets ambozwe ngezikali eziphuzi ngezinwele ezimfishane futhi eziqhakaza ngoMeyi.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi nokutshala
Ingca yotshani ingumhlobiso wokusakazwa kwembewu. Ngaphambi kokuthenga inqwaba yembewu, kufanele uyihlole ukuze ihlume. Kulokhu, kukhethwa imbewu eminingana, ifakwa ku-sawdust emanzi futhi enohlonze. Isitsha sishiywe egumbini elikhanyayo emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-20 + C. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, imbewu izoqhuma. Kuyadingeka ukubala iphesenti lembewu etshalwe inani eliphelele. Lokhu kuzonquma inani lembewu elidingekayo.
Ukuhlwanyela kokuqala kwe-bluegrass kwenziwa ngendlela yasebusika, okungukuthi ngo-Agasti. Ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sizokwakha izimo zezulu ezifanele kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwezithombo ezincane zamathenda. Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, amahlumela anamandla azokwakheka, angamelana neqhwa, ukushisa nesomiso. Akunconyelwe ukuhlwanyela i-bluegrass entwasahlobo, ngoba izithombo zingahlushwa isithwathwa sekwephuzile noma ukushisa kwehlobo.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela utshani, kufanele ulungiselele inhlabathi ngokucophelela. Bambe ngokujula kuka-15 cm, ususe ukhula, amatshe nokunye ukungahambi kahle. Amabhande amakhulu omhlaba adonswa endaweni efanayo. I-Meadowgrass Meadow ikhula kahle kuma-loams evundile noma enhlabathini enesihlabathi. Isihlabathi sinconywa ngenhlabathi esindayo. Naka i-acidity. I-Bluegrass ikhula enhlabathini engathathi hlangothi noma ye-alkaline. Uma kunesidingo, kufakwa imbobo emhlabathini. Ngeke kusebenze ukukhulisa utshani obuhle emhlabathini we-saline.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ifakwe emanzini afudumele ngosuku. Zithathwa ngesilinganiso samakhilogremu 2-2,5 ngamakhilomitha skwele emhlaba. Ukusuka ekuhlwanyeleni kuya ekubonakala kwezithombo zokuqala ezinobungane, inhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama kancane. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kuyenziwa. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zamaminerali ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen ne-potassium.
Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Bluegrass
Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, i-bluegrass idinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Kumele iniselwe njalo futhi iqaphe ukwakheka kwengqimba yotshani. Ukunisela kwenziwa kaningana ngesonto, futhi nesomiso esinzima - nsuku zonke. Sebenzisa indlela yokufafaza.
I-Bluegrass ikhula kahle endaweni evulekile yelanga. Emthunzini, ama-turfs angaba ngcono futhi akhule kancane. Ukusheshisa ukukhula, umanyolo kumele usetshenziswe njalo. Ngenxa yesihlezane esinwabuzelayo, okusanhlamvu kuzogcwalisa ngokuzimele amabala empandla otshanini.
Ukuze ikhaphethi eluhlaza ibonakale icocekile, kufanele isikwe njalo. Imvamisa, ukugunda izinwele kwenziwa kathathu ngenyanga, kusale u-5-8 cm wezimila. Ngenxa yokubuyiselwa ngokushesha kwesembozo esiluhlaza, utshani babuyiselwa ngokushesha. Ngeke ahlupheke ngemuva kokudlala ibhola, ipikiniki ngokwemvelo namathayi ezimoto.
Olunye uphawu oluhle lwe-bluegrass ukumelana kwayo nezifo namagciwane. Noma enhlabathini enezikhukhula, akahlushwa izifo zokukhunta.
I-Bluegrass ingahlanganiswa nezinye izitshalo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukhekhe unolaka kakhulu futhi ungasondela kuphela kumakhambi aqinile nezimbali.
