Ukuba nesitshalo esisodwa sasendlini se-violet, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umlimi ubuza lo mbuzo: ukuthi ungawusabalalisa kanjani, ngoba ukuzalanisa kuyajabulisa kakhulu. Noma yisiphi isitshalo siphulukana nobuhle baso budala ngeminyaka, kepha simnandi minyaka yonke ukuncoma izimbali ezibucayi zohlobo oluthandayo. Ukwazi ukuthi ama-violets asakazeka kanjani, akunzima ukuthola indawo entsha.
Izindlela zokusakaza ama-violets: ubuhle nezingozi
Ngokuya ngesipiliyoni sokuzalela i-senpolia, wonke umuntu angakhetha indlela emfanele. Kuyasiza ukubazi bonke, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi akukho ukukhetha nakancane, kuya ngesimo sesitshalo sikamama.
I-Saintpaulia iqoshwe ngamahlamvu wezingane
Amahlamvu
Noma yiliphi iqabunga eliqinile ngaphandle kokugula nezifo lingaba yinto enhle kakhulu yokusakazeka kokutshala kwe-senpolia. Isikhathi esikahle singuMashi, lapho kungekho ukushisa, futhi usuku lukhula. Kepha njengesilinganiso sokutakula esiphuthumayo, le ndlela ingasetshenziswa cishe unyaka wonke.
Izinzuzo:
- izinto ezibonakalayo zihlala ziseduze;
- ukuphuma okukhulu kwezingane: kusuka ephepheni elilodwa kuya ezitolo eziningana;
- cishe umphumela oqinisekisiwe, ngokuya ngemithetho elula;
- kungenziwa unyaka wonke.
Umthengi:
- imiphumela emihle kakhulu inikezwa ngo-rooting ngoMashi;
- ukwephula umthetho wokuboshwa kuzoholela ekufeni kweshidi nezingane;
- isikhathi esincane sokwamukela izingane izinyanga ezimbili.
Ukuthola isipiliyoni ngokutshala ama-violets ebhodweni eneqabunga, ngokuzayo kungaphindwa kaningi ngendlela othanda ngayo, uphawula ama-nuances angeziwe.
Izimbumbulu, izingxenye zesiqu
Lolu hlobo lokusakazeka aluhlukile kweqabunga futhi lusetshenziswa lapho lungekho iqabunga eliphelele nelinamandla kuso. Ngakho-ke, bathatha isiqu seqabunga ngesiqephu sethambo eliyinhloko noma basike ingxenye esemaphakathi yesiqu. I-Shank isikhathi eside, okungcono. Ingxenye yesiqu sithathwa ubude be-1-1,5 cm ukusuka enkabeni, isusa umqhele (uma usesimweni esibi), kanye nengxenye yonke engezansi enezimpande.
Kubalulekile! Kusetshenziswa ummese obukhali kakhulu ukusika, futhi zonke izingxenye zigqunywe kancane, bese ziphathwa ngotshwala.
Ingxenye yesiqu se-violet ngomqhele nezimpande ezincane
Izinto zokutshala zingcwatshwe enhlabathini nge-1-1,5 cm futhi zimbozwe nge-cap esobala. Egreenhouse enjalo emasontweni amathathu ezayo, izingxenye ezisebenzayo ze-violet zizokwazi ukukhipha izimpande. Uma uthatha isitsha esinezindonga ezisobala zokufika, ngokushesha izimpande zizohluka ngokusobala. Ingxenye yesiqu, njengesiqu, kufanele inikeze izingane, ezingatshalwa ngokucophelela ezimbizeni ezihlukene.
Ubuhle: izingxenye ezinkulu zinamandla amaningi okukhula ngezimpande ezisencane. Ububi: phambi kohlobo oluthile lwesifo sokukhunta, alikho ithuba lokuqandula.
Isiqu sezimbali
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-warts, ngokwesibonelo, ama-chimera, angabiliswa ngobuningi obukhulu ngale ndlela. Imbewu namaqabunga akuphathi iqoqo eliphelele lezakhi ezikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze umthunzi oyingqayizivele wezimbali nokubukeka kwawo, kanye namaqabunga. Ukuthola ama-clones, kuthathwa izithungo zezimbali, zikhule ngendlela efanayo namaqabunga.
Ingxenye egxilile ye-peduncle
Ngaphezu kwendlela: 100% ukulondolozwa kwazo zonke izici zezinhlobo ezingandile.
Ububi: ubunzima obukhulu bendlela nokusinda okuphansi kwama-peduncle (isilinganiso esingu-1 kwabangu-4-5 noma ngaphansi).
Imbewu
Imbewu yama-violets incane kakhulu, kunzima ukuyiphatha ngenxa yalokhu. Kuthengiswa, cishe akwenzeki. Isizathu esikhulu: isikhathi sokumila esifushane (kufika ezinyangeni ezine). Ngakho-ke, indlela isetshenziswa kuphela yilabo abakha ngenhloso izinhlobo ezintsha. Futhi: ungathola izithunzi ezintsha zezimbali ngokuwela i-violets enezimpawu ezahlukahlukene.
Igqabhula leqabunga le-violet emanzini
Ungagxila emhlabathini (amasonto ama-2-3) noma emanzini (cishe amasonto amane). Ezinyangeni ezi-1-3 ngemuva kokukhula kwezithelo, izingane ziyavela. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama ofanele, inkomishi enamaqabunga igcinwa ngaphansi kwesiqu noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa.
I-rooting violets emanzini
Ungasusa kanjani izimpande eqandeni: Ukulungiselela ukuhluma
Uma iqabunga lilele isikhathi eside (amahora angaphezu kwama-5), lapho-ke kudingeka ukuthi livunyelwe ukugcwaliswa ngamanzi ngethonsi le-potanganum permanganate (amahora angama-2-3). Kungcono ukusebenzisa amaqabunga emihluzi engu-2-3 yokuphuma kwayo ukuze ikhiqizwe kabusha. Isiqu sishiywe ubude kuze kube ngu-2 cm. Uma kusetshenziswa ingxenye yephepha, ukusikwa kunikezwa imizuzu eyi-15 womile ngokushesha ngokuwuhlikihla ngotshwala.
Izimo ezifanele
Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-greenhouse epulasitiki ebonakalayo ene-lid. Kanye ngosuku, isivalo sivulelwa umoya omncane. Uma kukhona umkhondo womonakalo eshidini, ke ungambozi ngesembozo. Ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe akudingekile uma uqala ukusebenza entwasahlobo noma ehlobo.
Ungayikhulisa kanjani i-violet evela eqabunga ekhaya e-agroperlite
Le ndlela entsha inezinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile ngaphezulu kokukhula kwezimpawu emanzini. Ku-agroperlite, izimpande zikhula ngendlela efanayo nasenhlabathini, eyenza lula inqubo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo lapho zithutha zingena emhlabathini. I-Agroperlite iyinyumba, ingaphefumula, futhi inomswakama kahle. Ingasetshenziswa isolo, futhi ihlanganiswe ne-vermiculite ne-peat. Isilinganiso, ngokwesilinganiso, siqala izimpande ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, emva kwalokho sikulungele ukusithela enhlabathini.
Ukuhluma kwama-violets ku-agroperlite
Ukusakazwa kwama-violets ngeqabunga ekhaya ngesinyathelo
Ungabhapathiza iqabunga elisanda kusikwa enhlabathini ngaphandle kokuvinjwa, akukho kulungiswa okudingekayo, kubalulekile kuphela ukudala izimo ezifanele zezimpande ezikhulayo. Ukusebenzisa izimpande kungasheshisa inqubo, kepha noma ngaphandle kwayo, amathuba okuthola izimpande aphezulu.
Inhlabathi
Ngendebe (ububanzi obuyi-5 cm), amanzi (isihlabathi, udaka olunwetshisiwe) kufakwa phansi, futhi izimbobo zenzelwe futhi ukuthi kube khona amanzi, lapho kungcono khona ukuhambisa amanzi. Umhlabathi ofanele wokuthathwa kweengcingo uthengwa esitolo noma olungiselelwe ngokuxuba i-vermiculite ne-perlite, i-peat, amalahle omhlabathi ocolekileyo nenhlabathi evundile. Ingxenye yokuhlakazeka ifinyelela ku-30-50%. I-Optimum acidity pH = 5.5-6.5.
Nakani! Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukwethula inani elincane lama-egghells achobozwe kahle.
Ukushisa, umswakama, ukukhanyisa
AmaVarts angakhula kahle ebangeni lokushisa ukusuka ku-14 ° C kuye ku-29 ° C. Umbuso we-20-22 ° C ulungele izitshalo zabantu abadala, kanye no-24-26 ° C ukusika okugxilile. Ukugxuma okungaphezulu kuka-3 ° C ngosuku sekuyehlisa intuthuko, futhi ngaphezu kuka-6 ° C kuzokwenza ube yiqhwa isikhathi eside. Ama-Violets afana nomoya omswakama (ngaphezulu kwama-60%), kepha awaphenduki kahle kumaconsi amanzi emaqabunga nasezimbali. Kusezingeni eliphezulu ukubeka imbiza epanini lesibili eligcwalisiwe eligcwele amanzi, bese igcina eyokuqala emva kokunisela.
ISenpolis iyakuthanda ukukhanya, kepha ihlakazeke emafasiteleni asempumalanga nasentshonalanga noma emthunzini wezitshalo ezinkulu.
Izinga lomhlabathi lokutshala iqabunga
Ukuthola inhlabathi ye-friability oyifunayo nesakhiwo, kufakwa izakhi kuwo ezikhulisa umthamo womoya kanye namandla okugcina umswakama: i-vermiculite, perlite, namalahle, isihlabathi, i-sphagnum moss. Zonke azicasuli ibhalansi ye-acid futhi aziguquli ukwakheka kwamagciwane kube kubi.
Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukufudumeza inhlabathi eqeda kuhhavini ukubulala isikhunta, izifo nezinambuzane.
Ungayisakaza kanjani i-violet nge-peduncle
Lapho nje i-peduncle ikhula ibe ukuphakama kwayo okuphezulu futhi ukuqhakaza kwayo kuvuleke, izimbali zisikwa ngokucophelela. I-peduncle ngokwayo isikwa eduze ngangokunokwenzeka kuze kube sezingeni lokukhula kwayo kusuka endaweni yokuphuma. Imfoloko enamaqabunga aluhlaza angama-2-3 kufanele ihlale. Ukuphela okuphansi kufakwa emhlabathini ama-violets futhi uqiniseke ukumboza nge-cap esobala kusuka phezulu, kusale endaweni efudumele (20-22 ° C). Kuyivelakancane futhi ngokunisela okunamanzi nge-pipette evela ku-pipette, ngoba ukugcotshwa kwamanzi kuyonakalisa i-peduncle nezimpande zayo. Ukubamba imbala kuthatha izinyanga ezingama-2-3.
Amaphutha Ajwayelekile Wokuzala
Umphumela ongemuhle kwesinye isikhathi okokuqala uzama ukuzala i-senpolia. Izizathu zokwehluleka:
- Ukubola kweshidi. Esikhathini esiningi kwenzeka ngenxa yokubamba amanzi, ikakhulukazi ebusika. Ukusheshisa ukubekezela, isilayidi sicwilisa empandeni ngaphambi kokuntywiliselwa enhlabathini.
- Amanzi asezinkomishini zokwenza ukhula ancava magciwane ahlanganiswe namalahle.
- Iqabunga elinezimpande laba livila. Kufanele ibekwe kwi-greenhouse futhi incishiswe isikhathi sokunisela.
- Ishidi liphenduke laba mnyama. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yomswakama ngokweqile kanye nokushiswa yilanga. Imbiza idinga ukuhlanzwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa kude nelanga eliqondile futhi yomiswe.
Nakani! Umthetho ojwayelekile: kungcono ukoma kancane kunokugcwalisa inhlabathi. Lapho ubamba amanzi amaningi, kufanele uyishintshe ukuze ihlanzeke nsuku zonke, bese ugeza ingilazi.
I-Violet transplant ngemuva kokuhluma
Lapho nje kwakhiwa ama-rosette wezingane, ahlukaniswe ngokucophelela futhi adluliselwe ezitsheni ezintsha. Isikhathi esihle ukwindla (Septhemba-Okthoba). Ubusika isikhathi esingafanele kakhulu. Ngokuzayo ukuguqulwa kwembiza kuzokwenzeka entwasahlobo (ngoFebhuwari-Mashi).
Ungakuthola kanjani ukulungela kwesitshalo ukufakelwa
Isibonakaliso sokufakelwa ukugcwaliswa kwembiza ngezimpande, kanye nangokunamathela okumhlophe ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi - udaka lwamaminerali. Uma izimpande zisekela udonga lwebhodwe, zikhipha emigodini yangaphansi yokudonsa, lokhu sekuyicala elinganakwa, ukufakelwa kudingeka ngokuphuthumayo. Injongo ukuguqula inhlabathi ibe yintsha, enothe ngezakhi zomzimba. Izimpande ezintsha zikhula kusuka engxenyeni yesiqu esingaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo siyakhululwa emaqabunga amadala aphansi (uma kunesidingo), futhi isiqu singcwatshwa kancane.
Izingane zihlukaniswe omunye komunye
Nakani! Ungashiya imbiza ifane. Ngokukhula komthamo, ukuqhakaza ngeke kwenzeke kuze kube yilapho i-violet ifinyelele ivolumu entsha.
Ungayikhetha futhi uyilungiselele kanjani inhlabathi yokutshala
Umhlaba ulungile nge-acidity ye-pH = 5.5-6.5. Lapho ukhetha i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo esitolo, okuthandwa kunikezwa hhayi kumnyama, kepha enhlabathini onsundu ocebile nge-peat-graised-grained-peat. Ukuhlakazeka okuhlukahlukene kuhlanganiswa kuyo ingxenye yesithathu yevolumu: isihlabathi, amalahle, i-vermiculite, i-coconut fiber, i-perlite, i-sphagnum moss.
Umswakama, izinga lokushisa, ukukhanyisa
Ngemuva kokulinda kuze kube yilapho umhlabathi womile, imbovane iyakhishwa ebhodweni elidala, ligudluzwe ngobunono emhlabathini omdala. Izimpande ezinde, ezindala futhi ezibolile ziyasuswa. Umugqa ongezansi wamaqabunga uyanqothulwa uma ubukeka ungasebenzi, unikezwe ukuthi lokhu kuzobambezela ukuqhakaza okungenani inyanga.
Izinsuku ezimbili zokuqala emva kokufakelwa, ukuchelela akwenzelwa ukunikeza isikhathi sokusinda ekulimaleni kwezimpande. Imbiza ibekwa endaweni efudumele (23-25 ° C). Uma umoya womile kakhulu (umswakama 50% noma ngaphansi), bese usebenzisa i-hotbed.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhanyisa kudinga amahora ayi-12, ngakho-ke uma ukukhanya kwemini kufushane kakhulu, kuyalulekwa ukuhlela ukukhanyisela emuva.
Ukusakazwa kwama-violets ngembewu
Uma umqoqi waba nenhlanhla ngokwanele yokuhlangana athengise imbewu ye-senpolia, khona-ke ukukhula kwezitshalo ezihlukile kuzo akunzima kakhulu ekhaya.
Imbewu entshwayo ibukeka kanjani
Akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa imbewu ekhula kokukhula, mincane kakhulu. Umbala wabo usuka kumnyama uye onsundu. Okuwukuphela kokuma kokuhluma usuku lokukhishwa oluchazwe ngumphakeli.
Imbewu yase-Saintpaulia
Ungazilungiselela kanjani imbewu zokutshala enhlabathini
Ukusabalalisa imbewu ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, ziyadonsa. Thatha amaphilisi ambalwa wekhabhoni ocushiwe bese uwaqhubela othulini. Ngemuva kwalokho amalahle nembewu kuxutshwa. Ukudonsa amaconsi ambalwa amanzi engxube, hlanganisa ngobumnene. Kufanele kuphume izigaxa ezincane - zidonsa ngembewu ngaphakathi.
Izimo ezifanele zokukhula kwembewu
Isici esinqumayo izinga lokushisa. Ku-20 ° C, izithombo zizovela emavikini amathathu, naku-25 ° C emasontweni amabili. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ethangini elingaphezulu kwenhlabathi, cishe ngaphandle kokujula (ungafafaza kancane ngesihlabathi esihlanzekile). Hlanza kusuka ebhodleleni lokufafaza, bese ukumboza ngesembozo noma ngengilazi esobala. Le ndawo ikhethwe ngokukhanyayo, kepha ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile, ibunjiwe kancane.
I-Senpolia iyahluma
Imithetho yokunakekela amahlumela amancane
Ukuze izithombo zikhule, kepha hhayi ukunwebeka, udinga ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-17-18 ° C. Ukuchelela kwenziwa ukuze inhlabathi imanzi kancane, kepha ingamanzi. Ukugcotshwa kwamanzi kungabhubhisa zonke izithombo. Ngena lapho wenza ishidi lokuqala langempela esitsheni elikhudlwana. Ngemuva kwezinye izinsuku eziyi-10, ungatshala amabhodwe okuqala amancane kakhulu (amasentimitha angama-5 cm).
Ukukha izithombo of senpolia
Ukukhula kwe-senpolis ekhaya kuyinqubo ejabulisa kakhulu, egcwala ama-nuances amaningi ajabulisayo. Kungabonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi, kepha isipiliyoni sendlela yokusakaza ama-violets ngezindlela ezahlukile siza ngokushesha, futhi imiphumela iwufanele umzamo.
