ILavatera isitshalo esiqhakaza unyaka nonyaka noma esidla esiphundu esivela emndenini iMalvaceae. Endle, ingatholakala eningizimu yeYurophu noma eNyakatho Afrika. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziphambili, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezithakazelisa kakhulu ngombala ohlukahlukane kakhulu wezilwane ezifuywayo. Kulula ukuyilondolozela, isitshalo esingenakukholwa sakha amathanga aminyene, embozwe kakhulu ngezimbali ezinkulu ezifana namagrama. Abantu beLavater bangatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama "hatma" noma "rose rose". Amabhasi ngaso sonke isikhathi abukeka kahle ngokuhlobisa futhi alungele ingadi ngesitayela semvelo nokulinywa kwembiza.
Incazelo yezitshalo
ILavatera ine-rhizome eqinile yamahlamvu. Amahlumela aqinile, aqoshwe embozwe ngamagxolo aluhlaza amnyama aqhakaza ngaphezu komhlaba. Ukuphakama kwawo kungamasentimitha angama-30-150. Amagatsha anamandla ambozwe ngamaqabunga we-peedolate, ahlukaniswe ngamasheya ayi-3-5. Phakathi kwemithambo, ipuleti lamaqabunga lithambile, liqinile noma li-pubescent. Ipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ngobubanzi, iqabunga lingamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya ku-35. Amaqabunga akhula ngokuphambene nalo lonke ubude besiqu. Izinhlobo ezingaphezulu zincane kakhulu kunalezo ezisisekelo.
I-Lavater yaziswa kakhulu ngokuqhakaza kwayo okude nokuchichimayo. Kuqala ngoJuni futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube yilapho kubanda kakhulu ekwindla. I-corolla eyakheke njenge-funeli ebunjiwe ubude be-5-10 cm iqukethe amacembe amahlanu abanzi. Zingadwetshwa ngombala owodwa noma zibe nombala o-gradient. Ama-petal taper abheke esikhungweni futhi anendawo eyonakalisiwe. Izimbali ze-bisexual ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence a-genemose axegayo kuma-axils amaqabunga naphezu kwesiqu. Ziqhakaza zibe izingcezu eziningana bese kancane kancane zithathe indawo yazo. Maphakathi nembali kukhona ikholomu emfishane futhi enobukhulu, embozwe ngumbukiso omude wefilidi ne-ovary.
Izimbali zihambisana nephunga elimnandi le-tart eliheha izinambuzane. ILavatera isitshalo esihle sikaju. Ngemuva kokuvundela, qinisa, amabhokisi enhlamvu yesigubhu avuthiwe. Ngaphakathi kukhona imbewu emnyama engwevu-emnyama ethi, lapho inyakaziswa, ishaye odongeni lwebhokisi.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa
Uhlobo lweLavatera luqukethe izinhlobo ezingama-25. Zingahlukaniswa izitshalo zonyaka nezingapheli. Kaningi, abalimi bathanda izinhlobo zokuhlobisa, ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ezithandwa emasikweni.
ILavatera yonyaka (izinyanga ezintathu). Lesi sitshalo sakha izihlahla ezivulekile eziphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-50-120. Amaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza atholakala kulo lonke ubude bamahlumela bese sikhula silincane. NgoJulayi, izimbali ezime njengamahlaya eyodwa ziyaqhakaza kumazembe amaqabunga. Ububanzi bawo bufinyelela ku-10 cm. Izimbali zinde kakhulu futhi ziningi. Izinhlobo:
- Ubuhle - isihlahla eside esidonsayo esinezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe, ezipinki noma ze-carmine;
- ISherub emhlophe - izinhlobonhlobo ezimfushane (kufika ku-35 cm) ezinama-inflorescence amakhulu eqhwa;
- Isitsha sesiliva - isihlahla esifinyelela ku-70 cm ukuphakeme simbozwe izimbali zesiliva-pink ngemivimbo e-burgundy;
- Ama-Tweens Hot Pink - izimbali ezipinki eziqhakazile ziyaqhakaza esihlahleni ukuya kufinyelela ku-40 cm ukuphakama;
- I-Tanagra - izimbali ezibomvu zihlobisa isihlahla esikhulayo esifinyelela ku-50 cm ukuphakama.
I-Lavatera perennial (iToringian). Isihlahla esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 sikhula amahlumela angamahlamvu aqondile ambozwe ngenhlamvu enomzimba noma oyindilinga. Kumaqabunga neziqu kunenqwaba yemibala ephuzi. Izimbali zomsuka zohlanga ziqhakaza kusuka kuma-axils amaqabunga maphakathi noJuni. Ububanzi be-nimbus ye-tubular buyi-1.5-7 cm. Amaqabunga alolu hlobo anezinto zokupholisa. Izinhlobo:
- I-Mystic Marilyn - isihlahla esingafika ku-180 cm ukuphakeme simbozwe ngezimbali ezimbubende noma ze-violet;
- Iziphethu zeBregon - izimbali ezipinki ngemivimbo e-raspberry ziyaqhakaza kumahlumela anamandla angu-1,3 m;
- I-Barnsley Baby - isihlahla esiphakeme esiphakathi simbozwe ngamahlamvu amhlophe apinki.
Ukukhula kweLavatera kusuka kwiMbewu
Zonke izinhlobo ze-lavatera zisakazeka kalula ngembewu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sinikeza ukuzitshala okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kwanele ukuwutshala kanye futhi ngeke uze unakekele ukutshala okuningi. Esimweni sezulu esipholile, i-lavater itshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Bahlwanyela eLavater ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Wemba kuqala isiza ngomquba kanye ne-nitrophos. Imbewu eyomile isatshalaliswa ngaphandle kokulashwa kokuqala kuma-grooves afinyelela ku-1 cm. Izitshalo zifafazwa ngomhlabathi bese zimbozwa. Kuyasiza ukumboza nge-foil.
Ngasekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala, kuvela amahlumela e-lavatera, ngemuva kwalokho kukhishwe indawo yokukhosela. Lapho izithombo zikhula zibe ngu-5 cm ukuphakama, ziyancipha. Phakathi kwezitshalo zabantu abadala kuyadingeka ukuba kugcinwe ibanga elingama-20-25 cm. Izithombo zabantu minyaka yonke ziyaqhakaza ekuqaleni. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2,5 ukuya kwezingu-2, kuvela iziqu zokuqala kubo. Ukuqhakaza kwaqala ekupheleni kukaMeyi, izithombo zikhuliswa kuqala.
Kuyadingeka ukutshala izithombo zezithombo ekuqaleni kukaMashi, khona-ke ngoMeyi izitshalo ezinkulu zizobe sezilungele umhlobiso wensimu yezimbali. Amabhokisi anomhlabathi ovundile okhanyayo alungiselelwe ukutshala. Imbewu isatshalaliswa ekujuleni kuka-1 cm. Ingaphezulu lomhlaba lifafazwe ngamanzi futhi limbozwe ngengilazi. I-greenhouse ibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo, efudumele. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15, kuvela izithombo. Ngemuva kwalokho, isembozo siyasuswa bese inhlabathi ivundiswa njalo. I-Lavater izwela kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aqandayo, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukushesha ungene endaweni evulekile. Ngokuqondile kusuka ebhokisini ekupheleni kukaMeyi, izithombo zitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Endaweni evulekile, i-lavater ithanda inhlabathi evundile evulekile nezindawo ezivulekile zelanga. IHatma ikhula kabi emhlabathini omanzi wobumba kune-chernozems noma ngesihlabathi esimanzi. Futhi, isitshalo se-thermophilic asisabeli kahle ekuvutheni komoya obandayo.
Masinyane nje ngemuva kokudlulisa izithombo, inhlabathi iyaniselwa, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesonto kugqokwe ukugqokwa kuqala kwe-potassium-phosphorus. Izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Badinga ukhula njalo nokususwa kokhula. Amabanga aphezulu asheshe acabange ukwesekwa, ngoba isiqu singasuka emoyeni nasemvuleni enkulu.
Udinga ukunisela i-lavater njalo. Amaqabunga amakhulu aqothuka umswakama omningi futhi, lapho uniselwa ngokunganele, ubuna. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi nakho kunciphisa inani lemibala. Kulokhu, lonke uketshezi kufanele lujule emhlabathini, futhi lungagxili ezimpandeni. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, ukuchelela nokufafaza kwenziwa kusihlwa, ukuze ukuvutha kungabonakali kumahlamvu.
Kusukela esikhathini sokutshala kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, i-lavater yondliwa kabili ngenyanga. Ngenkathi lesi sitshalo sakha ubunzima obuluhlaza, i-nitrogen ne-potassium kufanele ibe khona ezindaweni ezinamaminerali. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, izinga labo liyancishiswa, kepha ingxenye ye-phosphorus iyakhuphuka.
Njengoba izimbali zibuna, kunconywa ukuba zincishwe. Lokhu kunomthelela ekubekeni kwezimbali ezintsha zezimbali. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimbali ezishonile zihlangana namanzi emvula zikhipha izinto ezingama-mucous ezishisa amaqabunga.
Ekwindla, yonke indawo enkulu yeminyaka iyanqunywa, bese kuthiwe indawo. Azama ukugoba i-hut yaphakade emhlabathini futhi amboze ngamahlamvu noma amaqabunga angama-spruce. Entwasahlobo, kususwa indawo yokukhosela, futhi ingxenye yamahlumela iyanqunywa.
Kuyaqabukela, i-lavater ingahlushwa ukugqwala kwamaqabunga lapho kuvela amabala obomvu noma ansundu nokuvela kokugquma kwamahlamvu. Ukwelashwa okuvela ku- "zethusi sulfate" noma "Bordeaux liquid" kusindisa kulesi sifo. Ama-parasites esitshalweni awavami ukuhlalisa, kuphela uma isihlahla esinegciwane sikhula eduze, ama-aphid noma amhlophe amhlophe angathuthela endaweni yokuqola. Ukwelashwa ngesibulala-zinambuzane ("Actara") kukuvumela ukuthi ususe ngokushesha izinambuzane.
Tshala ekwakhiweni komhlaba
I-Lavater ihlobisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ivame ukutshala ngokuzimela. Amabanga aphezulu alungile eyedwa, angafihla izakhiwo ezingezinhle noma ezinye izinto ezingasebenzi. Izinhlobo ezikhula kancane zisetshenziselwa ukubiyela imizila noma ukubeka isiza indawo. Ngemuva kokutshala ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-lavatera, ungakha umhlobiso onemibala emhlabathini.
Lapho uhlanganisa i-lavatera engadini yezimbali nezinye izitshalo, udinga ukugxila kumbala wezimbali. I-White Lavatera ihamba kahle nge-peunia nsomi ne-ageratum. I-Pink - ene-verbena, i-sage, i-iris ne-delphinium.
Ukuphulukisa izakhiwo
Amaqabunga nezimpande ze-lavatera zisetshenziswa ezinezinto zokuphilisa. Amaqabunga aqoqwa phakathi kwezimbali, nezimpande - ngemuva kokuphothulwa. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisiwe zomiswa endaweni epholile, enomthunzi futhi igcinwe unyaka wonke emaphepheni noma ezindwangu.
I-decoction evela ezimpandeni iqinisa amasosha omzimba, isiza ukulwa nomkhuhlane, ihlanza i-sputum futhi ibe nomphumela olindelekile. Amafutha kanye nokugcotshwa okuvela emaqabunga kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha okwehlisa amandla, kanye nokudambisa izimpawu ze-neuralgia ne-rheumatism.
