I-Pyrethrum isitshalo esidala esiningi esinezimpande ze-herbaceous. Ingesomndeni i-Asteraceae futhi ikhula e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Lesi sitshalo esingenakuthembeka nakanjani sikhanga abathandi bama-daisies, ngoba izimbali ziyafana impela ngesimo kubo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye bahlukaniswa umnyombo ovuthayo kanye nemithunzi ekhanyayo yezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zayo eziphezulu zokuhlobisa, i-feverfew iyaziwa ngekhono layo lokunqanda izinambuzane ezinobungozi njengamabafu nezimbungulu zombhede. Kwesinye isikhathi lesi sitshalo singatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama "Dalmatia", "Persian" noma "Caucasian chamomile", esibonisa indawo yohlobo oluthile.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-pyrethrum inohlelo oluyimpande ye-fibrous futhi amahlumela otshani aqhakazile anobude obungamasentimitha angama-50-70. Amaqabunga wesimo esibonakalalisiwe adwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lazo liqoqwa ezansi endaweni ephumayo. Futhi, amapheshana amaningana abekwe ngokulandelayo esiqwini, noma kunjalo, mancane.
Ingaphezulu lokudubula ngakunye kuthweswe umqhele omkhulu we-inflorescence "basket" cm ongu-3-6 cm. Unamaphondo amade nomsuka ovuthiwe, oqukethe izimbali zomhlanga nezesifuba. Izimbali zomhlanga zigxunyekwe emaphethelweni, zivame ukuba nombala opinki. Izimbali ze-tubular eziphuzi maphakathi ne-inflorescence. Amaphayini we-Smooth oqondile angadwetshwa okumhlophe, ophuzi, opinki, okusajingijolo noma okuyi-lilac. Izimbali ze-feverfew zenzeka ngoJuni-Julayi. Ngokusika, ungafinyelela izimbali ezinde.
Ngemuva kokuvunda, izithelo ziyavuthwa - ukukhanya ama-achenes ansundu. Zinezimbambo ezingafika kweziyishumi nomqhele o-lobed noma we-serated. Imbewu encane ende igcina ukuhluma iminyaka emithathu.
Izinhlobo ze-feverfew
Amanye ama-botanists athi cishe zingama-50 izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhona kuhlobo lwe-pyrethrum, kodwa abanye ochwepheshe bayaqiniseka ukuthi inani labo selwedlule ikhulu. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo:
UPyrethrum uyintombazane. Amagatsha aqondile aqobekile phezulu. Ngokwakheka kwesihlahla namaqabunga, afana ne-chrysanthemums. Izitshalo ezingama-50 cm ziphezulu ngamanani amancane we-inflorescence anomgogodla ovuthiwe, we-pom-pom-like. Ama-inflorescence anesilinganiso esingaba ngu-2 cm apendwe mhlophe noma aphuzi. Izinhlobo:
- Izinkanyezi Ezimhlophe - isihlahla esinamakhompiyutha afinyelela ku-25 cm ukuphakama kumhlophe qhwa, okufana nokufana kwama-inflorescence;
- I-Gold Ball - isihlahla esiminyene esihlangene ezinezimbali eziphuzi eziphindwe kabili.
I-Pyrethrum pink. Isitshalo esidala esinamahlumela anamagatsha anamanzi sikhula ngo-60-70 cm ukuphakama. Amahlumela aqondile ngezansi ambozwe ngamahlamvu aluhlaza aluhlaza. Obhasikidi abangashadi abangafika ku-6 cm ubukhulu baqukethe umnyombo okhanyayo ophuzi kanye nokhonkolo obomvana obomvana. Amabhulogi ngoJuni ngenyanga. Izinhlobo:
- I-Atrosanguinea - isihlahla esinamagatsha angama-60 cm ambozwe izimbali ezinkulu ezinamaphara abomvu amnyama nomongo ophuzi ophuzi;
- UBrenda - uqhakaza izimbali ezi-pink terry ezikhanyayo;
- UKelway Glitter - ngama-inflorescence abomvu abomvu.
I-pyrethrum inkulu-i-leaved. Ukuphakama kwaphakade kungamamitha ayi-1-1,5. Sihlahla esinesiqu esinezihlahla ezinamagatsha embozwe ngamahlamvu amade aphakanyiswe izimbali. Izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe ezinomsuka omkhulu ngokwanele ziqoqwa kuma-corymbose inflorescence afinyelela ku-10 cm ubukhulu.
Ukuzala
I-Pyrethrum isakazwa ngembewu, ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla kanye ne-petioles. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kulula impela, ngoba unyaka nonyaka izitshalo zinikeza imbewu eningi. Kodwa-ke, izimbali zivame ukufudunyezwa impova, ngakho-ke izithombo azivamile ukuthola ifa lokuhlukahluka kwezitshalo zomama. Ngisho kusuka ebhokisini lembewu elilodwa kungakhula ama-daisies ahluke ngokuphelele. Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, imbewu ihlwanyelwa izithombo emabhokisini angajulile ngesihlabathi nangomhlabathi we-peat. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga amabili angempela, izithombo zidonswa ezimbizeni ezihlukene. NgoMeyi, lapho iqhwa lidlula, izimbali zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngonyaka wokuqala, kuphela izitshalo ezimbalwa eziqhakaza.
IPyrethrum ihlala ikhula isihlahla ngenxa yezinqubo ezilandelanayo. Kunconywa ukuyihlukanisa njalo eminyakeni emi-3-4. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekugcineni kokuqhakaza izimbali, kubiwa isihlahla esikhulu, kukhululwe ku-coma yobumba bese ihlukaniswa ngesandla ngezingxenye. I-feverfew ehlukaniswe kahle kakhulu akudingekile. Ngokushesha emva kokukhwabanisa, i-Delenki itshalwa emigodini yokutshala elungiselelwe futhi iniselwa kahle.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-pyrethrum zisakazwa ukusikwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti, amahlumela amasha wezimpande asikiwe. Zenziwe emgodini oyingcosana endaweni evundile evundile. Kuyacebisa ukumboza izingcezu ngefilimu ukuze zingashisi. Udinga ukufaka umoya omncane njalo futhi ufafaze izitshalo ezincane. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, zizokuthatha izimpande bese izithombo zingahanjiswa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ngisho abalimi abamatasa noma abavilaphayo bangatshala i-feverfew egcekeni labo, ngoba lesi sitshalo sidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane. Ngokumiswa kwayo, kukhethwa izindawo ezinelanga elinelanga. Ungatshala i-feverfew futhi emthunzini oyingxenye, kulokhu amahlumela azokwengeza okuthe xaxa. Umhlabathi wokutshala ungacishe ube yilutho. IPyrethrum ayibekezeleli kahle kuphela inhlabathi esindayo. Ensimini evundile yezitshalo, izitshalo zizobukeka zi-oda lokukhulu. Inhlabathi ene-asidi kakhulu, kunconywa ukufaka inani elincane lomlotha.
IPyrethrum isitshalo esibekezelela isomiso. Zidinga ukuniselwa kuphela ekushiseni okukhulu okuhlala isikhathi eside, lapho amaqabunga eqala ukulahlekelwa yi-turgor, kanye nokuqhekeka kwenhlabathi. Ukunisela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kubaluleke kakhulu. Isikhathi sonke, izitshalo zidlula ngokuphelele imvula yezemvelo. Masishane ngemuva kokutshala, inhlabathi ingafakwa i-peat noma utshani oqoshiwe. Kulokhu, ngemuva kokunisela, amagagasi aminyene ngeke akheke, nokhula luyeke ukukhathaza.
Ukondla kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesizini. Izitshalo zeMullein zisabela kahle kakhulu. Umanyolo wokuqala wenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba i-inflorescences ibune, kwethulwa ukwakhiwa kwamaminerali okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ungakwazi ukunisela izihlahla nge ukumnika ukhula shredred.
Ama-inflorescence angama-Wilted adinga ukusikwa. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukuzimela, futhi kuvume nesitshalo ukuthi sakhe amandla siphinde sibuye siqhakaze ukuqhakaza ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-1-2. Amabanga aphezulu endaweni evulekile, eshaywayo angahle adinge i-garter.
Awukwazi ukhule izimbali endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside, njengoba izihlahla ezikhulayo ezinezimpande zazo ziphazamisana futhi ziqeda inhlabathi. Njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-4 zihlukaniswa futhi zidluliselwe endaweni entsha.
Ama-pyrethrum amelana nezifo zezitshalo kanye namagciwane amaningi. Imifino yabo enoshukela yayithanda ama-slgs. Ungasusa izinambuzane usebenzisa isithiyo esingenakufinyeleleka esenziwe ngomlotha noma ngama-egghells aqhobozekile. Abanye abalimi babeka amabhodi eduze kwezihlahla ezingaphansi kwazo ezifihlwa ukushisa ehlobo nalapho zitholakala kalula futhi zichitha khona.
I-Pyrethrum kusuka kuzimbungulu namaza
Eminyakeni engamakhulu ambalwa eyedlule, impahla ye-feverfew yayaziwa ngokuqothula indlu yezinambuzane ezingathandeki. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-alkaloid ye-pyrethrin ekwakhiweni kwayo ibangela ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa ezinambuzaneni. Kusukela ezikhumbuzweni zasendulo, omama babeqoqa izimbali zasePheresiya chamomile, bezomile bese bezenza impuphu. Wangezelwa kubhavu wokugeza, kanye nezinkomba kwenziwa, ezazifafazwa ngelineni, ngezingubo nangezinwele zezilwane.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ekukhanyeni izinto ezingasebenziseka kalula ziqhekeka futhi ukusebenza kahle kunciphe, ngakho-ke udinga ukugcina impuphu endaweni emnyama. Phinda izinto zokufafaza njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-1-2.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengadi
Izimbali ezinhle ze-pyrethrum zigcwalisa kahle ingadi yezimbali bese ugcwalisa ingadi ngemibala. Zilungele ukudala ingadi yezimbali ngesitayela semvelo. Amabhasi atshalwe ngamaqembu ezinhlangothini zezindlela noma ahlanganiswe yinsimu yezimbali. I-Pyrethrum ihamba kahle ngezinsimbi, i-nyvyanik, i-doronicum, i-poppy ebomvu, i-basil ne-cosmea. Izinhlobo eziphakeme azisetshenziswanga engadini kuphela, kodwa futhi nokusika nokuhlela izingcezwana zezimbali.
