I-Orchis ingumuthi ongapheli onama-inflorescence ahlobisa kakhulu kanye nezinto eziningi zokwelapha. Ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo, i-orchis ibhujiswe amashumi eminyaka futhi manje ibhalwe ku-Red Book njengesitshalo esisengozini. Ukuyilima engadini yakho, awukwazi ukucebisa ingadi yezimbali kuphela, kodwa ukunakekela ukugcinwa kwezimbali ezingandile. U-Orchis unamagama amaningi athandwayo, phakathi kwawo "izilimi zezinja", "core", "notch", "izinyembezi ze-cuckoo", "i-orchid yasendle". Isatshalaliswa endaweni ethokomele yayo yonke i-hemisphere yasenyakatho. Lesi sitshalo sithanda isimo sezulu esibandayo, sikhula enhlabathini ecebile enempilo emaphethelweni ehlathi nasezintabeni ezomile.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Orchis iyi-herbaceous perennial evela emndenini we-Orchidaceae. Idla ngama-rhizomes ngama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa eziboshwe ngamabili, ezivame ukuqhathaniswa namathayi wesilisa. Iziqu eziqonde ku-10-50 cm ubude ezansi zifihlwe yindawo ethengisa izihlahla. Amaqabunga e-oval noma ebanzi e-lanceolate ahlala endaweni eyihlumela. Amacembe aphezulu anama-petioles amancane. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona amabala amancane amnyama phansi kwepuleti lamaqabunga aluhlaza.
Ngo-Ephreli-Agasti, isiqu siyakhuphuka bese siphenduka isikebhe esilula esinama-inflorescence ambobo spike obunjiwe ngo-9 cm. Izimbali ezincane ezinjenge-orchid zidwetshwe ngombala we-lilac pink noma we-cherry. Kwakhiwa isigqoko esivela ezihlahleni ezingaphezulu, kanti ezingaphansi zakha udebe olunemilambo emithathu ngesiqu. Isisekelo sezindebe simbozwe amachashazi amnyama. Izimbali zikhipha iphunga elimnandi elicashile elinamanothi e-vanilla noju. I-blogs ehlukene iqhakaza izinsuku ezingama-7-10 kuze kube yilapho izinambuzane zisifaka impova. Ngokushesha nje lapho impova ishaya esibelethweni, amacembe aphela. Ngokushesha, iziqu zembewu eyomile enezithombo ezincane kakhulu zobumnyama ziyavuthwa.
Izinhlobo ze-Orchis
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-orchid zinkulu impela. Namuhla, izitshalo zezitshalo zithi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-60 zalolu hlobo. Ezinye izinhlobo zisanda kuthuthela kuhlobo lweNeotinea ne-Anacamptis lomndeni ofanayo.
Orchis owesilisa. I-Herbaceous perennial enezilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlanganisiwe ze-oblong ikhula ngo-20-50 cm ukuphakama. Isisekelo sesiqu simbozwe izindawo ezinsomi. Inamaqabunga abanzi e-luminolate abanzi ahlanganisa kancane emthanjeni omde. Iqabunga lingobude obungu-7-14 cm nobubanzi obuyi-1.5-3,5 cm.Indawo engaphezulu eluhlaza imbozwe ngamabala ansomi noma amnyama okusansimbi eduze kwesisekelo. I-inflorescence enjenge-cylindrical spike-shaped inflorescence 6-18 cm ubude ino-15-50 buds. Izimbali ezi-Purple zincane impela, zinezindebe ezivulekileyo ezibunjiwe ezinama-blade amathathu, ispikha esimfushane nesigqoko esincane. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngo-Ephreli-Meyi.
I-Orchis ibonakele. Yilezi zinhlobo ezidumile phakathi kwabalimi ngenxa yezindawo eziphezulu zokuhlobisa. Lesi sitshalo sine-rhizome ehlukaniswe ngezihlahla yesundu. Amahlumela anokuphakama okungu-15-60 cm acinene impela, aqondile. Phansi, zifihlwe ngaphansi kwamahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani. Ingaphezulu lesiqu lihlotshiswe ngombala omnyama kakhulu futhi omfushane owenziwe spike wombala okhanyayo onsomi noma umbala we-lilac. Isisekelo sezindebe ezinemilando emithathu simbozwe ngamabala amnyama. Amabala afanayo akhona engxenyeni engezansi yamaqabunga. Ama-inflorescences aqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Izinkawu ze-Orchis. Isitshalo esingumfanekiso obude obungu-20-50 cm ukuphakama. I-rosette yamaqabunga amaqabunga ebanzi ama-4-6 ebanzi enomphetho oyindilinga ayakhiwa ngaphezulu komhlaba. I-inflorescence ibukeka njengebhulashi eminyene emfushane enephunga loju. Amakamela okugcina izindebe mncane kakhulu, aqondile. Ingxenye eyindilinga iyakhuphuka, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwangaphakathi kufana nomzimba wenkawu encane, lapho inhlobo yayo yabizwa ngayo.
I-Orchis ephethe isigqoko (esifana nesigqoko sokuzivikela). Isitshalo esinokuphakama okungama-20-60 cm sinamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza ogqamile. Ubude bepuleti leqabunga, buhlotshiswe phansi, buyi-8-18 cm, futhi ububanzi bawo bu malunga ne-2,5 cm. NgoMeyi-Juni, amabhlogo aminyene angama-5-8 cm ubude. Unesimo se-pyramidal. Imilebe emincane, emincane ihlakazeka kakhulu emabeleni amathathu. Isigqoko esivela ezihlahleni ezingaphezulu sikhulu.
I-Orchis iphuzi. Isitshalo sinosayizi omkhulu. Isiqu esingu-40-70 cm ubude sinesigaba sesiyingi esiyindilinga futhi sikhula size sibe yi-12 mm ubukhulu. Esisekelweni saso, amaqabunga angama-3-6 asondelene kakhulu, anamaqabunga amaningi obubanzi obungenamikhawulo. NgoMeyi-Juni, kukhula isipikili ubude obungu-5-20 cm. Siqukethe izimbali eziningi ezinamakha. Isipingi esimpinki, esingahluzekile sibonisa ukugqokwa kwesigqoko esimnyama noma onsomi.
Ukuzala
Izinhlobo eziningi zama-orchid zisakazwa imbewu. Ezimweni ezinhle, lesi sitshalo sinikeza self-seeding eningi. Kodwa-ke, imbewu ingahluma kuphela uma amakhowe akhethekile enhlabathini. Imvamisa lapho kuhlwanyelwa ekhaya, umhlaba uthathwa endaweni lapho kukhula khona ama-orchid asemasimini. Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa unyaka wonke. Bazama ngokulinganayo ukusabalalisa esitsheni enomhlabathi omanzi wezakhi. Isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu futhi sibekwe endaweni enokhanyayo kahle enamazinga okushisa + 18 ... + 24 ° C. Amahlumela avela kancane futhi ngokungalingani. Inqubo yokuhluma ithatha izinyanga eziyi-1-3.
Lapho izithombo zikhula amaqabunga amaningana, atshalwa ngokucophelela ezimbizeni ezihlukile. Ukuze zingalimazi izimpande, isitshalo ngasinye sitshalwa ngenqwaba enkulu yomhlaba. Kuze kube sentwasahlobo, izithombo zikhule ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ukushisa; ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, ukuqina kwenziwa ngosuku olufudumele. I-Orchis itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela ekupheleni kukaMeyi, lapho kuzodlula amaqhwa. Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe ngu-10-15 cm.
Elula kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwama-orchis tubers. Ekwindla, lapho inhlabathi yesitshalo isiphela, iyanqunywa. Ama-Tubers ayambiwa futhi ahlukaniswe ngokucophelela. Ngokushesha atshalwe emigodini entsha. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ingxenye yezwe ukusuka endaweni yakudala kufanele ihambisane ne-tuber.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-tubers akhula njengoba ehlukana, ngakho-ke le ndlela yokusakazeka ingenziwa ehlobo. Isikhathi sokuqala i-tuber ihlukaniswa lapho kuvela amahlumela Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba uqaphele ukuthi ungalimazi isiqu kanye nesihluku. Ngokulandelayo, ukwahlukana kuyaphindwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30. I-tuber ebangelwa itshalwe endaweni entsha. Ukuqhakaza akukufanele ukulinda. Ungakapheli iminyaka engama-3-5, kukhiqizwa irosette lamaqabunga kuphela bese kuthi ikhula i-rhizome. Kungemva kwalokhu kuphela, ngokucophelela, ukuqala kwezimbali kuqala.
Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Orchis
Ama-orchid akamelana nesimo sezulu, kepha angahlushwa omakhelwane abanezimbali ezinolaka kakhudlwana. Ukukhula kwabo, i-mycorrhiza (i-Symbiosis enama-mushroom akhethekile emhlabathini) iyadingeka. Ukutshala isitshalo kungcono emthunzini okhethiwe. Lapho ilanga elikhanyayo ekuseni nakusihlwa, kuthi ntambama kube nomthunzi.
Inhlabathi kumele ibe nomswakama owenele, kodwa hhayi oswakeme. Umhlaba akufanele ube yi-acidic, ingathathi hlangothi noma inenhlabathi enomunxa omningi ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kokhilimu futhi izakhi zomzimba zikhetheka. Esikhathini sesomiso esikhulu ngokunisela okunganele, i-orchid ingangena ekubandakanyeni. Isitshalo sikhula ngokuqhakaza futhi siqhakaza entwasahlobo, bese sivuka ekwindla. Udinga ukuwunisela njalo ukuze umhlaba ungomi kakhulu.
Kungcono ukondla izitshalo nge-organic dressings (umquba, izinaliti ezisikiwe). Zifaka umhlabathi kabili ngonyaka, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ziye kubude obuyi-5-7 cm. Akuvumelekile ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zamaminerali, njengomquba omusha. Bazothuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga, kepha izimbali kungenzeka zingenzeki.
Ekwindla, yonke ingxenye ye-orchid iyaphela. Izilimo eziyizigaxa kuphela ezinokutholwa kwezakhi ezisele emhlabathini. Izimila ezingaphansi zingagawulwa lapho nje ziqala ukuphenduka ziphuzi. Musa ukulinda kuze komile ngokuphelele. Ukuthena kuzoba yisikhuthazo sokuthi ibhubhu ibe hibernate.
I-Orchis ihlelwe kahle ebusika. Maphakathi neRussia, akadingi indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe. Ingozi enkulu kakhulu kuye akusona isithwathwa, kepha izikhukhula zenhlabathi. Ngenxa yakho, nezilimo eziyizigaxa zingabola.
Yize izitshalo zingezomndeni we-Orchid onomusa, azesabi izifo. I-Orchis ayihlushwa ukubola nesikhunta, ama-parasites nawo awasihlaseli isitshalo. Izinambuzane kuphela ezingama-slugs. Ungazivikela kubo ngosizo lomlotha, iselenge elichotshoziwe noma utshani. Lezi zinto zokwakha zisakazeke emhlabathini ezungeze ingadi yezimbali. Imizimba emnene yamaphaphu iyalimala lapho izama ukunqoba isithiyo.
Izici zokwelapha kanye ne-contraindication
I-Orchis isetshenziswa njengesitshalo sokwelapha emithini yabantu. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zayo (izithengisi) nezimbali ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-mucus, uwoyela obalulekile, amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, ama-glycosides nosawoti wamaminerali. Ukusuka kwizimbali nezimpande ezilungiselelwe, ama-decoctions we-mucous, ubisi lwe-jelly, i-tinctures yotshwala kanye ne-infusions yamafutha kwenziwa.
Izimali ezithole usizo ukuqeda lezi zifo ezilandelayo:
- ukukhwehlela
- ukuvuvukala kwe-larynx;
- isifo sohudo
- ukudakwa kotshwala;
- ukuhlanza
- cystitis
- ukuvuvukala kwezinhlaka.
Amakhambi e-Orthisan athandwa kakhulu emadodeni. Belashwa ngezinkinga zocansi, i-prostatitis, i-adenoma, ukungabi namandla kwabesilisa.
Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo ne-orchid noma ezinganeni. Abanayo imibiko. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuba uqaphele lapho udla okokuqala kubantu abanomkhuba wokungezwani komzimba. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwelapha ngendlela efanele. Uma isikhunta noma izinambuzane kuqalile kuwo, ukulungiswa kwomuthi akwamukeleki.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengadi
Ama-Orchis akuvamile ukuthi atshalwe embhedeni wezimbali oxubile. Babukeka bengcono ekutshaleni kweqembu elilodwa phakathi kwotshani, ngokubumbana ngamatshe noma eduze neCeifers kanye neferns. Kwesinye isikhathi i-orchid yasendle ingatholakala egqumeni lwe-alpine. Ngayo, ungangeza okuhlukahlukene ekhoneni lasendle engadini yezimbali noma ingadi ye-monochrome.
