Ithanga lisiko le-thermophilic. Uma ezifundeni eziseningizimu ukulinywa kwazo kungazibangeli zinkinga, khona-ke e-Urals kuyadingeka ukusondela ngokucophelela ekukhetheni isiza futhi wakhe izimo ezizithandayo kakhulu zezitshalo, ngenxa yehlobo elifushane nelipholile. Kulesi simo kuphela, ungathembela ekutholeni izithelo zekhwalithi enhle.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-Urals
Isiko elinjengethanga likhula cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, kodwa ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kufanele ulandele ubuchwepheshe obukhulayo. Ukulima ithanga kuma-Urals kungenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo eziphezulu futhi kuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Isici esibalulekile ekutholeni isitshalo ukukhetha okulungile kwezinhlobonhlobo, ngoba isithwathwa maphakathi noJuni asisijwayelekile kule ndawo. Lokhu kusikisela isidingo sokukhetha izinhlobo zokuqala nokuvuthwa kokuvuthwa ezikwazi ukuvuthwa ngesikhathi sokugcina. Cabanga ngabathandwa kakhulu kubo.
Iparele. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphakathi kokuqala nokuvuthwa kwezinsuku eziyi-100. Izitshalo ziyakwazi ukubekezelela ushintsho lwesimo sezulu esibuhlungu, amaqele amancane. Leli thanga linesivuno esihle (15 kg nge-m²). Izithelo zinamanzi, zibunjiwe ngopende, zinenombolo encane yembewu futhi zinesisindo esingama-7 kg. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa kwisitoreji eside futhi ukunambitheka okumnandi kwe-pulp enephunga le-nutmeg.
IPumpkin Pearl iyakwazi ukubekezelela ushintsho lwesimo sezulu esibi, amafrimu amancane
Bush orange. Ithanga ebangeni lokuqala elinenkathi yokuvuthwa yezinsuku ezingama-90-120. Izitshalo zixubene, aziluki. Izithelo zibonakaliswa ngesimo esiyindilinga, ikhasi lewolintshi kanye nesisindo esingu-4-7 kg. I-pulp iphakeme ku-carotene, imnandi futhi ithenda.
Bush igolide. Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zokuqala ezinezithelo ezinkulu ezifika kusisindo esingama-5 kg futhi zivuthwe ngezinsuku ezingama-90-100. Ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-1 m² cishe ngu-15 kg. Isitshalo esinezithelo eziyindilinga esiyisisekelo, ngaphezulu lapho kukhona ukwahlukana okubonakalayo ngezigaba. Izinhlobonhlobo zathola igama lazo ngenxa yekhasi, elibonakala ligolide elangeni. Inyama yethanga imhlophe, iphuzi, kepha ayinakuziqhayisa ngobumnandi.
Igolide le-Bush pumpkin ehlukahlukene itholakala ngesivuno esingu-15 kg ukusuka ku-1 m²
Izwe. Kungokokwezinhlobo ezibandayo ezibandayo futhi ezivuthwa kakhulu ekuqaleni (izinsuku ezingama-75-85). Isisindo sezithelo singama-3-4 kg. Isikhumba sethanga silukhuni, siluhlaza futhi siphuzi. Inyama iphuzi, inamakha futhi imnandi. Igcinwe kuze kube izinyanga ezine.
Okwelapha. Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala ezinokuvuthwa kwezinsuku ezingama-90-95. Kubonakaliswa ukumelana nokubanda nomswakama ophezulu. Izithelo ziyindilinga, zithambile, zinendawo ebunjiwe futhi inesisindo esingama-5 kg. I-peel eluhlaza grey, inyama yombala we-orange okhanyayo, omnandi, ophakeme we-carotene.
Sweetie. Izinhlobo zokuqala ezinentambo ende nobandayo, ezivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-90. Izithelo ziyindilinga ngesimo sewolintshi okhanyayo. Isisindo esijwayelekile 2 kg. I-peel ihlukaniswe izigaba ngemivimbo eluhlaza. I-pulp ihlukaniswa yi-juicness nobumnandi.
I-Pumpkin Pipi - inhlobonhlobo ende engafani nokubanda, ivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-90
Ukumamatheka. Ithanga lasehlathini lakuqala livuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-85-90. Izithelo zosayizi omncane, enesisindo esingu-0.8-1 kg (ngokusho kwabakhiqizi bembewu), zifana namabhola, anombala okhanyayo we-orange. Inyama icrispy, imnandi, ukunambitheka kufana nekhabe. Ithanga lingadliwa lisha. Ihlukaniswa yikhwalithi enhle yokugcina, ayidingi izimo ezikhethekile zokugcina.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ukuze ukhule emhlabeni wakho hhayi ithanga nje kuphela, kodwa izithelo ezihlwabusayo futhi ezinoshukela, kumele uhambisane nemibandela yokulima yalesi sitshalo. Okokuqala, kufanele unamathele emithethweni yokujikeleza kwezitshalo nezitshalo zomndeni wethanga (zucchini, ikhukhamba, squash, ithanga, ikhabe) endaweni efanayo hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-4-5. Abandulelayo abahle ngamasiko abethelwe futhi abhontshisi. Akufanele utshale amakhabe eduze, ukuze kuthi uma kwenzeka kugula kungabi nalutho ngaphandle kwesitshalo sakho sonke isivuno.
Zonke ithanga ezifuna ukukhanyiswa, ngokushoda kwalo kunciphisa inani lama-ovari, kwandisa amathuba ezifo, ukuhlaselwa yizilokazane. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ithanga ku-Urals, kufanele ukhethe okufudumele kakhulu, okukhanya kahle futhi okuvikelekile endaweni yomoya, ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kwendlu noma okwakhiwayo. Indawo kufanele ibe isicaba futhi ibekwe kude nezitshalo ezikhulayo.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Ithanga lingatshalwa ngezindlela ezimbili - ngokusebenzisa izithombo kanye nokutshala ngqo emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, inketho yokuqala enconyelwe ama-Urals, ngoba isebenza kahle futhi ithembekile. Noma kunjalo, kufanelekile ukubheka izindlela zombili ngemininingwane eminingi.
Ukutshala nini
Imbewu yethanga ema-Urals ihlwanyelwa kusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi. Uma kufanele itshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa, khona-ke izinsuku zokutshala ziguqulwa emuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuhlwanyela imbewu, kufanele ilungiswe. Kulokhu, kukhethwe imbewu eyonakele, ekhubazekile, futhi kusala kuphela ezinkulu nezinkulu. Uma ungaqiniseki ngekhwalithi yembewu, okokuqala kufanele uhlole ukuthi iyakwazi ukutshala kahle ngokuyifaka esitsheni esinamanzi amahora angama-3-4. Lezo zinhlamvu eziwela phansi zingasetshenziselwa ukutshala, bese zihlala ebusweni, kungcono ukuyilahla.
Inqubo yokulungiselela imbewu yensimu ngayinye ingahluka. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokugcwala ibanzi. Ukuze uthole lokhu, imbewu ibekwa emanzini afudumele (amahora angama-1-2) noma i-potanganum permanganate (imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20). Uma kusetshenziswa ikhambi le-manganese, imbewu kufanele igezwe ngemuva kwenqubo, bese ifakwa ngendwangu emanzi futhi ishiywe ikhule ekushiseni kwegumbi.
Imbewu yethanga ifakwe emanzini afudumele, manganese, bese imila ekushiseni kwegumbi
Imbewu yethanga iyahluma, imvama kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Uma ulalela umbono wabalimi abanolwazi, lapho-ke ngaphezu kokufaka imbewu kufanele kube lukhuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu ehlumewe ibekwa eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi ngendwangu emanzi izinsuku ezingama-3-4. Esimweni lapho kuhlelwa khona ukutshala imbewu endala ebigcinwe isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-6-8, iyahlotshiswa. Ngemuva kwalokho ziboshwe ngendwangu ye-gauze bese ifakwa emanzini ekushiseni okungu-40-50 ° C, emva kwalokho icwiliswa kumakhaza. Kuyadingeka ukwenza izinqubo eziningana ezinjalo (4-5), ukugcina okusanhlamvu emanzini ama-5 s. Ekupheleni kwenqubo, imbewu yomile futhi itshalwe. Uma usebenzisa imbewu eyomile, khona-ke ukuhlwanyelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngesonto ngaphambili.
Ukulungiswa kwamathangi nenhlabathi
Lapho ukhetha iziqukathi zezithombo zezithanga, udinga ukubheka ukuthi izitshalo azikubekezeleli ukukhetha. Izinkomishi zepulasitiki ezi-Peat noma ezilahlayo ezinomthamo wamalitha angama-0,2,5,5 kungaba inketho enhle yokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yiziphi iziqukathi zomthamo omncane, isibonelo, lawo mabhodlela epulasitiki anqunywe ngawo, lapho kuzokwazi ukukhipha kalula izitshalo ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, azolingana ngokuphelele.
Njengeziqukathi zezithombo zezithanga, ungasebenzisa noma isiphi isitsha esifanele
Ngokuqondene nomhlabathi, ithanga lithanda inhlabathi enempilo, engalungiswa ngokuzimela noma ithengwe ilungele izithombo zemifino. Ngokuxubana okuzimele, lezi zinto ezilandelayo ziyadingeka:
- Izingxenye ezi-2 ze-peat;
- Ingxenye eyodwa yokubola sawdust;
- 1 ingxenye humus.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Ngemuva kwazo zonke izindlela zokulungiselela, ungaqala ukutshala. Yisebenzise ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Amathangi okugcwala agcwele inhlabathi ngaphezulu kwesigamu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze njengoba izitshalo zikhula, kungenzeka ukufafaza umhlaba.
Sigcwalisa amathangi alungiselelwe ngengxube yenhlabathi
- Amanzi kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokugcwalisa umhlaba, fafaza iziqukathi ngamanzi
- Sitshala imbewu ngokufika ku-2-4 cm.
Sijula imbewu yethanga ngo-2 cm cm
- Mboza isitsha ngendwangu yengilazi noma yepulasitiki.
Simboza okutshala ngengilazi noma ngefilimu ukudala izimo ezifanele zokuhluma
- Sidlulisela ukutshala endaweni efudumele futhi emnyama, sinikeza amazinga okushisa esikhathi sasemini + 20-25 ° C, ebusuku - + 15-20 ° C.
Ukuvela kwamahlumela okuqala ebusweni bomhlaba kufanele kulindeleke ezinsukwini ezi-3 ngemuva kokutshala.
Ividiyo: ukutshala amathanga wezithombo
Ukunakekela izithombo
Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amahlumela, indawo yokukhosela ethamini kufanele isuswe. Kuze kube kuleli phuzu, udinga ukufeza ama-airing izikhathi eziyi-1-2 ngosuku, ukuvula amasimu imizuzu engu-10-15. Izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ngemuva kokuvela kokuhluma kwethangi, udinga ukudlulisa endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lizokwehla ngo-5˚C.
Ukuhambisa izithombo ezimweni ezipholile kuzoqeda izithombo ezelulayo. Uma izitshalo zisaluliwe, kufanele ungeze inhlabathi encane.
Ukukhula okujwayelekile nokukhula kwezithombo zethanga, ukukhanyisa okuhle kuyadingeka, okuyiyo efakwe efasiteleni elangeni. Isikhathi eside sasemini futhi sivikela izithombo ukuthi zingeluli. Ngaphezu kokukhanya, ithanga lidinga umswakama, elisekelwa ukuthambisa okujwayelekile nokulinganiselayo.
Ukuze izithombo zamathanga zikhule futhi zikhule ngendlela ejwayelekile, kudingeka anikeze ukukhanya okuhle
Emavikini lamabili ngemuva kokuvela, izithombo zingavundiswa. Ngalezi zinhloso, isixazululo se-nitrophoska (0.5 tbsp. L l 5 wamanzi) noma i-mullein (i-100 g ehlanjululwe ku-1 l wamanzi, sigcizelela amahora angama-3-4, sihlanjululwe ngo-5 l wamanzi) kufanelekile.
Ukudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini
Izithombo ezikhulile zitshalelwe esitimeleni ngaphansi kwefilimu ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni. Izinsuku ezithile eziqondile zincike ezimweni zezulu. Iminyaka yezithombo ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwezinsuku cishe zingama-30. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele abe namaqabunga angama-2-3 futhi akhule kahle, futhi ukuphakama kufanele kufinyelele ku-15-20 cm. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokufakelwa kwesinye kusihlwa noma isimo sezulu esinamafu. Izithombo zitshalwa ngokwesikimu 100 * 100 cm. Ngale nqubo, isimo sezulu esifudumele esizolile esinamazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka + 15 ° C kumele simiswe. Ukudlulisa kuncishiswa ezenzweni ezilandelayo:
- Senza umgodi omkhulu, sithululela i-humus kanye nomlotha phansi, bese siyithululela ngamanzi afudumele.
Ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ngomsoco odingekayo, kufakwa i-humus emithonjeni lapho utshala
- Ukusuka ethangini lokutshala, susa ngokucophelela isithombo kanye nesigaxa sobumba, uzama ukungalimazi impande.
Sisusa ngokucophelela izithombo zethanga ezitsheni, sigwema ukulimala ezimpandeni
- Sibeka isitshalo emgodini bese siyigcwalisa ngomhlaba kusuka engadini.
Amahlumela abekwe emigodini yokutshala bese alala nenhlabathi evela engadini
- Ngemuva kokutshala, thina mulch humus bese umboza ngefilimu.
Ungqimba we-mulch uzogcina umswakama enhlabathini, uvikele ukukhula kokhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-humus izonikeza izitshalo ngokudla okwengeziwe.
Ividiyo: ukutshala izithombo zethanga emhlabathini
Ukulima okuhlaza okotshani
Ezimweni ezinzima zaseSiberia nase-Urals, ukutshalwa kwamathanga kunezifiso zazo, ngoba azikho izinsuku eziningi zasehlobo ezifudumele kulezi zifunda. Enye yezinketho zokutshala ukutshala amathanga enhlabathini evaliwe. Kepha indawo ku-greenhouse, njengomthetho, ihlala ingenele, futhi ithanga liyisitshalo esinobukhulu obukhulu futhi lithatha indawo enkulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele usebenzise amanye amaqhinga. Ezingadini zokugcina izithombo ze-polycarbonate, ukwenziwa kweqhinga elinjalo kuyinkinga kunalokho, kepha emiklamweni yamafilimu ejwayelekile akunzima ukwenza lokhu.
Lapho kukhula amathanga ku-greenhouse, isistimu yezimpande ihlala ngaphakathi, futhi isiqu ngezithelo sikhula ngaphandle
Ithanga livame ukutshalwa eduze kwamakhukhamba, linikeze indawo ekhoneni. Amapayipi wokutshala enziwa ngendlela efanayo nasendaweni evulekile, ungakhohlwa ukufaka umanyolo, ngemuva kokutshala izitshalo noma ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Lapho ubude besiqu bufinyelela ku-0.5 m, isimo sezulu sihlala siqinile futhi sizinzile emoyeni ovulekile. Ku-greenhouse, onqenqemeni lwefilimu selugobile bese kuphunyukwa kuphume umgwaqo. Ngakho-ke, izimpande zesiko zisemhlabathini ovaliwe, futhi izithelo zitholakala obala. Ukuze ukhule izithombo zethanga ezimweni ezivikelwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze imibandela elandelayo:
- izinga lokushisa lasemini ngaphakathi + 18-25 ° C, ebusuku + 15-18 ° C;
- umswakama ophakeme;
- ukukhanyisa okuhle;
- umoya omncane njalo kuyadingeka ukuvimba ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta.
Ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini
Ungatshala ithanga e-Urals bese uhlwanyelwa ngokushesha, kodwa, njengoba besho engcupheni nengozi yakho. Ungakwenza kanjani nokuthi wenzeni, sizocubungula ngemininingwane eminingi.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Uma uhlela ukutshala izinhlobo ezikhuphukayo zethanga, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezitshalweni ezinjalo uhlelo lwezimpande luthatha cishe ama-8 m². Lokhu kusikisela isidingo sokulungisa yonke ingadi, eyenzelwe leli siko. Inqubo yokulungiswa kwesiza ifaka ukwethulwa kwamabhakede ama-2 womquba kanye ne-humus nge-1 m² yokumba ekwindla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo wamaminerali uzoba wusizo: 40-60 g we-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate, kanye ne-1 tbsp. izinkuni zomlotha nge-1 m².
Endabeni yezinhlobo zamahlathi ezikhulayo, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela imigodi yokutshala ehlukile, egcwele umanyolo onjalo ekwindla:
- Amabhakede ama-2/3 we-humus;
- 2 tbsp. l i-superphosphate;
- 1 tbsp. l Umanyolo we-potash;
- Ubuciko be-4-5. umlotha.
Lapho ulungiselela isichibi sethanga, kufakwa omanyolo bobabili bezinto eziphilayo kanye nezimbiwa
Ukuze umhlabathi uvele, entwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukuphinda ugaye.
Ukutshala nini
Ukuze ukuhluma okufika ngesikhathi kwezinsuku, kubalulekile ukugcina izinsuku zokuhlwanyela. Ithanga litshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kokushisa ngokwanele kwenhlabathi (+ 12˚С), kanye nalapho isimo sezulu siba shushu ngokuqinile. E-Urals, izimo ezifanele zenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Inqubo yokufakelwa
Imbewu zokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile zilungiswa ngendlela efanayo nezithombo ezikhulayo. Yonke inqubo incishiswa kulezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Endaweni elungiselelwe, senza izimbobo ngokuya ngohlelo ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zethanga, emva kwalokho sizithululela ngamanzi afudumele.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, imithombo ithululwa kahle ngamanzi afudumele
- Sijula imbewu ngo-4-5 cm. Sibeka imbewu engama-3-5 efilinini ngalinye lokutshala.
Imbewu yethanga elihlwanyelwe ifakwa emigodini yokutshala.
- Sibagcwalisa ngomhlaba kanye ne-mulch humus encane.
- Simboza ngengilazi, ifilimu noma ezinye izinto zokumboza.
Ngemuva kokutshala imbewu, imibhede imbozwe ngefilimu
Ungqimba lwe-mulch akufanele wedlule ngo-2 cm, uma kungenjalo amahlumela amasha awakwazi ukudabula ubukhulu obukhulu.
Ividiyo: ukutshala imbewu yethanga emhlabathini ovulekile
Iphethini yokufakelwa
Njengoba isitshalo esisodwa sidinga indawo yokudla okunempilo ka-1-4 m², uhlelo lokutshala kumele lulandelwe, kuya ngezinhlobo ezitshaliwe. Amathanga asanda kuvuthwa adinga indawo encane, sekwephuze ngaphezulu. Izinhlobo ezinodonga olude zitshalelwe kude phakathi kwezimbobo ezi-1.5-2 m, phakathi kwemigqa - 1.4-2 m. Lapho uhlakulela izinhlobo zama-bush, ukutshala kuhluke kancane: 80 * 80 cm noma 1.2 * 1.2 m. Ukujula kokubekwa kwembewu kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi. Emhlabathini ongatheni, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni kuka-4-8 cm, enhlabathini esindayo - 4-5 cm.
Ithanga lokutshala ithanga lihlukahluka ngokuhlukahluka
Ukunakekelwa Kwethanga
Ukunakekela isivuno okukhulunywa ngaso akubangeli ubunzima obuthile futhi kwehla ukubheka izindlela eziyisisekelo zezolimo ezinjengokunisela, ukugqoka phezulu, nokwenza izihlahla.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Yize ithanga lithanda umanyolo, akufanele londliwe kaningi ukwedlula kanye njalo emavikini ama-2. Ngokuvulekile, isiko londliwa kabili:
- ngokwakhiwa kwamashidi ama-5 we-10 g we-nitrophoska efomu elomile ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa;
- lapho kuvela imivimbo engu-15 g ye-nitrophoska ixutshwe ku-10 l bese ithululelwa ngaphansi kwesitshalo esisodwa.
Ngaphezu kwezimbiwa, umanyolo we-organic nawo ungasetshenziswa. Ngalezi zinhloso, umlotha wezinkuni kufanelekile (1 tbsp. Isitshalo ngasinye), kanye ne-mullein (1 ilitha lezinto ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). IMullein yethulwa ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 ngebhasi ezi-6 nangesikhathi sokutshala izithelo - amalitha ayi-10 ngebhasi ezintathu.Zonke izakhamzimba zilethwa emgodini owembiwe ngaphambili ngesimo sendandatho ezungeze isitshalo. Ukujula kwalo kufanele kukhule ngokukhula kwesibeletho - ukusuka ku-8 cm kuye ku-15 cm. Ukujula kufanele kube ngu-15 cm kusuka ezitshalweni ezincane, kamuva kwandiswe kube ngama-40 cm.
Ividiyo: ukondla ithanga organic
Ukunisela
Amathanga okunisela ahambisana nokukhululwa kwenhlabathi nokususwa kokhula, kuyilapho inqubo kufanele yenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungalimali uhlelo lwezimpande. Ngokusetshenziselwa ukunisela kuphela amanzi afudumele: amanzi ompompi noma avela emthonjeni awafanele ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphansi, eliyingozi ezimpandeni. Ukunisela kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza: umswakama ukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimbali zesifazane. Ukugeleza kwamanzi ngalesi sikhathi kungamalitha angama-30 ngesihlahla ngasinye. Lapho izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa, umthamo wamanzi uyancishiswa, ngoba umswakama owedlulele uthinta kabi isikhathi sokugcinwa, futhi ubuye unciphise okuqukethwe ushukela ezithelo.
Sebenzisa kuphela amanzi afudumele ukunisela ithanga.
Ukwakheka kwe-Lash nokuvunda
Ukuze lesi sitshalo singachithi amandla emithonjeni eyengeziwe nama-ovari, kuyadingeka ukuqedela ukwakheka kwemiphu, okuzoba nomthelela ekukhuleni kwezithelo ezinkulu ngokunambitheka okungcono. Inani lamaqanda esisele esihlahleni kuya ngesifunda nezimo zezulu. E-Urals, njengomthetho, akusekho ngaphezulu kwama-2-3 amaqanda amakhulu kakhulu asele, bese kuthi abanye abaseleyo baphuke. Amabhasi amasiko okukhulunywa ngawo akhiwa isiqu esisodwa noma ezimbili. Lapho akha esiqwini esisodwa, kufanele kususwe wonke amahlumela nama-ovari. Akusekho ngaphezulu kwama-ovari amathathu esiqwini. Ngemuva kokugcina, udinga ukushiya amashidi ama-3-4 futhi ususe iphuzu lokukhula. Lapho ithanga lenziwa laba neziqu ezimbili (maphakathi ne-lateral), izithelo ezi-2 zishiyelwa kolunye oluyinhloko, bese kuthi enye kulolo oluzungezile. Ngemuva kwe-ovary, udinga ukushiya amashidi ama-3-4, bese unamathisela amahlumela ngemuva kwawo.
Ithanga lingakheka libe isiqu esisodwa noma ezimbili, kushiya izithelo ezi-2-3 esihlahleni
Ividiyo: Ukuhlanganiswa kwethanga
Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle, amathanga kufanele ahanjiswe ngempova. Inqubo yenziwa ekuseni, lapho imbali yesilisa enama-petals avuthiwe idinga ukucindezelwa kuze kuhlanjalulwe imbali yowesifazane.
Izimbali zabesilisa nabesifazane zilula ukuhlukanisa: insikazi ngakwesokunene, owesilisa kwesobunxele
Kulula ukuhlukanisa ubulili bentyatyambo: abesifazane ekuqaleni banama-ovari amancane, kuyilapho amadoda ekhula esiqwini esinde esincanyana.
Ividiyo: ungayenza kanjani impova yokufakelwa yamathanga
Izifo Zethanga Nezinambuzane
Ukuze izitshalo zikhule futhi zikhule ngendlela ejwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukuqapha isimo sazo futhi uma kwenzeka kunezifo noma izinambuzane, thatha izinyathelo ezifanele. Lokhu kusikisela isidingo sokukwazi ukubakhomba kahle.
Isifo
I-bacteriosis yisifo esivame kakhulu, esizibonakalisa ngesimo samanxeba amancane kuma-cotyledons kanye namabala ansundu kumapulasitiki angamaqabunga. Lapho kuthinteka i-bacteriosis, ingaphezulu lesithelo limbozwa amabala ansundu, amathanga awonakalisiwe. Ngemuva kokuba isilonda somile, iyajula ngaphakathi kwengane. Lesi sifo siqhubeka nokushisa okunyukayo nomswakama. Lesi sifo sithwalwa izinambuzane, amanzi kanye nezicucu zezicubu zezitshalo. Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwe-bacteriosis, imbewu iphathwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa solution engu-0,02% ye-zinc sulfate, bese yomiswa kahle. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokuvela kwalesi sifo kuma-cotyledons, aphathwa nge-Bordeaux fluid.
Ngenxa ye-bacteriosis, amaqabunga e-pumpkin aba namabala, bese omile bese ewa, akha izimbobo
Esinye isifo esivamile ukubola okumhlophe. Akunzima ukuyikhomba: kuvela inhlanganisela emhlophe ezitshalweni, okuholela ekuthambiseni nasekubambeni okulandelayo. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu ngomswakama ophezulu womoya nenhlabathi. Izingxenye ezithintekile zezitshalo kufanele zifafazwe ngomlotha wokhuni. Ukukhuphela ngaphandle kwesifo esinjalo, kuyadingeka ukususa imfucumfucu yesitshalo endaweni. Endabeni yokubola okumhlophe, udinga ukukhipha amaqabunga ukuze amanxeba awomile elangeni. Isixazululo se-0.5% se-sulfate yethusi sisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezisikiwe.
Ngokubola okumhlophe, izindawo ezinegciwane leqabunga kuyathambisa bese zibola
Ukubola kwezimpande - lesi sifo siholela ekubonakaleni kwezihibe. Amahlumela namaqabunga athola i-hue e-brown-brown bese kamuva abole. Imbangela enkulu yokuqalwa kokugula ukunisela ngamanzi abandayo noma izinguquko zokushisa. Ukuvimbela, kunconywa ukunisela izitshalo njalo emavikini ama-2 nge-Previkur ngokuya ngemiyalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukuqapha inhlanzeko yendawo, susa ukhula nokunye okusalayo kwemvelaphi yezitshalo. Lapho izitshalo zingenwa yilesi sifo, isiqu sifafazwa ngenhlabathi enempilo ukuze sakhe izimpande ezintsha.
Lapho amaqabunga abolile ezimpande ephenduka ephuzi-nsundu abese ebola
I-Powdery mildew ibonakaliswa ngezinga elikhudlwana emaqabungeni ngesimo sombala omhlophe. Ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwalesi sifo, amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi bese ome. Ukusuka kulo, umkhiqizo uyancipha, inqubo ye-photosynthesis iya imbi. Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokunisela okunganele nomswakama ophezulu, kanye nenani elikhulu le-nitrogen ngesikhathi sokudla. I-Powdery isikhutha sisakazeka ngemithambo yomoya. Njengakwezinye izifo, izindlela zokuvimbela kufanele zigcine indawo ihlanzekile. Uma kuqala izimpawu zesifo, izitshalo ziphathwa nge-colloidal sulfure. Amahlamvu athintekile ayasuswa.
Isibonakaliso esicacile se-Powdery isikhunta emhlophe emafwini
Izinambuzane
Izinambuzane nazo zilimaza kakhulu amathanga. Okuvame kakhulu kulokhu i-spider mite. Kulimaza ingemuva lamaqabunga, emva kwalokho kwakha iwebhu elincanyana. Okokuqala, umbala weshidi uyashintsha, bese uyoma. Uma ungaphenduli ngendlela yesikhathi, isitshalo siyafa. Ukulawula inkathazo, izitshalo zivame ukufafazwa ngamanzi, futhi ikakhulukazi ngokufakwa kwe-anyanisi noma i-garlic husk (200 g ye-husk nge-10 l lamanzi).
Imikhaza entangle ngewebhusayithi elincanyana zonke izingxenye zesitshalo
I-Melon aphid kuqala isakazekela kukhula, bese iqhubekela kwithanga. Lesi sinambuzane sanda ngokuphelele isitshalo sonke. Ngemuva kokwehlulwa, amaqabunga ayagoba futhi awe. Uma ungathathi izinyathelo zokulawula izinambuzane, ama-pumpkin bush ayovele afe. Ukususa ama-aphid, afafazwa ngesisombululo se-10% se-malathion.
I-Melon aphid ikhula ngenkuthalo engxenyeni engaphansi yamaqabunga, incela izijusi zesitshalo
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ungahlulela ukuthi ithanga selivuthiwe futhi sesifikile isikhathi sokuyivuna ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Isiqu somile, sivuthiwe, sahlukumezeka;
- amaqabunga asomile, ashabalale;
- ikhasi selibe lukhuni.
Ithanga liqala ukuhlanzwa ngemuva kokuqina bese kushiya ome
Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, kuyadingeka ukusika isiqu, kushiye u-3-4 cm, kuyilapho ikhasi lingafanele lonakaliswe. Ngakho-ke, izithelo zizogcinwa isikhathi eside. Akubalulekile ukuthi uqoqe isivuno ngesikhathi esifanele nangendlela efanele, kodwa futhi ukusigcina. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuvuna ithanga lingadliwa. Kodwa-ke, leli siko, njengomthetho, alikhuleli ehlahleni elilodwa, elikwenza ucabange ngokulondolozwa. Ngalezi zinhloso, isitezi esingaphansi komhlaba, i-pantry, i-balcony, i-Attic, isitezi kufanelekile. Noma ngabe iyiphi indawo ekhethiwe, kubalulekile ukubheka imibandela eminingana:
- umswakama - 75-80%;
- lokushisa - + 3 ... + 15˚C;
- umoya omncane.
Uma enye yezimo ingahlangatshezwanga, inkani yenungu iyonakala. Zonke izithelo zithunyelwa ukugcinwa ngaphandle kokulimala. Lawo amathanga anemichilo noma obishi emaphepheni awo adliwa kangcono isikhashana. Noma isitoreji singaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, isikhathi eside abasakwazi ukuqamba amanga. Izithelo ezilimele zingahlanzwa ngokususa ingxenye elimele, hlukanise imbewu bese ubeka uginjana kufriji. Lapho ugcina egumbini elithile, kuyadingeka ukubeka amathanga emashalofini, kumarakhi, kepha hhayi emhlabathini ongenalutho.
Lapho ugcina amathanga, kufanele uqaphele izinga lokushisa nomswakama
Uma ulandela isipiliyoni sabalimi abathile, khona-ke izithelo zingagcinwa emabhokisini ngotshani.
Wonke umuntu angakhula ithanga, noma ezimweni zezulu ze-Urals. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele zokuqala zokuvuthwa, tshala kahle futhi uqinisekise ukunakekelwa okufanele kwesitshalo. Ukuze ugcine izithelo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ngemuva kokuvuna, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezifanele kakhulu zokuzigcina.
