I-Osteospermum iyisitshalo se-herbaceous esinezimbali ezinkulu. Izwe lakubo yiCape Valley ezwekazini lase-Afrika, ngakho-ke izitshalo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "iCape Daisy" noma "i-African Chamomile." Le mbali ingeyomndeni wakwa-Astrov futhi ichitha obhasikidi amahle apinki-lilac anendawo eluhlaza okomnyama noma onsomi. Ngenxa yokuqhakaza okumude nokuningi, i-steospermum iyisivakashi esamukelekile hhayi engadini kuphela, kodwa futhi nasesifasiteleni. Kungumhlobiso omuhle wekamelo futhi ungasebenza njengesipho esithandekayo esikhundleni sesimbali esivamile.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Osteospermum iyi-herbaceous perennial etshalwa kusiko njengesitshalo esineminyaka emibili noma emibili. Amagatsha awo aqhakaza ngokuqinile kusuka esisekelweni bese akha isihlahla esiyindilinga noma akhule ngokuthe nkqo. Ingxenye yezinqubo ezilandelanayo eziyela emhlabathini. Ukuphakama kwezimila kungafinyelela ku-1-1,5 m, kepha izinhlobo ezinokuphakama okungama-30-50 cm zithandwa kakhulu kusiko.
I-Cylindrical, iziqu ezi-pubescent kancane zimbozwe ngamaqabunga we-petiole. Amacembe amnyama aluhlaza anombala o-oval noma ovoid. Imiphetho yazo imbozwe ngokungalingani ngamazinyo nangezimbali. Emagqabini kukhona izindlala ezinamakha ezikhipha iphunga elithile le-tart.
Isikhathi sezimbali siqala ngoJuni futhi siqhubeke kuze kube sekwindla. Amabheshi amakhulu ama-inflorescences aqhakaza engxenyeni engenhla yesiqu ezitolo ezingenalutho. Ububanzi bawo bungamasentimitha angama-3-8. Ukuqhakaza kwebhasikidi elilodwa kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezi-5. Ngemuva kokubuna, kuvela ama-buds amasha. Maphakathi ne-inflorescence kukhona izimbali eziyizigaxa eziyizigaxa, ezidwetshwe ngamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi. Amachashazi ansundu abomvu-owolintshi ayabonakala ngaphezulu komgogodla. Izimbali zomhlanga zikhula emaphethelweni angaphandle. Amaphara awo apinki, lilac, ophuzi, abomvu noma o-orenji, acacile noma onamachwane, ayicaba noma asontekile abe yishubhu elincane.
Ngokungafani namanye amalungu omndeni, i-steospermum ibeka imbewu ngezimbali eziqhamile, zomhlanga. Ngemuva kokucoliswa yizinambuzane, ama-achenes amakhulu amnyama avuthiwe. Uma umswakama uthola izimbali, ziphela ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela emvuleni nakumazolo, amacembe ayavalwa ebusuku nasikhathi sezulu esinamafu. Ama-buds avulwa ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga.
Izinhlobo zegadi
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingama-70 zezitshalo kuhlobo lwe-osteosperm, kodwa zimbalwa ezisetshenziselwa esikweni, ezaba ngabasunguli bezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa.
I-Osteospermum ye-eclon. Izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ezineziqu eziqinile ezinamagatsha anamathanga aminyene angama-50-100 cm ukuphakama. Amahlumela ambozwe ngehlamvu le-obovate jagged. Izitshalo azikubekezeleli ukubanda kakhulu, ngakho-ke esimweni sezulu esifudumele kubhekwa njengonyaka.
I-Osteospermum imnandi. Izinhlobonhlobo zokushisa nokuhlobisa kakhulu, ezimbozwe ngezimbali cishe unyaka wonke. Ama-inflorescence amakhulu ansomi-apinki aqukethe imigqa eminingana yamaphayini asicaba kanye nomnyombo omnyama ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kwakungenxa yalesi zinhlobo lapho kwavela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezinama-petals ashintsha umbala.
I-Osteospermum hybrid. Leli qembu lihlanganisa ndawonye nzalo eziningi ezihehayo ezithakazelisa kakhulu abalimi. Ziyamelana nezimo zesimo sezulu, ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kwama-inflorescence kanye nekhono le-petals lokushintsha umbala. Izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu:
- Isibhakabhaka neqhwa kungamabhasikidi alula anophayini abukeka emhlophe qhwa kanye nomnyombo ogqamile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- ECongo - amacembe apinki apinki.
- Pemba - amacembe aphuzi-onsomi kulesi sikhungo agxotshwe kwi-tube futhi afana nezinkezo ezincane.
- I-Osteospermum epholile - unyaka ngamunye ukumelana nokushisa nesithwathwa ifomu kungafika ku-50 cm ukuphakama. Zimbozwe kakhulu ngama-daisies amakhulu (ama-6-8 cm).
- I-Peshne - inyibilikisa inani elikhulu lamabhasikidi alula apinki noma onsomi ubukhulu obungafika ku-5 cm. Lokhu kuhlukehluka kakhulu, okulungele ukukhula ezimbizeni.
- I-Aquila iyizinhlobo ezivimbayo ezibandayo ezinama-inflorescence amahle amnyama amnyama aphuma nephunga elimnandi kakhulu.
- I-Symphony cream - ngaphezulu kwama-pearl aphuzi aphuzi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka umucu omncane onsomi.
- I-Sparkler - isihlahla esinobude obungama-25-30 cm simbozwe ngezimbali ezingavamile. Ingaphezulu lamaphalishi limhlophe, kanti ongaphansi upendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kumaqabunga amaqabunga kukhona imivimbo ekhilimu wegolide.
Izindlela zokuzala
Imvamisa, i-osteospermum isatshalaliswa ngembewu. Eduze kwe-flowerbed, uma ungawasusi ama-inflorescence ngendlela yesikhathi, ukuvela kokuzimela okuningi kuzovela. Ungahlwanyela imbewu ngokwakho ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Kodwa-ke, izimbali zizofika kuphela ngo-Agasti. Ukubona izimbali zokuqala zikaJuni, izithombo sezitshaliwe. Ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwembewu, izinhlamvu zokuhlobisa ezinhlobonhlobo (imibala kanye ne-terry) azigcinwanga.
Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, imbewu ihlwanyelwa kumabhodwe e-peat noma ezibhebheni ngamaqembu ama-2-3 ama-PC. Bangcwatshwa ngo-5-10 mm. Inhlabathi inomswakama futhi imbozwe ngefilimu. Zigcinwa egumbini elinokushisa kuka + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Kuzovela amahlumela ngesonto. Endaweni epholile, enye imbewu ingahle ingaqhume. Ngokuvela kweqabunga lamaqabunga angempela ezitshalweni, lidluliswa nsuku zonke amahora ambalwa endaweni epholile ukuze lukhuni. Izinga lokushisa lehliselwa kancane kancane, ngesikhathi sokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele kube ngu + 12 ° C.
Ukuze ulondoloze izinhlobo ezingandile, zisakazwa ngokusikwa. Sebenzisa ingxenye engenhla yenqubo engu-7 cm ubude ngamaqabunga ama-3-4. Izimbambo zinganqunywa unyaka wonke. Amaqabunga aphansi ayasuswa abeke amahlumela engilazini yamanzi. Zigcinele lokushisa okungaba ngu-+ 20 ° C. Ngokuqala kwezimpande, ukusikwa kwe-steosperm kutshalwa emabhodweni amancane ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi, i-humus eqinile kanye nenhlabathi eluhlaza. Ukuchelela kwenziwa kancane. Ngezinsuku ezifudumele, izitshalo zivezwa ngaphandle. Ukufakelwa komoya ovulekile kuhlelwa intwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
I-Osteospermum ithathwa njengesitshalo esinakekela kalula. Kufanele itshalwe ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezikhanyiswe kahle, ngoba lapho kuqhuma khona amathunzi kuzoba mancane futhi ama-buds avame ukuvala. Umhlabathi ungaba nobuningi, kepha okuhle kunakho konke, izimbali zikhula emhlabathini wezakhi oqinile futhi ungathathi hlangothi noma une-acidic reaction. Ukunquma ubungako bokutshala, cabanga ngobude bezinhlobonhlobo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lilondolozwa cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30-50. Thinta ingaphezulu lesitshalo esincane ukuze ube negatsha elingcono.
I-Osteospermum ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aze afike ku-5 ° C kanye nokushisa ngokweqile. Igagasi lokuqala lezimbali kwenzeka ngoJuni. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo zikaJulayi, kufika isikhathi sokuphumula esifushane. Maphakathi no-Agasti, lapho ukushisa kuncipha, izimbali ziqala ngamandla avuselelekile.
Nisela i-osteospermum kancane. Isitshalo siyabekezelela kahle isomiso esikhanyayo, kepha singehlisa inani nosayizi wezimbali. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi awagxili emhlabathini, uma kungenjalo kuzothuthukiswa izimpande.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, i-osteospermum ivunwe kabili ngenyanga. Izakhiwo ezi-organic nezamaminerali zezitshalo zezimbali ezihlukile. Izitshalo ezincane zingahlushwa ukubuswa ukhula. Inhlabathi eduze kwensimu yezimbali kufanele ihlolwe ukhula njalo. Iziqu zezinhlobo ezinde ziboshwe ukuze isihlahla singawi ngaphandle komoya noma imvula enkulu. Ama-inflorescence abolile asuswa ngendlela yesikhathi, khona-ke ama-buds amasha azobonakala endaweni yawo.
Uma ebusika izinga lokushisa lomoya lingangehli ngaphansi kuka--10 ° C, i-osteospermum izosinda kuze kube sentwasahlobo, igcina amahlamvu kanye namahlumela. Ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu, ukuze kulondolozwe izimbali, izitshalo ziyambiwa bese zidluliselwa kumabhodwe ebusika. I-Osteospermum iyakubekezelela ukufakelwa futhi ibuyiselwe ngokushesha. Ebusika, izitshalo zigcinwa ekushiseni kwe- + 5 ... + 10 ° C nokukhanya okuhle. Ukunisela kuncishiswa kakhulu. Entwasahlobo, isihlahla siphinde sitshalwe engadini noma sihanjelwe ku-veranda khonale endaweni yezimbali.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunisela okusesilinganisweni, i-steospermum ayihlushwa yizifo namagciwane, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi unakekele ukuvimbela nokwelashwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-osteosperm
Amabibi amahle, ambozwe ngokubomvu ngama-daisies anemibala, asetshenziswa ngentshiseko ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Bahle ekutshaleni kwamaqembu maphakathi netshani, eceleni kwesihlahla, kwisaphulelo noma esivandeni sezimbali esixubile. I-Osteospermum idala ama-accents akhanyayo futhi ijabulisa ngezimbali ezinhle nezinephunga isikhathi eside. Izinhlobo ezikhula kancane noma ezinwabuzelayo zilungele ukudala i-carpet eqhubekayo noma ukukhula okukhulayo. Izinhlobo zemidadi zikhula kahle eziqongweni zezimbali nezimbali zezimbali, ezibekwe kuma-verandas, emabalavini nasezindlini.
