Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho, cishe, sebeyazi kakade ukuthi i-beetle engumhlabathi onjani (iCarabida) futhi yimiphi imisebenzi ewusizo eyenziwa engadini.
Kubalimi bezitshalo nabalimi, ngeke kube okungafani ukufunda kabanzi ngale bhungane enkulu, evamile cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zethu. I-beetle nayo ibizwa nangokuthi - ihlathi le-beetle elisemhlabathini, ingadi, evamile.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhlelwa kwegceke noma ingadini, zonke izinhlobo zalezi zitshalo zizosiza, ngaphandle kweyodwa - i-beetle yomhlabathi (umhlabathi we-beetle omnyama), okumele ubhujiswe uma unezinhlamvu.
Ground beetle: incazelo
Uma ukhuluma ngokuthi i-ground beetle ibukeka kanjani, udinga ukwazi ukuthi izinhlobo ze-beetle ziyahlukahluka futhi sinezinhlobo ezingu-2700 ze-subspecies zayo. Umehluko luyoba usayizi - ubukhulu bomzimba, imilenze, izintuthwane, umbala, ezinye izici zokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane.
Uyazi? Kuphelele, abangaphezu kuka-32,000 (!) Abamele umhlabathi umndeni wesibhakabhaka bayaziwa emhlabeni.
I-beetle evame ukutholakala engadini ye-beetle iyinhloko yamadevu amakhulu kuze kufike ku-1.7-3 cm ubude, umbala omnyama we-graphite ne-luster metallic. Emzimbeni ekukhanyeni - amaphuzu amancane egolide, ama-dents nama-grooves oblong. Yenze imilenze eqinile eyokuvumela ukuba uhambe ngokushesha futhi uhambe, futhi futhi, njengoba i-beetle yomhlaba iyisidalwa, imifino enamandla enamandla.Izici zomjikelezo wokuphila we-beetle womhlabathi
Amantombazane alala amaqanda ama-50 kuya kwangu-80 ngesikhathi, ekhetha le ndawo evundile, enobuningi endaweni engenhla yomhlaba. Khona-ke amaqanda avela ezimpungeni. Ngesikhathi (kusukela emasontweni angu-3-4 nakwezinye izinhlobo kuze kube seminyaka emibili) i-larva ye-beetle yomhlabathi iphenduka i-pupa, okuba yi-insects omdala. Abantu abadala bakhipha ubusika - bazingela ebusuku, kodwa emini abahlala endaweni yokukhosela. Yini i-beetle yomhlabathi edlayo futhi ihlala kuphi i-beetle? Idla ngokuyinhloko ngamacimbi, kuyaukulinda izimpethu, ama-slugs, izinkila, kanye nezinambuzane ezincane, izimpukane, ama-mollusks, imbewu kanye nezimpande zezitshalo. Indawo yokuhlala lapho i-beetle iphila khona ingabe ingaphansi komhlaba, noma ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka, ehlathini, nangaphansi kwamatshe. Ama-beetle ahlala emaqenjini amancane, angabandakanya izimboni zezinhlobo ezahlukene.
Uyazi? I-beetle ye-Ground yi-beetle ehlala isikhathi eside. Ukuphila - iminyaka engu-3-5 kanye nobusika obuhle, ukufihla ngaphansi kwezinqolobane, izindawo zokugcina, isisekelo sezindlu.
Kuyini ukusetshenziswa kwamabhungane emhlabathini engadini, indlela yokuheha umhlabathi wesibhakabhaka
Izitshalo zezinkukhu zidla izinambuzane zase-garden ezilimazayo, izibungu, izinkathazo kanye nama-slugs, ezibhubhisa izingadi zasemakhaya nezitshalo zensimu. I-beetle yomhlabathi yindlela elula, engokwemvelo nenemvelo yokulwa nalezi zinambuzane. Okusho ukuthi, uma umhlabathi wesibhakabhaka uningi, ungenza ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali kanye nezidakamizwa ukulwa nezinambuzane zasegadini. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela uthole isivuno esihlanzekile futhi ugweme ukuchitha okungadingekile ekuvikelweni kwamakhemikhali.
I-beetle ye-Ground igcina isivuno ngokubhubhisa izinambuzane ezivuthiwe futhi, eqinisweni, ayivumeli ukuba yande. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, akuwona wonke amalungiselelo amakhemikhali enza ngokulinganayo ngezindlela ezihlukene zokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane, futhi ngokuqondile ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukwenza izipuni eziningana ngonyaka ngamunye.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphakathi isilinganiso sezinyosi ze-beetle esisodwa ezinyangeni zasehlobo zbulala izimpungushe eziyi-150 kuya ku-300, izimpungushe kanye nezibungu ezikhulile.
Ngakho-ke, lezi zindlela zokuhleleka akudingeki zibhujiswe, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho, kuyadingeka ukwandisa abantu endaweni. Uma umbuzo ukuthi ungadonsela kanjani ngokushesha umhlabathi wesibhakabhaka ensimini yakho noma engadini yakho, okokuqala, udinga ukwakha indawo yokuhlala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, shiya esakhiweni sezinkuni zamagxolo, izinqwaba zamaqabunga, ama-sawdust, amatshe amancane - konke okuyoba yisiphephelo sezimbungulu. Futhi okwesibili, uma kungenzeka, ungasebenzisi amakhemikhali ekulawuleni izinambuzane. Ama-beetle azwela amakhemikhali abuye asebenze kabi kubo.
Ngubani odla izinyoni ze-beetle, kodwa akwenzi njalo ngenxa yesici esisodwa sezinyosi. Ngengozi (kanye nokukhungatheka kwezilwane), izinkukhu zikhupha izinto ezimbi, ngakho-ke izinyoni zizama ukugwema izibungu.
Ingabe i-beetle yomhlabathi ingalimaza ingadi
Emasimini, amasimu kanye nezitshalo eziqondile, okusanhlamvu (abamnyama) beetle behlabathi noma emapunini ahlaselwayo kuyingozi. Futhi isizathu yilokho leli bhungane le-ground lidla. Esikhundleni sezinambuzane zasegadini, lidla amaqabunga, amahlumela (izibungu) nokusanhlamvu kokusanhlamvu, futhi kokubili kutshalwa, okubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kuyingozi. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi izinkukhu zidla okusanhlamvu, zishaya indlebe, kanti okusanhlamvu konke kuwela emhlabathini. Ukulahlekelwa kokuvunwa okungenani kungaba yizinhlamvu ezingu-30-35 ezinsukwini ezingu-10-12 kusuka ku-beetle eyodwa endala.
I-beetle ye-Ground kule ncazelo ihluke ensimini. Ubumnyama obunombala, obuncane - u-1.3-1.6 cm ubude, obunezintambo ezincane ezibomvu noma obomvu, oshintshe ngokuphelele esimweni esiphezulu nesishisayo. Ukuqothulwa kokuhlasela kwezibhungane ezitshalweni zezitshalo - ekupheleni kukaMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Uyazi? I-black ground beetle ingathinta nommbila. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokuntuleka kokudla okumele kuphile, kungadla imbewu yekhula.
Indlela yokubhekana ne-beetle yomhlabathi
I-beetle yezilwane ezinambuzane yilezi zinambuzane izitholakala ezinambuzaneni ezilandelayo - pyrethroids, neonicatinoids, organophosphates. Lawa amakhemikhali asetshenziswa emasimini okupuniza kanye nokugqoka imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Kunezinqubo ze-agrotechnical, indlela yokubhekana ne-beetle emhlabathini omnyama. Lokhu kuvuna okuphelele kwesitshalo sangaphambilini, inhlonipho yokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, ukulima okujulile nokuhluma izinhlanga, ukulima okunye kuyadingeka.
Abalimi ngeke babe yinto engafanele ukuba bazi ngokuphathelene nemvelo, kufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu kanye nezindlela ezingenabungozi zokulawula izinambuzane emasimini nasezindadi zemifino.
