IMarjoram ingamakhambi noma isihlava sangemuva esihlala enyakatho ye-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nendawo ephakathi neYurophu. Kuwuhlobo kuhlobo lwe-Oregano futhi kungowomndeni u-Iasnatkovye. Amaqabunga athandwayo athandwa kakhulu atholakala njenge-isithokelo esinezipayisi kanye nomuthi. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo njenge-aphrodisiac, i-mellifer nokuhlobisa kwengadi kuyaziwa. Igama elithi "marjoram" ngesi-Arabhu lisho "okungenakuqhathaniswa". Futhi kutholakala amagama athi "mardakush" noma "mess."
Incazelo yezitshalo
UMarjoram ukhula ngo-20-50 cm ukuphakama. Siqukethe iziqu ezihlotshiswe ngokuqinile kuyo yonke ubude. Isisekelo sawo siyaqina ngokushesha bese kuba mnyama, futhi ingxenye engenhla imbozwe ngenqwaba emfishane futhi ipendwe ngesiliva grey noma onsomi. Ububanzi besihlahla bufika ku-35-40 cm. Iziqu ezinde zinemibala e-4.
Amaqabunga ama-ovoid noma ama-oval kuma-petioles amafushane akhula ngokuhlukile. Zinemaphethelo omfushane nendawo ephezulu yokugoba. Eduze nomaphethelo weshidi ezinhlangothini zombili kunenqwaba ethambile yensimbi yesiliva, eyenza amaqabunga athambekele, abe mnandi ekuthintweni. Banombala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Ubude beplate yephepha bungamasentimitha ayi-12 kanti ububanzi buyi-8-15 mm.
NgoJulayi-Agasti, ama-inflorescence abukeka njenge-spike aqhakaza eziqongweni zamahlumela. Banesimo esibhidlangile futhi bazizwa bebuthakathaka. Izimbali ezincane zikhula ngamaqhugwane futhi zinombala opinki, omhlophe noma obomvu. Ngemuva kokuvunda, imbewu iboshiwe - amantongomane anamaqanda anendawo ebushelelezi, aqoqwe izingcezu ezi-4 ngepheshana ngalinye.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo
Ngokwesiko, okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-marjoram engadini. Esimweni sezulu esipholile, sihlwanyelwa njengonyaka. Phezu kweziqu ezigqinsiwe kukhona amabala abomvu. Amacembe ama-oval fluffy akhula eduze komunye nomunye futhi abe ne-green hue. Izinhlobo:
- I-Gourmet - izinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqizayo ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuphela zakha isihlahla esidlulayo esingu-60 cm ukuphakama;
- I-Thermos - isiliva-grey sukela ngamasentimitha angama-40 ubude ikhula iqonde futhi imbozwe ngamahlamvu aluhlaza aluhlaza, bese kuqhakaza izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe ehlobo;
- I-Krethe - isihlahlana esiphansi, esinamachashaza anamaqabunga ayindilinga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, sisakaza izimbali ezinkulu eziphinki eziphinki ezisekelweni ezithandekayo futhi zifaka iphunga elinuka kamnandi.
Ukukhula nokutshala
Njengoba ku-ukulima amasiko kungokwasiko minyaka yonke, kungokwemvelo ukuthi kuzalwe kabusha ngembewu. Kungcono ukutshala izithombo ngaphambi kokukhula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekupheleni kukaMashi, kulungiswa amakhreyithi anenhlabathi engadi evundile futhi evundile. Imbewu encane ixutshwe nesihlabathi bese isatshalaliswa kuma-grooves ajule ngamasentimitha angama-2-3. Inhlabathi ifafazwa kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza futhi imbozwe ifilimu. Gcina i-greenhouse ekushiseni kuka-20 ... + 25 ° C.
Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamaviki angama-2-3. Ngemuva kwalokho, ifilimu iyasuswa futhi amazinga okushisa ancishiswe abe ngu + 12 ... + 16 ° C. Kunconywe ukuthi amazinga okushisa esikhathi sasemini nobusuku aguqukele ku-4 ° C. Njengoba inhlabathi yomile, i-marjoram iyaniselwa. Ngokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili eqiniso, izithombo zidonswa kwelinye ibhokisi elinebanga elingamasentimitha angama-6,6. Ngezinsuku ezifudumele, izitshalo zidonswa umoya omusha ukuze ziqiniswe.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liyehla liye ku-0 ° C, i-marjoram itshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Indawo ebanjwayo kufanele ikhethwe ivuliwe futhi inelanga, kepha ngaphandle kokusalungiswa. Njengoba isihlahla esivuthayo sizokwakheka maduze, izithombo azibekwanga indawo enkulu (15-20 cm ngokulandelana kanye nama-35-40 cm phakathi kwemigqa). Umhlaba kufanele ube nesihlabathi noma ugcotshwe, ukhululeke ngokwanele ngaphandle kokuntengantenga kwamanzi.
Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, bambe inhlabathi ngomquba noma i-humus, futhi banezela i-urea encane, i-superphosphate noma i-potassium sulfate (cishe i-20 g / m²). Udinga ukuzama ukusindisa isigaxa sobumba noma ukutshala isivuno kanye namabhodwe we-peat. Inqubo yokubamba izimpande ithatha amasonto amathathu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukushibilika kancane nokunisela okujwayelekile kuyadingeka.
Ukunakekelwa kweMarjoram
Ukuthola isivuno esihle se-marjoram, udinga ukukunaka, kepha imizamo eqile ayidingeki. Isiko lithanda umswakama, ngakho-ke udinga ukuwunisela kaningi futhi maningi, kepha isomiso sesikhashana esifushane ngeke silimaze kakhulu. Amacembe akhipha izokhula ngokushesha ngemuva kokunisela. Kusukela ngoJulayi, ukuthambisa sekwenziwe kaninginingi, okuvumela umhlaba wenhlabathi ukuba uqweqwe.
Ngemuva kokutshala i-marjoram, ukugqoka okukodwa okuphezulu kwanele. Kwethulwa ngemuva kwamasonto angama-3-4, cishe ekugcineni kokuzijwayeza. Usawoti wePotassium (10 g), urea (10 g) ne-superphosphate (15-20 g) buhlanjululwe ebhakedeni lamanzi. Isixazululo esiholelwayo sithululelwa 1 m² wemibhede. Ukukhathazeka okwengeziwe ngokudla akudingekile.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, khulula inhlabathi futhi ususe ukhula eduze kwezitshalo. Ukhula lwenziwa ngokunakekela ukuze kungalimali izimpande.
UMarjoram uvame ukumelana nezifo. Uma uyitshala kakhulu futhi ihlobo lina, ukhunta ungakhula emahlumela. Kungcono ukumane unciphise ukutshala bese ugcine ezinye izitshalo kunokuzisola nokubhubhisa konke. Marjoram moth angahlala ngezikhathi ezithile emapheshana.
Ukuqoqwa nokuvunwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavuthiwe
Ngenkathi, isihlahla siyakwazi ukuvuna kabili. Lokhu kwenziwa okokuqala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, futhi futhi ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Usebenzisa ummese obukhali noma isiyence, usike engxenyeni engenhla yamahlumela ngamaqabunga nezimbali, ushiye amahlumela abe ngu-6 cm. Iziqu ezikhona zihlanzwa kahle emanzini apholile bese zibekwa emigqeni yokomisa. Kufanele ukhethe indawo enomoya omncane othole emthunzini. Izitshalo zijikeleziswa njalo futhi zihanjiswa ukuze zome umfaniswano. Lapho wonke umswakama usuqothuliwe, izinto zokusetshenziswa zihlolwa amaqabunga omile nophuzi, bese zingena ezweni lesiphuphu. Ahlanganiswe ezitsheni zengilazi ngesivimbo esiqinile.
Ukupheka Isicelo
UMarjoram uyisinongo esithandwa kakhulu. Kunzima ukukhipha izwe elithile, izwe lezinongo. Uyathandwa yonke indawo. Ukunambitheka kwe-marjoram kuqukethe amanothi amasha kanye nolaka oluvuthayo. Lapho usuhlikihla amaqabunga, iphunga le-camphor elinezinongo ezihlwabusayo nezinoshukela liyazwakala. Ekhishini, isithokelo sisetshenziswa kaningi. Kungezwe kumasoseji, izitsha eziphambili, amasobho, amasaladi, iklabishi elihanjiswa kanye nama-legumes. Ukuxutshwa kuhlangene kahle nezitsha ezinamafutha. Isusa ushukela futhi ithuthukise ukugaya.
Ngokubambisana ne-sage, basil nembewu ye-caraway ungathola ukwakheka okumnandi ngokukhethekile. Amaqabunga owomile afakwa neziphuzo ezivuthayo. Isiphuzo esinjalo sengeza amandla futhi sifudumele ngokuphelele, sithuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi sinciphise nemithambo yegazi.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nesilinganiso. Uma ugqithisa nge izithasiselo, ukunambitheka kwesitsha kuzoyeka ukuzwakala.
Izici eziwusizo
Amahlamvu nezimbali ze-marjoram aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezisebenza ngokuphila. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- amavithamini;
- flavonoids;
- i-pectin;
- uwoyela obalulekile;
- phytohormones;
- manganese;
- ithusi
- insimbi
- i-zinc;
- calcium
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa irayisi ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza itiye kanye nama-decoctions ayinkimbinkimbi ngamanye amakhambi. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, amalungiselelo kusuka ku-marjoram abhekwe njengomuthi omuhle kakhulu wesistimu yokujikeleza kwenhliziyo nenhliziyo. Zibuye zisize ngezifo ezilandelayo:
- Ubuhlungu bezinyo
- izicubu zomsipha;
- ukungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini kanye nobuhlungu;
- ukulungiswa kwesizinda se-hormonal;
- ukukhungatheka kwamathumbu;
- ukuqwasha
- ikhanda.
Izitshalo zinesenzo se-diaphoretic, i-diuretic, i-bactericidal kanye nesikhunta. Ixovula kahle futhi isuse i-sputum emgudwini wokuphefumula.
Amafutha abalulekile afanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Isetshenziselwa amaseshini we-aromatherapy. Abuye agcotshwe ngamabele, ama-warts kanye nokuvuvukala esikhunjeni.
Contraindication kanye nezinkinga
Noma ngesimo sokuthambisa nge-marjoram, umuntu akufanele athole ukuthathwa kakhulu. It is contraindicated ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5, abesifazane abakhulelwe futhi abakhipha, abantu abaphethwe ukwanda kwegazi futhi thrombophlebitis.
Uma kwenzeka kuba ne-overdose, ikhanda, i-nausea nemizwelo ecindezelekile kwenzeka.
