Blueberry isihlahla sezithelo kusuka kuhlobo lwe-Vaccinium, uHeather womndeni. Phakathi kwabantu, lesi sitshalo saziwa nangamagama we-gonobob, i-dropsy, iklabishi roll, i-juniper, amagilebhisi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-blueberry. Ikhula eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, ukusuka endaweni enomswakama iye eTundra. Ama-Blueberries athanda izindawo ezimanzi, ezixhaphozi, ihlathi, ama-peat bogs namabhange emifula. Lesi sitshalo kudala saziwa ngamajikijolo waso amnandi futhi anempilo. Kepha ama-blueberries nawo angaba umhlobiso wensimu. Amahlathi aminyene anamaqabunga amancane, abomvu ekwindla, futhi amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka abukeka emangalisa kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-blueberries engadini sezakhiwe kakade, ezikhula kahle engadini, ngakho-ke akudingeki ubheke amajikijolo amnandi ehlathini noma esixhaphozini.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Blueberry isihlahla esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi angama-30-50 cm ukuphakama (kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1). Isikhathi sokuphila sesitshalo siyiminyaka engama-90-100. Amahlumela anezinhlavu zikhula zibheke phezulu noma zibunile kancane. Zimbozwe ngumbala okhanyayo onsundu noma ogqamile. I-rhizome yesitshalo ingukugqwala, ayibizi. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwezinwele zezimpande, ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kudinga i-Symbiosis enesikhunta (mycorrhiza).
Amahlamvu kuma-petioles amafushane akhula ngokuhlukile. Zinesakhiwo esiqinile nesimo se-oval enomphetho oyindilinga. Amahlamvu aluhlaza amnyama alukhuni angabi ngaphezu kwama-3 cm ubude futhi afinyelela ku-2,5 cm ububanzi. Ingaphezulu limbozwe ngumbala omfushane we-waxy owunika ithoni eluhlaza okotshani. Ngasohlangothini olukhanyayo, umthambo ophakathi nendawo odumile ubonakala kahle. Ekwindla, amahlamvu aqala ukubomvu abese awe.
Kusuka eminyakeni engu-11 kuya ku-11, kuqhuma imbali. Izimbali ziyavela ngoMeyi. Zincane impela, zinomumo obunjiwe wensimbi futhi zakha ama-inflorescence aqinile aze abe yizicucu ezingama-20. I-corolla ngayinye ikhula ku-peduncle eguquguqukayo, ne-drooping. Ama-petals amhlophe noma apinki akhanyayo ngombala.
Ngemuva kokuvunda impova, amajikijolo ayindilinga noma abomvu avuthwe maphakathi nehlobo. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuthola umbala wesimilo, kuzothatha ezinye izinsuku eziningana ukuthi izithelo zithambe futhi zimnandi. Isikhumba ngokuvamile sine-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enokuhlanganiswa kwe-waxy. Ubude berry bufika ku 12 mm. Isithelo sama-blueberries siphakeme impela, kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungasiqoqa kuze kufike ku-10 kg wezithelo. Isisindo salowo nalowo ufinyelela ku-10-25 g.
Ama-Blueberries noma ama-blueberries
Ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle kwezihlahla kanye namajikijolo, ama-blueberries avame ukudidaniswa nama-blueberries. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba zombili lezi zitshalo zihlobene kakhulu futhi zingamalungu onhlobo olufanayo. Kunokwehluka okuningana kwesici:
- ama-blueberries aphansi kakhulu futhi amagatsha awo cishe njalo asakazeka emhlabathini;
- ama-blueberries ukunambitheka okumnandi futhi okulula;
- ujusi wezithelo ze-blueberry esobala, azigcini izandla nezingubo;
- ukwakheka kwama-blueberries kuhlala kuyindilinga, kuyilapho ama-blueberries engahle aqhele.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo zama-blueberries
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezilandelwayo zama-blueberries: ama-marsh (enyakatho, aqine), ingadi (ephakeme, yaseMelika), i-nyembamba-leaved (ephakathi nendawo, enamaqabunga amancane namajikijolo). Ngenhloso yokuhlobisa nokuthola isivuno esiningi, izinhlobo zezingadi zivame ukusetshenziswa:
- I-Blucrop. I-Shrub enamahlumela aqonde phezulu aze afike ku-2 m ukuphakama entwasahlobo embozwe ngamaqabunga amahle abomvu agcina eluhlaza. NgoMeyi, kuvela izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe, kanti ehlobo, iziqu ezinkulu zamajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amnyama avuthwa aze afinyelela ku-2 cm ubukhulu.
- Patriot. Isihlahla esibuthaka esinobuthakathaka obungu-1.5-2 m ukuphakama sakha umqhele oluhlaza obukhulu. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, amahlumela aminyene wezithelo ezithwetshiwe avuthwa ngothuli oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Bluegold. Isihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi amakhulu sifinyelela ku-1,2 m ubude sithela isivuno samajikijolo aluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza ovuthwa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
- Duke. Isihlahla esikhula kancane kancane esingu-120-180 cm esivele saphakathi maphakathi no-Julayi sithela isivuno samajikijolo amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhlobonhlobo zothando lokushisa ezimweni ezinhle zinika ama-8 kg wezithelo ezihlahleni.
- Umfula. Amahlumela athontshiwe angakhuli kahle. Ukuphakama kwawo kungamasentimitha angama-170-200. Maphakathi noJuni, amajikijolo amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aqala ukuvuthwa. Ukunambitha okuhle nokubekezelela izinto zokuhamba kahle.
- Ibhonasi Cishe isihlahla esiyindilinga sithela izithelo ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Isici saso esihlukanisa usayizi wamajikijolo (afinyelela ku-3 cm ubukhulu). Zimbozwe ngesikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi zinomumo oyindilinga.
- Chandler. Isihlahla somhlume esikhula ngokushesha esingu-1.5 m ukuphakama siphinde sinikeze amakhulu (afinyelela ku-2,5 cm ubukhulu) amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- ENorthland Isihlahla esifushane (100-120 cm) esinezimbali eziminyene, esidonsa umqhele kanye namaqabunga amancane okusaqanda embozwe amajikijolo amnyama aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi.
- IDenis Blue. Isihlahla esiphakeme (150-180 cm) sidumile hhayi kuphela ekuvuneni, kodwa futhi nasekuhlobiseni okuphezulu. Phakathi kwamaqabunga amancane ama-emerald kusabalale ukuqhakaza kwama-pink inflorescence. Ngemuva kokuvota, amajikijolo amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka avuthiwe.
- Izwe laseNyakatho. Isitshalo esifushane asidluli ku-60 cm ukuphakama. Inikeza isivuno esinesizotha xaxa, kepha amajikijolo ane ukunambitheka okukhulu futhi okumnandi kakhulu. Le nhlobonhlobo ayinciphisi emhlabathini futhi ayihambisani nesithwathwa.
- Kuyamangaza. Ukusabalalisa amahlumela aze afike ku-1.8 m ukuphakama kube nezinqubo eziningi ezingemuva. Maphakathi nehlobo, imithambo eminyene yamajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enesikhumba esincanyana, ephukile ibonakala phezu kwawo.
Izindlela zokuzala
Izindlela eziningi zilungele ama-blueberries akhulayo.
Ukukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Imbewu kufanele iqoqwe kusuka amajikijolo avuthwe kahle kusuka ezihlahleni ezinempilo. Bayakhululwa epulpiti, bagezwe futhi bomiswe. Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuduka, izilimo zihlwanyelwa ezitsheni ezinesihlabathi nomhlaba we-peat kuya ekujuleni kuka-5 mm. Iziqukathi ziqukethe at lokushisa lika + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Inhlabathi ivundiswa njalo. Iminyaka emi-2, izithombo zikhule endaweni eyodwa. Kuzodingeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhambisa amanzi nokukhulula inhlabathi eduze nezimpande. Kusuka onyakeni wesithathu, amahlahla aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka angatshalwa engadini.
Ukusika kwe-midzi - indlela ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqadi. Ama-cutways aluhlaza asikwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo, bese kuthiwe lignified kusuka ekwindla. Amahlumela kufanele abe nobude obucishe abe ngu-15 cm. Ukusikwa okungezansi kwenziwa ngokungenamkhawulo ngaso leso sikhathi ifindo. Ngemuva kokulashwa ngesivuseleli sokukhula, ukusika kugxilwe emiphongolweni enenhlabathi equkethe kuze kube yi-70% isihlabathi. Zigcinwa ngaphansi kwehod cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Lapho kuvela isiqu futhi kuvela amahlumela amasha, indawo yokukhosela ingasuswa.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Amabhishi aphansi angahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. Entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo simbiwe ngokuphelele futhi izingxenye zezimpande ezinezimbali eziningana noma amahlumela amasha zihlukaniswa. Ngokushesha emva kokukhohlisa, izingosi zezilayi ziphathwa ngamalahle achotshoziwe bese kutshalwa i-Delenki.
Izendlalelo ze-Rooting. Amagxolo asegatsheni elingaphansi alimala kancane, bese bewacindezela emhlabathini bawalungise. Ukuhlelwa kufanele kuniselwe kaningi. Kuzothatha izimpande kulo nyaka, kepha ukwahlukana nokufakelwa kwenziwa kuphela emva kweminyaka eyi-2.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Ukuze uthole i-blueberries, kungcono ukukhetha indawo ekhosele nengadini ezolile yengadi. Indawo le ifanelekile ngasohlangothini oluseningizimu kocingo, udonga noma eceleni kwezinye izihlahla nezihlahla. Lesi sitshalo sithanda izindawo ezikhanyiswe kahle, kepha ngokuvamile sikhula emthunzini oyingxenye.
Ukufakelwa indawo kwenziwa kangcono maphakathi nekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Njengesitshalo sezithelo, ama-blueberries atshalwa ngemigqa ngebanga elingamamitha ayi-1 phakathi kwezihlahla ezima-2-3 m kwendawo. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzoba nokukhanya okwanele kokufika futhi kuyokwazi ukubanakekela. Amabhasi akhula kahle kuphela enhlabathini acidic. Uma kunesidingo, inani elanele lesihlabathi kanye ne-peat kulethwa emhlabathini. Izimpande ezisegodini lokutshala zisabalalisa ngokulinganayo futhi zimboze isikhala samahhala ngenhlabathi evulekile ngaphandle kwezithasiselo ze organic. Intamo yezimpande ijule cishe ngo-3-5 cm.
Ekupheleni kokutshala, izihlahla ziniselwa ngokweqile futhi zifihla ingaphakathi lomhlabathi ngamagxolo ochotshoziwe, utshani nezinaliti. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukwakheka kwengqubu eminyene ebusweni. Noma kunjalo, kaningana phakathi nenkathi umhlaba uyakhululwa. Izimpande zingama-10-15 cm kuphela ukusuka phezulu, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wenziwa ngokuqapha. Ukhula kufanele futhi lususwe.
Ama-Blueberries adinga ukuthambisa njalo. Umhlaba ezimpandeni kufanele uhlale unomswakama omncane, kepha ukumiswa kwe-ketshezi isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili kuholela ekubolweni. Uma kungekho ukuna kwezulu, amabhakede amanzi ayi-1-1,5 athululelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla kabili ngesonto. Ukunisela kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu ekuseni noma sekusondele ilanga. Ngisho nasekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho isivuno sesivuniwe, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokunisela ama-blueberries, ngoba njengamanje kwakha ukuqhakaza izimbali ezintsha. Kubalulekile futhi ukufafaza isihlahla sonke ngezinsuku ezishisayo, kepha hhayi ntambama.
Ukwenza isivuno sibe siningi, ama-blueberries adinga ukuvundiswa njalo. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele usebenzise i-organics. Ukuze ulondoloze i-asidi ephezulu yenhlabathi, kufakwa isixazululo se-colloidal sulfure, i-citric acid noma i-electrolyte engu-0,1 yebhethri kuyo. Ukugqoka kuqala okuphezulu kwethulwa ngaphambi kokuvuleka kwamahlamvu, okwesibili ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, bese kuthi okokugcina lapho amajikijolo avuthwe.
Ukunakekela ama-blueberries kufaka ukugalelwa okuphoqelekile, okukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ukubumbana, ukuhlobisa nokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Isikhathi esihle sokuthena izihlahla kusentwasahlobo yokuqala, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Amagatsha emithambo akhiwa emahlahleni amancane angamelana nomthwalo omkhulu. Amahlumela aluhlaza angasika kube isigamu. Izithombo ezomile nezonakalisiwe zisuswa unyaka wonke ziye ezisekelweni. Amahlumela amadala kuneminyaka engu-5 ubudala anqunywa emhlabathini ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela amancane. Kubalulekile futhi ukunciphisa umqhele obukhulu kakhulu, ngoba ngokuqina ngokuqina, izimbali ziba ziningi, amajikijolo avuthwe kahle.
Ama-Blueberries aboniswa ukumelana okuhle nesithwathwa, kepha kubusika obunzima (ngaphansi kuka-25 kuya ku-C) ngokungekho iqhwa lokumboza iqhwa. Ukugwema lokhu, ngemuva kokuvuna, amagatsha atshalwa emhlabathini futhi aqiniswa nge-twine noma ucingo. Amahlamvu omile namagatsha e-spruce aphonswa phezulu, bese kuthi ebusika kuthulwe iqhwa ebusika. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukususa yonke indawo yokuhlala ukuze isitshalo singavuthwa.
Ngokukhetha okuyikho kwendawo nokunakekelwa, ama-blueberries awaguli futhi awathinteki kakhulu yizinambuzane. Uma amanzi evame ukugwazeka emhlabathini, ukubola okungwevu, ukumiswa kwegatsha, ukubona amabala amhlophe noma ukubala okuphindwe kabili kungakhula. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, kufanele unakekele inhlabathi yomhlabathi kanye nokususwa kwamanzi ngokweqile. Amagatsha asenegciwane asele asikiwe futhi abhujiswa, kuthi lawo aphile kahle aphathwe nge-fungicide ("Topaz", Bordeaux ketshezi, "Topsin").
Izimbungulu zingasikhathaza kakhulu lesi sitshalo, kepha ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezilinganayo, kanye nezimbotshane zikaphayini nazo kungahlala. Ama-parasites aqoqwa ngesandla futhi aphathwe ngesibulala-zinambuzane. Ukuze amakhemikhali angahlali amajikijolo, kuthathwa ukwelashwa kokuthibela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimbali.
Izinzuzo ze-Berry
Ama-Blueberries angumthombo wezakhi zomzimba. Bayakwazi ukuvikela, ukuqinisa nokuthuthukisa umzimba womuntu. Ijusi liqukethe amavithamini (A, B1, B2, K, C), ama-amino acid, izinto ezincane kanye nama-macro. Lezi zinto zisusa izinsimbi ezi-radioactive, ziqinise imithambo yegazi, zivuse umgudu wokugaya ukudla, zisize ngamakhaza kanye ne-tonsillitis, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi.
Ama-decoction, ama-tinctures, ama-preservation, ama-compotes ngokungezwa kwama-amajikijolo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ashiya ukuncipha kwama-rheumatism kanye nomkhuhlane, athuthukise umbono, anciphise imisipha yokuncipha. Zisetshenziselwa ushukela kanye nokuthambekela ekwakheni isimila.
Ama-Blueberries awanayo imibimbi. Vele, kuyadingeka ukuyisebenzisa kancane, njenganoma yimuphi omunye umkhiqizo. Ukwedlula amajikijolo emzimbeni kuholela komzimba, kubangele isicanucanu, ukuphakama kwamathumbu kanye nokwehla kwezwi lemisipha.
