Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakha, umnikazi ngamunye wekhaya lesikhathi esizayo ukhetha into ezobe yenziwe kuyo. Njengomthetho, abanikazi banentshisekelo ngamanani namandla. Imakethe yanamuhla inikezela ngenani elikhulu lezinto zokwakha ngezakhiwo ezahlukile nezindleko, lapho ungadideka kalula. Sizokusiza ukhethe inketho efaneleke kakhulu.
Iyiphi indlu ezokwakhiwa?
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, awudingi ukunquma kuphela impahla, kepha iphrojekthi yendlu. Ungayithola ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Thintana ne-bureau ekhethekile, lapho izokwenzela khona iphrojekthi yomuntu siqu ngokulinganisa noma ukunikeze enye evamile. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuyabiza impela, kepha kukuvumela ukuthi uthole okubalwe ngokuphelele.
- Ezinye izitolo zinikeza le projekthi mahhala lapho uthenga izinto zokwakha, lokhu kuvame ukuba yinethiwekhi enkulu, uzodinga ukubheka amasheya awo. Lokhu akuyona into elula kakhulu, ngoba ngesikhathi esifanele kungenzeka kungabi khona okunikezwayo esitolo okuthandayo.
- Thola iphrojekthi ku-Intanethi: kwamanye amasayithi ungathola okuthile okulungele mahhala.
Ngaphambi kokubeka isisekelo sesakhiwo, akulimalanga ukumema uchwepheshe ozokusiza ekufundeni inhlabathi nokubala ukuthi yisiphi isisekelo osidingayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukuthi ubheke ukuthi zingaki izitezi endlini. Indlu enendaba eyodwa inezimpawu zayo, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukubheka izinzuzo nezingozi ngokushesha. Izinzuzo zifaka okulandelayo:
- Azikho izitezi ngaphakathi, okulula kakhulu futhi okuphephile, uma izingane noma impesheni zihlala endlini, ungahlela isikhala sakho kahle.
- Kulula ukunakekela i-facade, ngoba ukuze ukhuphuke, kwanele kanye ne-stepladder.
- Ukuxhumana okwandayo kulula, kudingeka izinto ezingaphansi uma indawo incane.
- Uma ubala indlu engu-10 * 10 odongeni kuzothatha okungaphansi.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona nokubi, okubandakanya okulandelayo:
- Kunzima ukuhlela ikamelo ngaphandle kwamagumbi okuhamba.
- Imali efanayo izosetshenziswa ophahleni nasisekelweni njengakwiprojekthi yezindaba ezi-2, kepha indawo yokuhlala izoba yingxenye.
- Kudingeka indawo enkulu yomhlaba.
Uma sibheka indlu enezitezi ezimbili njengenketho, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukubheka izinzuzo zayo nokungathandeki kwayo. Izici ezinhle zifaka:
- Ukukhetha okukhulu kwamaphrojekthi nendawo yokugcina. Ungakha indlu ngamamitha-skwele ayi-120 noma ngaphezulu. m escebeni esincane somhlaba.
- Ukukhetha okukhulu kwamaphrojekthi atholakalayo.
- Ilondolozwa ophahleni.
- Amandla wokwehlisa izindleko zokufakwa.
Okubi kakhulu:
- Kunzima ukunakekela i-facade, ngoba kuyinkinga ukufika esitezi sesibili.
- Awumuhle kakhulu ukufakwa komsindo phakathi kwezitezi.
- Indlu inezitebhisi, ithatha isikhala esiningi samahhala, udoti nothuli lunganqwabelana ngaphansi kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mklamo kunzima ukunqoba abantu asebekhulile nezingane.
Ukushisa
Uma indlu iyindaba-eyodwa, kunethuba lokonga emapayipini, ngoba ukwakheka okuhle komdwebo kungokwendabuko, ukulahleka kokushisa, ngokulandelana, kuncane. Kusetshenziswa izinto eziningi ngokwengeziwe esakhiweni esinezitezi ezimbili, ngoba ukwakheka kwe-cubic kufanelekile. Futhi uma ifomu elinomnotho kakhulu lendlu enendaba eyodwa liyindawo eyi-10x10, lapho-ke emabangeni amabili kuzobiza okungaphansi kwendawo yamamitha ayi-6x6 noma ama-9x9.
Yini yokwakha indlu kusuka?
Lapho ukhetha impahla, umbuzo kuphakama ukuthi ukhetha ini: izitini nezinkuni azibizi nje kuphela, kepha futhi kuthatha isikhathi ukusebenza. Uma ufuna ukusindisa, isinqumo kufanele senziwe esivuna ibhlokhi. Kodwa-ke, nalapha futhi, akulula. Kunenqwaba yamabhulokhi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
Ikhonkrithi eshisiwe
Kukhonkolo o-aerated kusetshenziselwa umsebenzi wokwakha izindlu ezizimele. Yinto engasindi e-porous enamandla aphezulu nezindleko ezingabizi. Cabanga ngezimpawu zalo:
- Amabhulokhi kakhonkolo aerated ahlukene ngamandla. Ngokuya ngokuthi kukhona amafulethi amangaki endlini, udinga ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lokulebula, uma luphakeme kakhulu, lusindayo futhi kubiza kakhulu lokho okusetshenziswayo. Isibonelo, iyunithi ye-D500 30x25x60 inesisindo esingama-30 kg. Lokhu kufana nenani lezitini ezingama-22, isisindo sazo esizoba ngama-80 kg. Usebenzisa ibhulokhi yegesi, ungonga esisekelweni.
- Ukushiswa kokushisayo: ngenxa yesakhiwo se-porous, ukushisa kugcinwa kahle ngaphakathi kwezindonga.
- Izindonga ezithandekayo ezenziwe ngezinto zemvelo. Indlu enjalo inemvelo imvelo, ine-microclimate yayo.
- Ukuphepha ngomlilo: impahla ayishisi.
- Ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphezulu: iyunithi ayesabi amazinga okushisa aphansi, umehluko wayo.
- Indwangu ayesabi umswakama, yize ingakuthandi ukugcotshwa kwamanzi njalo.
- Inzuzo: ubukhulu obukhulu bunganciphisa kakhulu inani lamabhulokhi asetshenzisiwe futhi bandise ijubane lokwakhiwa.
- Kulula ukubona, inemiphetho ebushelelezi, cishe ayidingi ukugaya okwengeziwe, izindonga zibushelelezi ngokuphelele.
- Ngemuva kokwakha, kwenzeka i-shrinkage encane, engeqi ku-0-0-0,5%.
- Elilinganayo, eligcina ukubeka odongeni.
Ukuxhuma amabhlokhi kakhonkolo aerated, glue ekhethekile isetshenziswa kaningi. Amabhulokhi efektri abushelelezi kakhulu, ukuphambuka akukho ngaphezu kwe-1 mm, okuvumela ukuthi uthole udonga oluyisicaba. Uma usebenzisa i-glue, ama-seams nawo abushelelezi, ngakho-ke ungonga kakhulu ngokudliwayo noku-odaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeke kube nokulahlekelwa ukushisa, ngoba umthungo wokukhulisa umzimba ngeke ube nezimbobo. Ungqimba weglue mncane, umsebenzi ulula; ingabonakala kanjani ngqo kuvidiyo. Umgomo ulula: i-glue isetshenziswa emabhulokini, futhi ibekwa ngaphezulu komunye nomunye nge-offset. I-glue ingxube ye-powdery, ehlanganisa isihlabathi se-quartz, i-polymer kanye nezithasiselo zemvelo, usimende.
Isakhiwo sobumba esandisiwe
Amabhulokhi odonga enziwe ngale ndlela asezindlela eziningi isisombululo sendabuko, ngoba asetshenziswa kaningi kunezindlela zokwenziwa futhi aziwa kakhulu ngabakhi nabanini bamakhaya abaningi. Zisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezingezona zodwa, kepha zisetshenziswa futhi abanye abathuthukisi lapho kwakhiwa izakhiwo eziphakeme. Isisindo seyunithi enjalo asisikhulu kakhulu, usayizi ofanele ukuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokunethezeka nalo, futhi intengo engabizi inganciphisa izindleko zokwakha.
Ibhlokhi yenziwa ngengxube kakhonkolo nobumba olwandisiwe, inekhono elihle lokugcina ukushisa namandla aphezulu. Izinzuzo zako:
- Intengo enengqondo.
- Isisindo esikhanyayo - isilinganiso sama-15 kg.
- Ukuphila isikhathi eside.
- Amandla okugcina ukushisa nokuhlukanisa umsindo.
Izici nezici zamabhuloki wobumba owandisiwe:
- Ubuningi - 700-1500 kg / m3.
- Kulula ukudaka.
- Melana nethonya lezemvelo.
- Ukumelana nesithwathwa, umswakama, ezinye izimo zezulu.
- Akushisi futhi ayesabi umswakama.
- Kufanelekile ukwakha isisekelo.
Okubi:
- Ukubukeka okungabonakali, amabhlokhi awaphelele, ngakho-ke, adinga ukufaka udaka noma ukuqeda okwengeziwe.
- Kunzima ukubona nokulingana.
Isilinda esivimba
Ibhulokhi ye-silicate isezindlela eziningi ezifanayo nekhonkrithi aerated, kepha ayinayo i-voids enjalo. Yenziwe ngokhonkolo, ukhonkolo nesihlabathi esivutshiwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-ejenti yokushaya. Ingxube icindezelwa kusetshenziswa umfutho ophakeme bese ibalwa kuhhavini. Lokhu okuqukethwe kusebenza kakhulu ekwakhiweni okuphansi nokwenyuka okuphezulu, uyakwazi ukuqukethe umsindo.
Izinzuzo ezinkulu zifaka:
- Amandla aphezulu, ukuqina. Ukusuka kubhuloki obukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-25, zingakhiwa izindlu eziyizitezi eziyi-9.
- Akesabi umlilo.
- Inikeza ukuzimela okuhle komsindo.
- Akuthintwa ukhunta kanye nesikhunta ngokunakekelwa okufanele.
- Kuphefumula.
- Cishe isicaba ngokuphelele. Awukwazi ukubeka udaka (i-putty eyanele).
- Ukulondolozwa kwesikhala.
- Ijubane eliphezulu lokubeka kanye nomsebenzi omncane wokuqedela ngaphakathi.
Okubi:
- Isisindo esiningi, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kuzodinga isisekelo esiqinile.
- Uma isimo sezulu sibanda ngokwanele, ibhulokhi yesilayidi kuzofanele ifakwe ngokuqinile: ngensimbi yebhlokhi engu-250 mm, i-heater enobukhulu obungu-130 mm iyadingeka.
- Uma igumbi limanzi, udinga ukungangeni manzi, ngakho-ke kumagumbi angaphansi nasekamelweni lokugezela lesi akusona isisombululo esihle kakhulu.
Ithebula: Ukuqhathanisa izintengo nge-m2 ngayinye
| Izici: | Isakhiwo sobumba esandisiwe | Isilinda esivimba | Ikhonkrithi eshisiwe |
| Ukushisa Okushisa, W / m2 | 0,15-0,45 | 0,51 | 0,12-0,28 |
| Ukumelana neqhwa, kwimjikelezo | 50-200 | 50 | 10-30 |
| Ukumelana namanzi,% | 50 | 17 | 100 |
| Mass, 1m2 odongeni | 500-900 | 300 | 200-300 |
| Amandla, kg / cm2 | 25-150 | 162 | 5-20 |
| Ubukhulu, kg / m3 | 700-1500 | 1400 | 200-600 |
| Amanani | Kusukela ngo-1980 ama-ruble nge-cube ngayinye | Kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1250 | Kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1260 nge-cube ngayinye |
Yimuphi indlu ongayakha, okhethayo, izinketho ezikwethuliwe zinezinzuzo zazo nobunzima, kepha zonke ziyahlukahluka ngamandla nokuqina. Ngemuva kokucabanga ngezinto ezinhle nokubi, unganquma ngokunembile ukuthi iyiphi indlela efanelekile.
