Ubhontshisi ubhekwa njengezitshalo ezingenakudonsa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singavumelana nalokhu - isiko alisiyathokozi kakhulu. Kepha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemithetho eminingana, ukungagcinwa okungathinta isivuno esibi. Lapho kukhula ubhontshisi, impumelelo ikakhulukazi ixhomekeke ekutshaleni okufanele.
Ukutshala nokukhulisa izithombo zikabhontshisi
Ngendlela yokuhlwanyela, ubhontshisi ukhule ikakhulu ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sokuvuna ezimweni ezimfishane zasehlobo. Enkabeni yeRussia nezindawo eziseningizimu asikho isidingo esikhethekile sokukhulisa izithombo zikabhontshisi, ingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukulungiswa kwamathangi nenhlabathi
Izithombo zikabhontshisi azikubekezeleli ukulimala kwezimpande ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuzikhulisa emabhokisini noma emaphashini, kungcono ukusebenzisa iziqukathi ezihlukile. Kungaba izinkomishi zepulasitiki, kepha izithombo kumele zisuswe ngokucophelela kuzo. Inketho enhle - amabhodwe we-peat noma izinkomishi zephepha. Kulokhu, lapho kutshalwa izitshalo endaweni ehlala njalo, uhlelo lwezimpande luzovikelwa ngokuphelele.
Uma ukhula izithombo zikabhontshisi ezimbizeni ze-peat, uhlelo lwezimpande ngeke lonakale lapho udlulisa izitshalo
Isidingo esikhulu somhlabathi sokutshala izithombo zikabhontshisi umthamo omkhulu wokumunca, ukuphefumula kanye nesakhiwo esixegayo. Enye yezingoma ezilandelayo zenhlabathi inganconywa:
- Izingxenye ezi-2 ze-peat, izingxenye ezi-2 ze-humus nengxenye e-1 ye-sawdust (ingxube ye-peat). Ngaphambi kokufaka i-sawdust kule ngxube, zigezwa amahlandla ama-2-3 ngamanzi abilayo.
- Umquba nomfudu ngokulinganayo.
- Izingxenye ezi-3 zomhlaba wensimu kanye nezingxenye ezi-2 zomhlaba wefudu.
Cishe i-2% yesihlabathi nomlotha omncane kufanele kufakwe ezingxube ezimbili zokugcina.
Ekhulisa ukwelashwa kwembewu
Ukuze ukhulise ukuhluma kwezinhlobo zikabhontshisi bese ukwenza ukuthi ungakusebenzeli ukubulala amagciwane, udinga ukwenza ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Kunje:
- Ukulinganisa Ekuqaleni, ungayibona ngamehlo imbewu eyonakele noma elahliwe. Izinto ezikhethiwe zokutshala zigcinwa kwisisombululo se-3-5% se-sodium chloride. Imbewu esekwe ebusweni ayifanelekile ukutshala, icwile phansi - igcwele futhi iphezulu. Kugezwa ngosawoti bese kuqhutshekwa kusetshenzwe.
Lapho imbewu yokulinganisa, kukhethwe imbewu enamazinga aphezulu nezinga eliphakeme, engafanele ukutshala iyenqatshwa
- Isikhubekiso. Imbewu igcinwa kwisisombululo se-manganese esingu-1-2% (i-1-2 g nge-100 ml yamanzi) imizuzu engama-20, bese ihlanjwa kahle emanzini agobhozayo bese yomile.
Ukuze kutholakale amagciwane, imbewu yobhontshisi ifakwa kwisisombululo se-manganese imizuzu engama-20
- Ukugcotshwa. Ukuze ubhontshisi uhlume ngokushesha, amuncwa amahora ayi-12-16 (kodwa kungabe kusaba njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu izophenduka imuncu) ukuncibilika noma amanzi emvula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, indwangu enomswakama ifakwa esitsheni esineziningi eziphansi, kubekwa ubhontshisi kuyo bese imbozwa nge-gauze egoqwe izingqimba eziningana. Benza isiqiniseko sokuthi imbewu ihlala inomswakama futhi ngasikhathi sinye akukho ukuzuma kwamanzi.
Ukusheshisa ukuhluma, ubhontshisi ufakwe ezitsheni ezinezinga elibanzi, kusetshenziswa indwangu emanzi
- Ukuphatha. Isetshenziselwa izifunda lapho kunobungozi bokwehla kwezinga lokushisa ngemuva kokudlulisela izithombo emhlabathini. Ubhontshisi ofakwe emanzini ugcinwa esiqandisini amahora angama-5-6 emazingeni okushisa we + 4 ° C.
Izinsuku nemithetho yokutshala ubhontshisi ezitshalweni
Izithombo zikhula kungakapheli amasonto amathathu kuya amane. Isikhathi sokufakelwa kwaso sokuvula umhlaba sincike ezimweni zezulu zesifunda esikhulayo. Maphakathi nethambeka, izithombo zitshalwa embhedeni ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokugcina zikaMeyi; ngenxa yalokho, ubhontshisi kufanele uhlwanyelwe ezitsheni ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi inyiswa ngokulinganiselwe. Imbewu ijule ngo-3-4 cm. Uma kunokungabaza mayelana nokuhluma, ungatshala imbewu emibili, bese ukhetha isitshalo esinamandla kuzo. Kepha, njengomthetho, imbewu yobhontshisi ikhula kahle.
Amathangi anezithombo ezitshaliwe ambozwe ngefilimu futhi agcinwa + 23 ° C kuze kube ukuhluma. Kubalulekile ukuvikela ukwakheka kokuqothuka kwenhlabathi, ngoba kuzovimbela ukuqhuma kwembewu. Ukuhluma kwamathenda kungahle kudlule, kudlule kuqweqwe. Imvamisa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5 kuvela amahlumela.
Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo, iziqukathi ezinezithombo zimbozwe ngefilimu
Ukunakekela izithombo
Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ihlumile, izinga lokushisa lika +16 ° C liyagcinwa phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokulinyelwa. Akufanele kuvunyelwe ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa, ngoba izithombo zingayeka ukukhula noma nokufa.
Ubhontshisi afuneka ngokukhanya, ngakho-ke izithombo kudingeka zinikeze indawo enelanga. Izithombo zinisela ngokulingana amanzi futhi zigcina inhlabathi isesimweni esikhululekile. Izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ngaphambi kokudlulisa izithombo ziye endaweni ehlala njalo, izitshalo ziyaqedwa emoyeni ovulekile. Izithombo zikulungele ukutshala emhlabathini lapho kuvela amaqabunga amathathu noma amane eqiniso.
Lapho kuvela amapheshana wangempela e-3-4 ezitshalweni, kulungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Lapho ulungisa inhlabathi ngemuva kokumba ngokujulile, kufakwa umanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali kuyo (kususelwa ku-1 m2):
- i-humus noma umquba - 2-3 kg;
- umlotha wezinkuni - ingilazi eyi-1;
- superphosphate - 1 isipuni;
- nitrophoska - 1 isipuni.
Ngemuva kokufaka umanyolo, zihlanganiswa nenhlabathi ngokumba okungashonile (10-12 cm).
Izitshalo ziniselwa kakhulu ngosuku lokutshala. Yenza ukufutheka enhlabathini ngosayizi wezinkomishi futhi ugobe kahle. Izithombo zisuswa ngokucophelela ezinkomishini zepulasitiki, zizama ukungalimazi inqwaba yomhlaba, futhi zibekwe emgodini ongu-1-2 cm ngokujula kunokuba izithombo zikhule ethangini. Izinkomishi ze-Peat noma zamaphepha zidonswa emgodini onezithombo. Fafaza inhlabathi ukuze kungabikho izikhala, amanzi ne-mulch. Uma kunosongo lokwehlisa izinga lokushisa, izitshalo zivikelwe ngendwangu yokumboza ebusuku.
Izinhlobo zokukhuphuka, izisekeli zifakwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Ungatshala izitshalo eduzane namabhilidi akhona esakhiweni.
Ividiyo: Ukuhlwanyela Imbewu Yabhonji eSawdust
Ukuhlwanyela ubhontshisi enhlabathini evulekile
Ubhontshisi ofuna ukushisa ukukhula okusebenzayo kwenzeka ekushiseni komoya okungu-20-25°C. Amahlumela angafa vele emazingeni okushisa angama-1 ° C.
Ukuhlwanyela izinsuku
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ubhontshisi uhlwanyelwa endaweni evulekile ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo - ngemuva kukaMeyi 20, kanye nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho balinde ubungozi bokuthi isithwathwa sasebusuku sinyamalale, njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Imvamisa, isikhathi sokuhlwanyela ubhontshisi namakhukhamba kuyafana. Uma, noma kunjalo, kunengozi yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwe-zero, amahlumela ebusuku embozwe ngefilimu.
Izimo zokutshala ubhontshisi
Indawo yobhontshisi ikhanyiswe kahle futhi ivikelwe nomoya obandayo. Efanele kakhulu ama-legumes inhlabathi evundile enesakhiwo esikhanyayo. Emhlabathini onobumba osindayo, ikakhulukazi uma amanzi aphansi aphezulu, ubhontshisi ngeke ukhule. Emhlabathini obandayo onesilinganiso esiphakeme samanzi aphansi komhlaba, ubhontshisi ukhule ezihlahleni ezinkulu.
Ubhontshisi kufanele ube nelanga futhi ushiswe kahle.
Umanyolo we-organic usetshenziswa kangcono uma kukhula izimbungulu zabhontshisi. Uma inhlabathi yayilungiswe kahle ngezinto eziphilayo, kwanele ukusebenzisa kuphela umanyolo we-phosphate ne-potash. Ukusuka kumanyolo we-nitrogen, inqwaba eluhlaza izokhula kakhulu ukuze ilimaze isivuno, ngakho-ke ayifakwa.
Emhlabathini ompofu ekwindla enza ngesilinganiso 1 m2:
- Umanyolo we-organic (humus noma umquba) - 4-5 kg;
- superphosphate - 30 g;
- Umanyolo we-potash - 20-25 g (noma i-0,5 l yomlotha wezinkuni).
Ubhontshisi awukwazi ukubekezelela ukwanda kwe-acidity yenhlabathi; inhlabathi ephendula ngokungathathi hlangothi noma i-acidic encane (pH 6-7) izoba yinhle impela. Uma i-acidity ingaphezulu kokujwayelekile, ukubeka imfuneko kuyadingeka.
Ukuhluma kwembewu yobhontshisi kuqala lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifinyelela kumazinga okushisa ayi-10-12 ° C ekujuleni kuka-10 cm.
Ilungiselela imbewu yokutshala
Imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile iphathwa ngendlela efanayo nangesikhathi yokuhlwanyelalela izithombo: ikalwe, ihlolwe amagciwane futhi ifakwe emanzini. Ubhontshisi ophathwe kahle wokuvimbela ukulinyazwa kwesithombo nge-nodule weevil ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala kunconywa ukuthi kwehliswe imizuzu embalwa kusisombululo esifudumele sendlela elandelayo:
- amanzi - 1 l;
- i-boric acid engu-0,2 g;
- ammonium molybdenum acid - 0.5-1 g.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu yobhontshisi emhlabathini ovulekile, izindlela ezifanayo zokwelashwa kwazo ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa zenziwa njengalapho kutshalwa izithombo: ukulinganisa, ukubulala amagciwane, ukuthambisa
Izici namaphethini wokutshala wama-curly kanye nama-bush bush
Lapho betshala ukhula ubhontshisi, banikeza ukusekela kwezitshalo ngokushesha. Izakhiwo eziyikhulu esizeni, ezinjengothango, udonga lwendlu noma isigaxa, i-gazebo, njll zingasebenza njengosizo.
Uma uhlela ukutshala umbhede ohlukile, ke ukuhlinzeka nge-trellis ekhethekile. Kulokhu, kufakelwa izixhasi ezimbili ezinokuphakama okungamamitha ayi-1.5-2 emaphethelweni emibhede bese kudonswa intambo noma iwela phakathi kwazo. Ubhontshisi ungatshalwa ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-trellis. Ama-Aseles ubhontshisi ama-curly abhalwe okungenani ama-50 cm, ezitshalweni izitshalo zitshalwe kude nge-20-25 cm.
Ukukhulisa ubhontshisi onamajika, setha i-trellis ngesimo sezisekeli, phakathi kwazo lapho kudluliswa khona ucingo noma i-twine
Ubhontshisi wama-curly nawo angadlekwa. Ngalesi simo sokutshala, kufakwa isigxobo sokhuni, lapho ubhontshisi uzobamba khona kalula, futhi kutshalwe izitshalo ezinhlanu ezizungezile.
Uma unamathisela izintambo ngaphezulu kwesigxobo esiqhutshwa futhi uzilungisa emhlabathini isiyingi, amahlumela obhontshisi azothusa lesi sakhiwo futhi uzothola umquba lapho izingane zingadlala khona. Uhlobo lwesibili lwendlu ukuxhaswa kwesimo se-pyramidal esenziwe ngezinduku ezinamathele emngceleni wesiyingi futhi kuxhunywe ngocingo kusuka phezulu.
Kungenzeka ukwakha ukwesekwa kukabhontshisi owakheke nge-pyramidal ngendlela yendlu
Amabhontshisi ama-Bush atshalwe kude ngo-15-20 cm ngokuhlukaniswa imigqa ka-40 cm. Kungenzeka ukufaka ukufaka ukutshala okuncane noma ukuhlela izitshalo ngephethini yokuhlola, kepha noma kunjalo akunakufiseleka ukutshala imigqa engaphezu kwemine embhedeni owodwa. I-Shrub Bean ilungele ukukhula ngoba ayidingi ukuxhaswa.
Ividiyo: ungayifaka kanjani ukusekelwa kwe-pyramidal kabhontshisi curly
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imibhede imakwa ngokuya ngohlobo lukabhontshisi. Amabhontshisi ama-Curly adinga igumbi elincane lokuthuthuka okugcwele kunesihlahla. Uvame ukuba nezithelo eziphakeme.
Emhlabathini othambile, ukujula kokuhlwanyela kungama-4-5 cm, kunhlabathi elula - isentimitha ngokujulile. Imibhede enezithombo ezihlwanyelwe kudingeka iniselwe, inhlabathi kufanele ihlanganiswe ngemuva kwe-rake futhi ihlanganiswe kancane nge-humus noma umhlabathi omile nje.
Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7. Zibekelwe ubusuku ukuze zivikeleke kubanda sezulu. Izithombo ezihlumile ziyahlungwa ukuze zizinze ziqine ngokwengeziwe.
Ividiyo: Ukuhlwanyela ubhontshisi enhlanyelweni evulekile yomhlabathi
Izindlela zokutshala ubhontshisi
Lapho uhlwanyela ubhontshisi, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili: ezejwayelekile netheyipu. Zombili lezi zinto zibanzi futhi zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngabalimi.
Ukuhlwanyela okujwayelekile
Kubhekwa njengendlela elula futhi ejwayelekile yokutshala ubhontshisi, lapho izitshalo zihlelwe khona umugqa owodwa (umugqa) ebangeni elincane ukusuka komunye nomunye ngezindlela ezibanzi. Kumabhontjisi, isilinganiso somugqa singama-50 cm kanti isikhala somugqa singama-25 cm. Ngokuhlwanyela okujwayelekile, kutholakala indawo enkulu yokudla okunempilo kunendlela yethiphu. Kodwa-ke, ukutshala kwabantu kuyancipha, ngakho-ke le ndlela kungcono ukuyisebenzisa lapho kunesikhala esanele semibhede.
Ngendlela ejwayelekile yokuhlwanyela imbewu itshalwe ibangana elincane ngokulandelana bese ishiya imigwaqo ebanzi
Indlela yetape
Ngokuhlwanyela ngetheyipu (umugqa ohlukahlukene), imigqa emibili noma emithathu (imigqa) ihlangana futhi yakhe iribhoni. Ngenombolo yemigqa esetheyipini, izilimo zibizwa ngokuthi ulayini ababili noma abathathu. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo emgqeni lihlala lifana ngokuhlwanyela okujwayelekile, kanti ukuhlukaniswa komugqa phakathi kwezimbambo kukhuphuke kufike kuma-60-70 cm.Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa ku-ribbon lingu-25 cm. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwekhanda kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ngokwezimali ukhula oluningi lomswakama kanye nezakhi zomzimba, kanye nokulwa nokhula ngempumelelo.
Ngendlela yethiphu, imigqa emibili noma emithathu ihlangana futhi yakha izimbambo, phakathi kwayo imigqa ebanzi imakwe
Izici zokutshala ubhontshisi mung
Isiko likabhontshisi we-mash (mung) livela eNdiya futhi libhebhetheka endaweni engezansi yezakhiwo. Unamabhontela amade anambitha njengamabhontjisi anambitheka kancane okunempilo. Njengoba i-mung bean isitshalo eseningizimu, idinga izinga lokushisa lomoya okungenani lama-30-35 ° C isizini yonke. Izinhlobo ezikhona zamelana nokubanda nazo zikhula ezindaweni ezipholile kakhulu, kepha isivuno sezitshalo kuleli cala siyancishiswa.
IMash bean isitshalo eseningizimu, ukuze ikhule ngokuphelele idinga ukushisa komoya okungu-30-35 ° C
Indawo ikhethiwe ilanga, efudumele kahle, njengamabhontjisi ajwayelekile. Inhlabathi kumele ilula kakhulu, ixege, ingene emoyeni futhi ingene emanzini ngokwenzeka ekungathathi hlangothi. Kusukela ekwindla, ukulungiselela kuqukethe ukusabalalisa umlotha wezinkuni phezu kwendawo nokunisela. Entwasahlobo, masinyane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi iyambiwa bese ihlwaywa ngokucophelela.
Inketho enhle kungaba ukulima umhlaba usebenzisa ugandaganda wokuhamba ngemuva, owukhulula, njengefluff.
Hlwanyela ubhontshisi udinga inhlabathi, efudumele kuze kube ngu-15 ° C. Isikhala somugqa singasuka ku-45 siye ku-70 cm, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo zilandelana zingama-20-40 cm. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-mung bean isitshalo esikhula njalo, izinhlobo zayo ezinde zifuna i-garter.
Imbewu isondele ekujuleni kuka-3-4 cm. UMash unephunga lomhlabathi nomswakama womoya, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwembewu. Ngakho-ke, izilimo ziniselwa ngokweqile futhi zigcina inhlabathi inomswakama, kodwa ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi. Imbewu ikhula kancane, izithombo ziyavela ngezinsuku eziyi-10-12.
Ukuhambelana nobhontshisi nezinye izitshalo lapho kutshalwa
Kukhona izitshalo eziningi ongatyala ngazo ubhontshisi eduze. Kuyajabulisa ukuba nama-radish, ummbila, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ukhukhamba, amazambane, utamatisi, amabhungane, isipinashi nazo zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi. Kumakhelwane nalezi amasiko, kushukunyiswa mutual. Futhi futhi ukuhambisana okuhle kubhekwa nge-izaqathe, ama-radish, ukhukhamba, ithanga, ulethisi kanye ne-sitrobheni.
Ubhontshisi uhlangana kahle namasiko amaningi
Zimbalwa kakhulu izilimo ezingafuneki ubhontshisi. Akunconywa ukutshala ubhontshisi eduze kwe-anyanisi, ugarliki, fennel nethanga.
Ngemuva kwalokho ungatshala ubhontshisi
Ukuthobela imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo kubalulekile ekukhuleni noma yisiphi isivuno, kubandakanya ubhontshisi. Kunconywa ukuyitshala ngemuva kwamakhukhamba, utamatisi, amazambane, iklabishi, izaqathe, ama-sitrobheli, ama-beet, ama-radishes, ummbila, upelepele obabayo noswidi.
Abanduleli abangalungile baleli siko bangabizwa kakhulu. Kuzoba ngamathanga, ubhontshisi, udali, ubhontshisi, amantongomane. Futhi futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukhule ubhontshisi ophindaphindwe endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engu-3-4.
Inqubo yokutshala ubhontshisi ilula, izoqondakala futhi ifinyeleleke ngisho nakumlimi we-novice. Futhi unolwazi futhi futhi wazi kakhudlwana ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka yonke imibandela nemithetho lapho utshala isivuno - lokhu kuyisihluthulelo ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele nokukhiqizweni kwezitshalo. Akunzima ukufeza izidingo, futhi ubhontshisi uzokujabulisa iso ngamabhishi awo okuhlobisa futhi uwabonga ngesivuno esihle.
