I-House havortia iyinkimbinkimbi ehlala njalo ehlotshaniswa njalo ehlaza okwesibhakabhaka emndenini wase-Asphodelov, ehluke kwabanye ebusweni bayo beqabunga elingajwayelekile. Indawo yokuzalwa kuyo imbali yiNingizimu Afrika. Izitshalo eziningi kuleli zwe ngandlela-thile zingaba yingozi, ngakho-ke abanye abantu, okokuqala, bayazibuza: "I-Haworthia: enobuthi noma cha?". Eqinisweni, le mbali iqukethe ubuthi obunobuthi emanzini, kodwa ukuhlushwa kwabo akubalulekile futhi ngeke kulimaze impilo nokuphila komuntu.
Uyazi? U-Haworthia waqamba igama layo ngokuhlonipha usosayensi-umcwaningi u-Adrian Haworth, owazinikela ekutadisheni umhlaba wezitshalo ezishisayo nama-subtropics ase-Afrika.Izimo zemvelo zokukhula kwe-havortiya yi-stony eyomile nemithambeko enesihlabathi, lapho isitshalo sigcina khona ngobuciko ngaphansi kwezihlahla nezihlahla. Esikhathini esitshalweni, ama-havortia ayamangaza futhi athokoza yonke into: ukuthi ibhula kanjani, kubonakala kanjani, ukuthi kuyini ukunakekelwa okudingayo. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi ukuthandwa kwalesi simbali kuhle futhi kukhula njalo. Kodwa akufanele uncike ekutheni i-havortia izokhula ngokwayo, ngoba ngisho nakuyo, kubalulekile ukudala izimo ezifanele endlini.
Yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo ze-havortiya endlini
Kanye nokungahloniphi kwesitshalo ezimweni ezikhulayo zemvelo, ukuze sizivumelanise ne-havortiya esifundeni sethu nasezindaweni zethu zokulima, kubalulekile ukudala ubuncane bokuphila kwezimo zokuphila. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bakhuthaza kakhulu ukuba banakekele ngokukhethekile, ngaphezu kwakho konke, endaweni yesitshalo endlini, ukukhetha ukukhanya nokushisa.
Indawo nokukhanyisa
Okokuqala kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezimweni ezikhulayo zemvelo isitshalo sikhetha ukufihla ilanga eliqondile. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ngaphansi kwethonya elangeni elikhanyayo, elishisayo emagqabeni ngokuvamile kuvame ukushisa (izindawo ezibomvu), futhi liqala ukuma. 
Ohlangothini olusentshonalanga noma empumalanga yekamelo, lapho kunesilinganiso esanele sokukhanya okuhamba phambili, kufaneleka kakhulu. Ukuzikhethela ekuthandeni kwefasitela ngakwesenyakatho ngeke kwenzeke ukukhanyisa okudingekayo, yingakho le gumbi legumbi lizophuza ukukhula kwalo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukukhetha okungalungile indawo futhi ukukhanyisa, ngokuvamile, kuyimpendulo yombuzo ongapheli: "Kungani i-havortia ingakhuli?".
Izimo zokushisa
Lesi sitshalo singakwazi ukubekezelela ukushisa okuphezulu kalula ekamelweni, kodwa akufanele uligcine emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-25 ° C. Kuyindlela yokushisa ejwayelekile, ehlala njalo enethonya elihle ekukhuleni kwembali futhi kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-havortia isabela ngokushesha ekukhuphukeni kokushisa ngokunciphisa ukukhula (ukuze kusindiswe amandla, amanzi kanye nezakhi ezikhona emhlabathini). 
Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, okungukuthi, ubusika, isitshalo kufanele sinikezwe okuqukethwe okushisa kusuka ku-10 ° C kuya ku-15 ° C ngokumnyama okuncane.
Indlela yokunakekela i-havortiya ekhaya
Naphezu kokubukeka okumangalisayo futhi okungafani nakakhulu, akuyona into eyenza izitshalo zesifunda sethu, i-havortia ayinakuzithoba ngokweqile ezimweni zokukhula ekhaya, yingakho noma ubani, ngisho nomlimi we-amateur, angakhula kalula lobu buhle.
Njengalabo abanye izitshalo, Yebo, kufanele uqonde futhi ucabange zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances zokunakekela kahle i-havortia. 
Imithetho yokunisela
Ukuphuzisa ikhovartii kufanele kube okulinganayo nokucophelela. Ngakho-ke, ekushiseni okufanele emoyeni ekamelweni kukwanele ukuphuza imbali okungaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadli inhlabathi evundile, kodwa uyenze kancane.
Masinyane ngaphambi kokunisela, kunconywa ukuhlola nokuhlola inhlabathi - kumele ibe eyomile futhi ingenayo izibonakaliso zomonakalo ezifweni nasezinambuzane (ngokuvamile ngenxa yokunisela okungalungile).
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwekhaya okufanele kwezitshalo ezifana neNew Guinean Balsam, Nolina, Plumeria, Campanula, Echmea, Lavater, Ahimenes, Schefflera, Phytonium.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezimweni zemvelo zokukhula havortia uyakwazi ukukhuthazelela ngisho nesomiso eside kakhulu ngokuthula, kodwa ekhaya kungcono ukungalingi nalokhu futhi uchithe lesi sitshalo njalo.
Ebusika, i-havorti kufanele ivunyelwe ukuhlala ekushiseni kwe + 10 ... + 12 ° С, ukuphuza ngesikhathi esisodwa kungabi ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa ngenyanga. 
Umswakama womoya nomoya wokuphumula
Kule sitshalo, umswakama womoya awuyona into ecacile, ngoba i-herbicum ikhula kahle ngisho nalawo makamelo lapho umoya omile kakhulu. Kulesi simo, umswakama ngokweqile kufanele ugwenywe, ngoba yilezi zinto ezingalimaza kuphela i-havortiya, kodwa nanoma iyiphi enye imbali yangaphakathi.
Asikho isidingo sokugeza noma ukusihlanza isitshalo. Kungcono kakhulu ukubhekana nodaka emaqabunga ngendwangu elithambile, emanzini noma isiponji. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi kufanele agwenywe phakathi kwesifuba seqabunga noma i-flower rosette. 
Kubuye kudingeke ukuba umoya uphelele ngobumnene nangokwemvelo. 1-2 ukuqhuma ngeviki kuyanele ngokwanele, okuhlala kuze kufike emahoreni angu-1-2 (kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa ngaphandle, ukuba khona kwomoya nomthamo wekamelo). Kubalulekile ukuthi kube khona ama-drafts, futhi imbali ayimi ngqo ewindini elivulekile.
Kubalulekile! Kanye nokungahloniphi kwesitshalo, ukuphulwa njalo kwemithetho nezincomo mayelana nemibandela yokugcinwa kwayo, kungaba yingozi kuye. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi i-havorti iyanele ukunisela kancane, emoyeni nasekutshaleni.
Umanyolo
Umanyolo havortiya unconywa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwesitshalo, okusho ukuthi, kusukela ngo-Mashi kuya ku-Okthoba.
Njengendlela eyinhloko yokondla, kungcono ukusebenzisa imifino eyinkimbinkimbi yezimpande ezinomsoco ezisekelwe emaminerali.
Izitshalo kufanele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi esisodwa ngokunisela, kodwa hhayi kaningi ngaphezu kwenyanga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-havortia ithanda inhlabathi elinganiselayo, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokudla ngokweqile kwezakhi. 
Ngenkathi yesikhathi eside sesitshalo, umquba kufanele ulahlwe.
Isikhathi sokuphumula
Ebusika, i-havortia, njengeningi lama-succulents, liwela esikhathini esithile sokuphumula. Zonke izinqubo zokuphila zalesi sitshalo zinciphisa kakhulu, yingakho ukunakekelwa kufanele kube okukhethekile.
Okokuqala, ngalesi sikhathi, umvuthwandaba wokunisela kufanele unciphise izikhathi ezingu-1 ngenyanga futhi, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, wenqaba ukuphakela. Kunconywa ukuba i-Haworthia ekuphumuleni ibekwe endaweni epholile ebumnyameni ngokushisa kwomoya okungu-10 ... + 15 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Uma ubusika kusele ekamelweni lokushisa kwama-20 ° C nangaphezulu, kuzoshiya isimo sokuphumula futhi siqhubeke sikhula, kodwa ngenxa yokukhanya okungokwemvelo okwanele, amaqabunga e-havortiya azokhula kancane futhi alahlekelwe ukubukeka kwawo okuhlobisa.
Imithetho yokuguqula: izidingo zomhlabathi kanye nobumbi
Ukuguqulwa kwe-havortiya, njenganoma imuphi omunye imbali, kuyindlela ephoqelekile edinga ukunakwa okukhethekile nesimo sengqondo sokuhlonipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakelwa kwalesi sitshalo kunezici eziningana ezikhuthazwa ukuba zibhekelele abavuni bezimbali ezihlangene.
Ngakho-ke, iyiphi inhlabathi i-havortia ethanda futhi engayifaka kanjani imbali? Ake sibone. 
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo kuhle kakhulu okwenziwe entwasahlobo, lapho i-havortia inamandla ngokwanele futhi ibekezelela kalula izinguquko ezimweni naseqophelweni lomhlabathi.
Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukufakelwa kabusha ukucindezeleka kwembali, ngakho-ke, kuvame ukuthi, imifino isetshenzisiwe, ibhodlela layo seliyinto encane kakhulu (imbali ibekezelela kalula uhlazo oluthile ngesayizi, kodwa ngokuntuleka kwendawo isikhala ngokushesha).
Uma ukhetha isitsha sokutshala, kungcono ukunikeza okuthandayo ebanzi, kodwa hhayi ebhodini elingajulile elinamanzi aphezulu aphezulu phansi.
Uyazi? Ngokusekelwe ekutshalweni kwesikhathi eside kwalesi sitshalo, abalimi abanolwazi baye baphetha ngokuthi i-havortii ifaneleka kakhulu ebhodweni elizungezile kunekwele eyodwa.I-substrate ye-havortiya yenziwa kusukela kubumba-sod kanye ne-leaf land, kanye nesihlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe batusa ukungeza inani elincane lamatafula ezitini emhlabathini.
Ngenxa yokuthi izitini zithatha umswakama obuningi futhi zandisa kakhulu i-porosity yenhlabathi, ukusungulwa kwezitini ezinamafutha kukuvumela ukuba ulungise okuqukethwe komswakama we-substrate. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlushwa kwezakhi zomhlabathi kunciphisa, yingakho ochwepheshe batusa ukwenza izithako ezimbiwa ngamaminerali. 
Uma u-transplanting, kuhle ukuba ubeke imifino yamanzi phansi kwembiza, ugcwalise nge-substrate elungiselelwe evela phezulu. Imbali enobuthi kufanele ihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nokukhula kwesimiso.
Uzoba nesithakazelo sokufunda ngemithetho yokufakelwa ezinye izitshalo, njenge-orchid, i-chrysanthemum, i-cactus, i-garden fern, i-crocus ekwindla, ibhalsamu.I-Havortia kufanele igcwale inhlabathi ezingeni eliphakeme lezimpande, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okunokwethenjelwa nokufinyelela okulula kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela.
Ngemuva kokunisela kokuqala, ukuguqulwa nokuhlanganiswa kwembali emhlabathini, kuyisifiso sokwengeza amamentimitha ambalwa we-substrate ebhodweni.
Kubalulekile! Inqubo yokutshala kabusha kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo sezinsizi zembali, kuzo zonke izindlela ezikuvikelayo. Noma yikuphi ukulimala ezimpandeni esikhathini esizayo ngeke kuholele kuphela ezifweni, kodwa futhi ekubhujisweni okuphelele kwe-havortiya.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Ngokwemvelo yayo, i-havortia inamandla kakhulu futhi iyamelana nezifo ezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa empeleni, ngaphansi kwezimo zokondliwa kwekhaya, imbali, noma kunjalo, ihlaselwa ngezifo nezinambuzane ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zalesi sitshalo zihlanganisa i-aphid ne-cherry mealy. Ukuze ubabone, kwanele ukuhlola ukuhlola okubonakala njalo kwesihlahla ukuze kube khona umonakalo kanye nokuguqulwa (okuvame ukuqhutshwa ngesikhathi sokuchelela). Phezu kwezinambuzane zezimbali zingena emoyeni ovulekile noma enhlabathini.
Uma kwenzeka ukutholakala kwezinambuzane, kufanele uqale ukulwa nawo, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizofa ngokushesha. Njengama-agent agciniwe, avunyelwe ukusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa okuthengiwe noma ingxube eyakhelwe ngokuzimela yensiphu, i-garlic egayiwe kanye namanzi (axutshwe ngokulinganisela okulinganayo). Kudingeka ukusingatha yonke indawo yamaqabunga.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapho izinambuzane zitholwa, kubalulekile ukucubungula amaqabunga ama-1 nje kuphela, kodwa yonke isitshalo. 
I-Haworthia imane ibekezelele lesi sifo. Ukwenza lokhu, yondla imbali bese uyibeka endaweni efudumele, ekhanyayo ngaphandle kwemidwebo. Ungenza ukwelashwa okuvimbela izitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzane.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza lokhu ngezindlela ezikhethekile namalungiselelo, kodwa hhayi kaningi ngaphezu kwenyanga, ngoba amakhemikhali angakwazi ukubuthelela enhlabathini futhi abhubhise imbali.
Yazi kahle amalungiselelo nezindlela ezisetshenziselwa ezinye izitshalo: "Biohumus", "Fundazol", "Heteroauxin", "Etamon", "Quadris", "Hom", i- "Alirin B", "Ovary", "Kornevin", " Bi-58 "," Chunky "," Gamair "," Energen "," I-Topaz ".
Izindlela zokuzalisa havortiya
Kunezindlela eziningana zokusakazwa kwe-flower havortia: ukukhiqizwa nge-cuttings nokusabalalisa ngembewu. Ngamunye wabo unezici zakhe siqu, okufanele uzicabangele ngokuqinisekile ukuze usakaze kalula futhi kalula lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-havortiya ngokuhlanganiswa
Uyazi? Ngenxa yokusebenza okulula nokusebenza kahle kwendlela, ukukhiqizwa kwembali nge-cuttings kungabhekwa njengeyona eyinhloko manje. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kuvame ukutshala okuningi kwe-havortiya.Uma izihlahla ezinqunyiwe sezivele zineziqephu ezingu-2-3, kodwa azikho uhlelo lwempande, ukusika kumele kuphathwe ngomlotha kanye / noma indlela yokusheshisa ukukhula kwezimpande, bese woma izinsuku eziningana. Ngakho wathola izithombo zingatshala ngokuphepha enhlabathini emanzi noma ngqo emhlabathini. Ubuchwepheshe obufanayo busetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amaqabunga amaqabunga: ngemuva kokomisa emoyeni, ukusika kungcwatshwa emhlabathini owomileyo ngaphambi kokusungulwa kohlelo lwempande, emva kwalokho i-havortia ingasetshala ngokuphepha emhlabathini.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezimpande, kubalulekile ukushiya ukuchelela okunengi kwenhlabathi, okulinganiselwe kuphela ukufafaza ngezikhathi ezithile emhlabathini ngenani elincane lamanzi. Ukusabalalisa ngokuhlanganiswa kungcono kakhulu entwasahlobo, lapho imbali ibekezela kalula izinguquko, noma inqubo yokuyifakelwa.
Kubalulekile! Phakathi nenkathi yokwakheka kohlelo lwempande, kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile ukumboza isitsha esinama-glass nge-ingilazi noma ifilimu (kunconywa ukuphindaphinda kwembewu), ngoba izimpande ezenziwe kahle zingase zivele zibole.
- Izithombo zokukhiqiza havortiya
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukutshala inhlabathi kusengaphambili, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhluma ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele (ukuchelela kanye nokukhululeka), ukuvikelwa ezinambuzane kanye nokhula. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ngenxa yemvelo yesitshalo (ukuhluma okuphansi), ukusabalalisa kwayo ngenzalo, kanengi kunzima futhi kungathatha isikhathi esiningi, ngakho-ke kuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Ekhaya, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuzalisa indlela yokuqala ye-havortiyu.
Sihlanganyela nawe izinselele zokukhiqiza ezinye izitshalo: intaba yomswakama obomvu, i-zamiokulkas, izithelo zentaba emnyama, i-dieffenbachia, i-heather, izakhamuzi, i-physalis, i-clematis.I-Haworthia isitshalo esimangalisayo esikhula kahle ekhaya. Ukuze imbali ijabulele ubuhle bayo nokuqala kwayo isikhathi eside, kwanele nje ukudala izimo ezincane ezidingekayo zokugcinwa nokuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, akumangalisi neze ukuthi kamuva i-havortia iye yatholwa ngokwengeziwe emakhaya nasemaphandleni abantu abafuna ukuletha ukunambitheka nokuhlukahluka kwabo ngaphakathi.
