Sekuphele isikhathi eside ama-raspberry asuka ehlathini aya ezindlini zawo zasehlobo. Abalimi bayayikhulisa ngempumelelo, futhi abafuyi bezitshalo bahlala benwebisa ibanga. Ukwakha izinhlobo ezintsha, azami ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kuphela, kepha nezinye izici ezandisa indawo yokulima kwesitshalo. I-meteor ingenye yezinhlobo ezi-raspberry ezidalwe ososayensi baseRussia imigwaqo ephakathi nendawo enyakatho, okuyinto ethakazelisa kakhulu abalimi nabalimi kulezi zifunda.
Umlando okhulayo
I-meteor ukuphumelela kwabafuyi baseRussia abafuqeshi besiKokinsky se-All-Russian Institute of Horticulture and Nursery. Ngaphansi kobuholi be-I.V. Kazakov, enye yezinhlobo zakudala zaseRussia uNovosti Kuzmin wawela ne-raspberry yaseBulgaria uKostinbrodskaya. Bobabili laba "bazali" bade ngezici zabo futhi bavuthwa ngokuya ngokomqondo ngokuvuthwa, kepha lo "nzalo" waba mude futhi mncane kakhulu.
Kusukela ngo-1979, okwakukhona okusha ekuhlolweni okuhlukahlukene kwezwe kwathi ngonyaka we-1993 kwafakwa uHlelo Lokubhaliswa Kokukhethwa Kwezwe Lase Russian Federation ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, Central, Volga-Vyatka, Central Black Earth naseMiddle Volga.
Incazelo nezimpawu zama-raspberries Meteor
Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambilini kuyisici esiyinhloko sezinhlobonhlobo. Kuyathandwa emendweni ophakathi naphakathi nasezintabeni ezisenyakatho, lapho ukhula lwakuqala lubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuvunwa kuqala ukuvunwa engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni, futhi esimweni sezulu esifudumele ungakwenza lokhu kakade ekuqaleni kwenyanga. I-Raspberry Meteor ijwayelekile, hhayi ukuzisola, kepha ngehlobo elide nelifudumele ngo-Agasti, izimbali nama-ovary zingakheka amahlumela wonyaka.
Amakati aphakathi nendawo, abhebhetheka kancane (afinyelela kumamitha amabili) aneziqu ezinamandla, ezihleliwe ezinophahla oluncane lwe-waxy nesihloko sokudonsela phezulu. Kukhona ameva ambalwa kakhulu, mancane, mancane futhi ngamafushane. Izitshalo zinekhono lokukwakha ihlumela elivamile, zikhula zingama-20-25 ngemitha ngayinye.
Ama-raspberry bush Amaphakathi aphakathi nendawo, asabalalisa kancane, amahlumela angama-20-25 akhula ngemitha ngayinye
Izithelo zobukhulu obuphakathi (isisindo esingu-2.3-3.0 amagremu) ukuma okwenziwe ngumbala onomphetho omfushane. Umbala ubomvu; lapho uvuthwe ngokuphelele, kuvela i-ruby hue. Amajikijolo asuswa kahle esihlahleni futhi agcinwa ngesikhathi sokuvuna nokuhamba ngenxa yedrupe enamathele ngokuqinile.
Ama-raspberry amajikijolo ama-Meteor ngobuwula obucacile, anesisindo esingu-2.3 -3 amagremu, lapho evuthwa umbala obomvu-ruby
Inhloso yokusebenzisa yindawo yonke, ukunambitheka kuyinto dessert. Okuqukethwe ushukela - 8.2%, acidity - 1.1%. Uma usebenzisa izithelo ukucubungula, imikhiqizo (ukulondolozwa, ama-jams, ama-compotes, ukugcwaliswa, njll.) Zisezingeni eliphakeme. Amajikijolo nawo afanelekile ukuqhwa.
Ukukhiqiza - 50-70 kg / ha, ngobuchwepheshe obuhle bezolimo bungafinyelela ku-110 kg / ha. Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungaqoqa kuze kufike kumakhilogremu amabili emikhiqizo. Ukubuya kwesivuno kunobungani.
Ukuqina kwezitshalo zasebusika kuphakeme, okunikeza inani elikhethekile elihlukahlukene lapho likhule ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo nasenyakatho. Ukubekezelela isomiso kuyisilinganiso. Ukungavikeleki kwezifo ezinkulu zokukhunta kuphezulu. Ukuqina kokukhula, amabala ansomi, izimbuzane zesicabucabu kanye nokudubula amahlumela kuyaphawulwa.
Ividiyo: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-raspberry okuhlukahlukene
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi
I-Raspberry Meteor inezinzuzo eziningi:
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- Iziqu ezinamandla ezingamelana nalutho:
- ubuncane benombolo yama-spikes amancane athambile ezihlahleni;
- ukuthutha okuphezulu;
- ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kwama-dessert wezithelo, inhloso yazo yendawo yonke (kusetshenziswe okusha, okulungele ukucubungulwa kanye neqhwa);
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu (kukhuphuka ngobuchwepheshe obuhle bezolimo);
- ukuqina kobusika obukhulu;
- ukumelana nezifo zokukhunta.
Okubi kukhona futhi, kepha kuncane kakhulu:
- ukubekezelela isomiso esiphansi;
- ngesivuno esikhulu singadinga ama-garters kusekela;
- ukuthambekele ekubukeni amabala onsomi nokukhula, kungonakalisi ukulimazwa yizicabucabu futhi kudubule amabululu enyongo.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezinhle zezinhlobonhlobo, abalimi balungele ukubhekana nobubi bayo obuncane, obungagxili futhi obususwayo ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo.
Izici zokukhula raspberries Meteor
Ungathola isivuno esihle sezilimo ngokunakekelwa okujwayelekile. IMeteor inezici ezimbalwa zobuchwepheshe bezolimo, kepha lapho ikhula kungcono ukuyicabangela ukuze ikhuphule umkhiqizo.
Ukufakelwa
Izimo zokukhula kwezinga eliphakeme zijwayelekile:
- indawo evulekile nenokhanyayo;
- inhlabathi ene-acidity ephezulu ayinconywa;
- kukhethwa izivalo ezivundile;
- ayikhuli ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi;
- ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-organic ngaphambi kokutshala.
Isikimu sokutshala sisetshenziswa njengenjwayelo yezinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo ezinde zalesi sitshalo: isihlahla (1-1,5 wamamitha phakathi kwezihlahla, sisetshenziselwa ukutshala okukodwa) neteyipu (30-50x2-2.5 m). Ingxube ye-humus noma i-compost enomanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus yengezwa emigodini ebilungiselelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ebala u-40x40x40. Ungatshala entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Ukunakekelwa
Kuyadingeka ukususa njalo ihlumela lezimpande, ulinqume ngefosholo emhlabathini ekujuleni kuka-3-5 cm. Kusuka enkabeni yesihlahla ama-10-12 ama-ponts esikhundleni sawo kukhula minyaka yonke. Entwasahlobo, shiya isihlahla esingu-6-7 esihlahleni ngasinye bese usifinyeza ngamasentimitha angama-25-30. Naphezu kwamandla amahlumela aqondile, lapho isivuno sesivuthiwe, singakwazi ukwehla, ngakho-ke i-garter to the trellis iyadingeka.
Ama-meteor raspberry amahlumela ajwayelekile, ashiya iziqu eziyi-6-7 esihlahleni ngasinye, azibophele ku-trellis
Njengoba ukumelana okunganele kokomile komoya nomhlabathi kumenyezelwe, ukuthambisa kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungawudli ngokweqile. Ukwehla okwandayo ngeke kusizakale izitshalo. Umswakama uyadingeka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwezithelo nokugcwaliswa. Ngemuva kokunisela, kunconyelwa ukuba mulch inhlabathi ngezinto eziphilayo ukuze silondoloze umswakama.
Ukunisela kuhlangene kahle nokugqoka okuphezulu. Ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kwezinso, zidla ukudla okokuqala, bese ziphinda futhi kabili ngokunqunyelwa kwamasonto amabili. Isidingo esiphakeme kakhulu sezitshalo ku-nitrogen. Ukondla ngomanyolo we-liquid organic kusebenza kakhulu; uma zingekho, kusetshenziswa umanyolo wamaminerali. Izinketho ezilandelayo zokwakheka kwengxube yezakhi kanye nomthamo wazo kungenzeka:
- Ilitha eyi-1 ye-bird droppings infusion ngamalitha angama-20 amanzi (amalitha ama-3-5 ngemitha elilodwa lesikwere);
- 1 ilitha lokufakwa umquba wenkomo ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi (amalitha ama-3-5 ngemitha elilodwa lesikwere);
- I-30 g ye-urea nge-10 amalitha amanzi (amalitha ayi-1-1,5 ngesihlahla ngasinye).
Uma kwenziwa umanyolo we-potassium ne-phosphorus ngesikhathi sokutshala, khona-ke emva kwalokho kusetshenziswa yonke iminyaka emithathu.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ingozi yezithelo ezincishisiwe idala ukungazinzi kwama-raspberries Meteor kwezinye izifo nezinambuzane. Udinga ukubazi kangcono ukuze ulungele ukuvikela izitshalo.
Ukubuka amabala okuyiphutha
Kumahlumela waminyaka yonke ngaphansi kwephuzu lokunamathiselwa kwethanga leqabunga, kuvela amabala ansomi. Ama-petioles, amaqabunga namahlumela ezithelo athinteka yi-necrosis. Lesi sifo siholela ekufeni kwezitho ezithintekile. Umenzeli obangela lesi sifo ngu-Didymella applanata Sacc., Ngakho-ke lesi sifo singabizwa nangokuthi yi-didimella.
Ukuvela kwamabala ansomi ezitshalweni ze-raspberry kuwuphawu lokuqala lokutheleleka ngebala elinsomi (didimella)
Ukuze uvimbele, babhubhisa imfucumfucu yesitshalo eyonakele, bahlinzeke umoya omncane wokutshala, futhi bavikele nokukhukhumala ngokweqile. Izindlela zabo zamakhemikhali zisebenza nge-fafaza nge-1% ye-Bordeaux fluid kuze kube yilapho zivuleka. Ngemuva kwalokho ziphathwa ekuqaleni kokukhula kwehlumela (ekuphakameni okufika ku-20 cm), ngaphambi kokuqhakaza futhi ngokushesha emva kokuqhakaza nge-chloroxide yethusi (3-4 g nge-1 litre lamanzi) noma uketshezi lweBordeaux.
Ividiyo: Ukulwa ne-Purple Raspberry Spotting
Ihluma raspberries
Isifo esibangelwa amagciwane - cicadas. Iphinde ibe negama elijwayelekile elihlaza okusajingijolo noma umshanelo womthakathi. Ngokunqotshwa kwalesi sifo, esikhundleni sesiqu esinempilo eziningana, amahlumela amancanyana futhi amafushane anamaqabunga amancanyana akha amaqhubu aminyene akhula ngobuningi obukhulu ngesimo sezimpande amahlumela.
Lapho ama-raspberries akhula, inani elikhulu lamahlumela amancanyana nalawo amafushane ayakhula, akha izingcezwana eziminyene
Izindlela zokulwa naleli gciwane zivikela ngokwemvelo, ngoba namuhla azikho izidakamizwa ezingamisa lo mbumbulu. Izihlahla ezigulayo ziyachithwa. Ngokumelana nezinambuzane ezincelayo (abathwali begciwane), ama-insecticides aphathwa (Actellik, Akarin, Fitoverm nabanye). Khetha ngokucophelela izinto zokutshala.
Isikhala sesicabucabu
Ubukhulu balesi sinambuzane esiswelayo sincane kakhulu - sisuka ku-0,6 saya ku-1 mm. Ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kusizwa ngesimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo. Umkhaza uzinza ngaphansi kweqabunga bese uqala ukuncela ujusi kulo bese uluka iwebhu. Ngenxa yokutheleleka, kuvela amabala amhlophe emaqabungeni, ayoma bese awa. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, ukulahleka kwezitshalo kungafika ku-70%.
Isicabucabu sitha ujusi weqabunga kusuka kumaqabunga e-raspberry bese siwubopha ngewebhu
Ukuvimbela kubandakanya ukunisela okufika ngesikhathi esimweni sezulu esishisayo, ukubhujiswa kwamaqabunga nokhula oluthintekile, ukugaya inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla ukuze kunciphise inani labantu abalimazayo. Uma kwenzeka kulimale kakhulu i-spider mite kusuka kumakhemikhali wokulungiselela ukufafaza, ungasebenzisa iFufanon, i-Akreks, i-Actellik nezinye izinambuzane.
Aphunyuke Gallic
Izibungu ze-shoot gall midge amafomu okugcwala okucashile noma ukhula (amageyimu) ezindebeni ezi-raspberry, ihlumela libhujiswa ngaphakathi futhi liqhekeke ngaphandle, liba yisikhuhla lapho kulimale khona bese kuqhuma kalula. Ngaphakathi kwenyongo kukhona izibungu zezinambuzane, ezigcina ziphenduka umiyane ngenxa yomjikelezo wokuthuthuka. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kwakhiwa izizukulwane ngezizukulwane eziningana zezingane. Imvamisa, ukukhula okufakwayo ngezansi, hhayi kude nohlelo lwezimpande. Ukwephulwa kokugeleza kwe-sap kuholela ekufeni kwesibhamu esonakalisiwe.
Izibungu zempini ye-midge larva zingena esixekweni se-raspberry bese ziyicekela phansi ngaphakathi, zakha ukukhula kwendandatho (amageyimu)
Njengoba izibungu zitholakala ngaphakathi kokudubula, izindlela zamakhemikhali zokulawula i-midge gall azisebenzi. Isonto ngalinye, bahlola okusajingijolo, uma bethola amahlumela athintekile, banqunywa empandeni bese bashiswa. Ekwindla, bamba inhlabathi ijule, okufaka isandla ekubhujisweni kwezibungu. Bese uyigcoba ngesendlalelo esingange-15 cm okungenani, lokhu kubambezela ukukhishwa kwezinambuzane.
Ividiyo: okusajingijolo kushaywe ngesigaxa senyongo
Ukubuyekezwa
I-hussar yami kanye ne-meteor iyakhula. I-meteor ivuthwa ngempela ekuseni, ukunambitheka kumnandi, ngaphandle komdlandla. Ngayithenga ekuvuthweni kokuqala.
isiqubulo//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/124983/page-80
NgineMeteor yonyaka wesibili - izithelo zokuqala, namuhla bathathe amajikijolo ambalwa, amnandi kakhulu, kepha kuze kube manje amancane kakhulu. Owokuqala wazo zonke izinhlobo zami. Eminyakeni emibili edlule ngatshala izithombo ezintathu futhi namuhla zingamamitha amabili ehlathi eliqinile. Amahlumela akhula abe mude, futhi ngokubona izithelo sizokubona.
Ksenia95//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9990
NgineMeteor iminyaka emi-3, ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ze-raspberry, i-Semi-remontant, i-berry likhulu, limnandi futhi limuncu, isihlahla siphakeme futhi kufanele siboshwe.
IGenmin//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9990
Ngine "Meteor" okwamanje okuqala kwama-raspberry aqala ukuthela izithelo. Ukunambitheka kuhle ... kepha i-berry lincane kakhulu. Kuyiqiniso, lapho ekwindla okuhlala isikhathi eside nesihlahla kuqala ukulungisa, ama-berry ngesizathu esithile acishe abe amahlandla amabili kunesitshalo sasehlobo esikhulu. Ukugcwala ngokweqile kunika ulwandle. Mayelana nokuzala izithelo, uthethelelwa konke ukushiyeka kwakhe.
ILeva//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9990
Ngiphinde ngikhulise lezi zinhlobo zasehlobo futhi ngibe nemicabango yokufaka esikhundleni seMeteor neHussar ngenxa “yokugula” kweMeteor. Esimweni sami “esimanzi”, iMeteor yami ithinteka kakhulu ezifweni nasezikhunta, nginqume amahlumela ama-3/4 ngonyaka. Yize ngonyaka ka-2016, esuka embhedeni owodwa we-Meteor onomugqa owodwa ubude, waqoqa amalitha angama-23 ama-raspberry.
Tamara St. Petersburg//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=308&start=2340
Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi noma ngubani angaba nandaba nama-raspberry. Babheke phambili kuyo futhi bajabule lapho amabhushi embozwe ngamalambu abomvu. I-Raspberry Meteor imvamisa isizini, ngakho abalimi bayamthethelela amaphutha akhe amancane. Uma ukhula ezinhlobonhlobo, ucabangele izici zalo, ungathola isivuno esikhulu samajikijolo amnandi futhi amnandi ehlobo. Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuhlanganiswa nobusika obunzima busika kwenza iMeteor ibaluleke kakhulu kwisimo sezulu esipholile nesibandayo.
