Ukulimala okwesikhashana (noma ukubola okubomvu) yisifo esivame kakhulu semifino yemifino, kuhlanganise namazambane. I-agent ye causative yesifo yi-fungus. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kokugcina kwamazambane kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ezikhona ezisetshenziswa kule sifo.
Izimbangela zezambatho zamazambane eziphuzile
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwesibindi sokuphuza sezambatho sihambisana ne-pathogen ebizwa ngokuthi oomyceteokubhekisela ku-fungi ephansi. Isifo esibangelwa yiyo sikhula ngokushesha, ngoba isikhathi sokukhushulwa kwe-parasite sisuka ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-15.
Imithombo eyinhloko yalesi sifo yizinsalela zezitshalo zemifino kanye nomhlabathi, okwakungenwe yi-spores fungal.
Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo kufinyelela ku-25 ° C, kanti umswakama womoya u-90%. 
Ngokuvamile isifo sisakazeka lapho uhlwanyela imifino ensimini enkulu. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo ezinjalo zamazambane, njenge-"Anniversary of Zhukov", zinokuphikisana okuphezulu nokulimala kwekwephuzile.
Uyazi? Amazambane aqukethe amanzi angama-80%.
Izimpawu zokugula
Okuyinhloko izimpawu zokuqala izifo zibhekwa:
- amabala amnyama emaqabunga;
- izindawo ezimnyama ngeziqu;
- ukuqhakaza okumhlophe ngaphansi kwepheshana.
Uma ubona lezi zimpawu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungaba nesikhathi sokulondoloza amazambane amasha ngosizo lwamalungiselelo akhethekile wokulimala okwesikhashana.
Abalimi abamemezelayo cishe bayoba nesithakazelo sokufunda ngamasu ahlukene amazambane akhula: iDutch, ngaphansi komshini, ukutshala ebusika.
Esigabeni sesibili sesifo, okungukuthi, emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, amaqabunga aqala ukugoqa futhi aphume, futhi izindawo ezinzima zivela ezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Esigabeni sokugcina, lesi sitshalo sife noma silahlekelwa isethulo sayo noma ukunambitheka, noma siba engafanele ukuhamba, ukucubungula nokugcina. 
Izindlela ze-prophylactic zokulimala okuphelile
Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi ingadi yakho ivikelekile ngokwanele, kungcono ukuzivikela nokuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwamazambane kanye nezinye izitshalo zemifino kusukela ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zisetshenziswa ngokuqondile. ngaphambi kokufika. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ukuhlinzeka ngempahla yokutshala okunempilo bese ukhetha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokugula.
Kubalulekile futhi ukususa izinsalela kusukela endaweni yokufika yokudala, ngoba umhlaba omdala ungumthombo wesifo. Qinisekisa ukusekela ukujikeleza kwezitshalo ukugwema izinkinga ngezimpande zesikhathi esizayo.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukhetha isayithi lokutshala izindawo ezikhethiwe ezinomswakama ophansi.
Abanye balimi bayelulekwa ukuba bavune kusenesikhathi, kungcono kakhulu sezulu. Ngakho-ke izithelo eziqoqiwe zinconywa ukuba zibekwe endaweni eyomile ukuze zivuthwe. 
Musa ukutshala imifino eduze komunye nomunye. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sifo sikhula ngokushesha. Kungcono ukunamathela othile amabanga phakathi kwezitshalo zemifino. Futhi usebenzise i-hilling ukuvikela izilimo eziyizigaxa emonakalweni.
Ukulimala okwesikhashana - ukuhlasela, okuphazamisa amazambane kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izitshalo: utamatisi, i-pepper, ama-eggplant.
Uma uhluma izitshalo, akufanele ukuhlukumeze ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-nitrogen, njengoba lokhu, nakuba kukwandisa isivuno, kodwa kwandisa izinga lokutheleleka. Esikhundleni se-nitrogen, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-potassium noma ithusi.
Ukuphalaza futhi limelela ukukhetha okuhle kokuvikela. Ukucubungula okunjalo amazambane kusuka ekulimazeni kwasekupheleni kusetshenziswe kaningi, futhi izinhlelo zokuvikelwa zingahlukahluka: ungasebenzisa ubisi, i-garlic tincture, i-Trichopol, i-iodine, isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-copper sulfate noma i-tincture kwi-superphosphate.
Imikhiqizo yobisi yenza ifilimu evikela amahlamvu, okuvimbela ukutheleleka, i-iodine, i-superphosphate ne-vitriol exutshwe nomanyolo we-potassium akuhlinzeki nje kuphela ukuvikelwa, kodwa futhi nokudla ama-foliar.
I-Potato yokucubungula ukuvimbela nokulawula ukulimala okuphelile
Kunezixazululo eziningi zokwehla okukhatshana kwamazambane, asetshenziselwa lapho ukhunta luthinta kakhulu isiko semifino.
Abaningi bazama ukuzivikela ngokukhetha izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo zokutshala kanye nokukhawuleka okwesikhashana kwezitshalo zezimpande. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Kulesi simo, okokuqala udinga ukufuthola iziqongo nge-fungicide yesistimu.
Kubalulekile! Lapho lezi ziqongqo zifinyelela ukuphakama kwe-30 cm, ukufiphala kwenziwa.
Ngokuba sishaye sebenzisa eyodwa-iphesenti Bordeaux liquid noma sulfate yethusi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zitshalo ziphathwa nge-Ecosil noma i-Appin. Ukuze ukumelana nesifo kusebenzise "uSilk". 
Ngemuva kwezinyathelo eziphoqelelwe, emva kwamasonto ambalwa, imifino kufanele ilandwe nge-Ephal noma i-Ditan M-45 fungicides. Ngokunqotshwa okunamandla, sebenzisa i- "Ridomil Gold" noma "Oxy".
Ngemuva kokubhakabhaka, amazambane aphathwa ngezindlela "Bravo", futhi esiteji sokuvuthwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zisebenzisa "Alufit".
Uma ungafuni ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali, abanye abalimi bayelulekwa ukuba basebenzise izindlela zomuntu. Ubisi oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ngokufaka iodine noma 10% egijime.
Uyazi? Kunamamyuziyamu ambalwa amazambane emhlabeni.
Manje ukuthi uyazi ukuthi yikuphi ukulimaza amazambane, ukuthi kubonakala kanjani nokuthi uhlobo luni lwezokwelapha oludingayo ukuze unikezele ezimpandeni, ungaqala ngokuphepha ukulungisa imibhede yokutshala esikhathini esizayo.
