Amagilebhisi anomlando - uSaperavi: indlela yokutshala nokukhulisa izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezindala kakhulu

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi atshaliwe. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abahlolwa isikhathi futhi bathandwa ngabasebenza newayini abavela emazweni ahlukene. Isibonelo, amagilebhisi kaSaperavi, omlando wakhe ubuyela emuva iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili. Ukunakekela kulula impela, futhi ukuvuna esihlahleni kumnandi. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuzama ukudalwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha, uSaperavi ngeke akushiye phansi.

Umlando wamagilebhisi kaSaperavi

IGeorgia ibhekwa njengendawo yemvelaphi yamagilebhisi. Kukuleli lizwe lapho kukhula khona amabhele amnandi endle. Abantu bebelokhu betshala izitshalo zasendle isikhathi eside, ngakho izwe ligobisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-500 zamagilebhisi, eziningi zazo ezaziwa kabanzi.

IGeorgia ithathwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yamagilebhisi, akumangazi ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zewayini zale bheri zivela lapha.

USaperavi uthathwa njengonhlobo olufanele noludala kakhulu wamagilebhisi amnyama aseGeorgia. Usuku lokufakwa kwalo kwiRegional State luvela emuva kakhulu ngonyaka we-1959. Izifunda zokwamukelwa yiNorth Caucasus neLower Volga. Ekhaya, uKakheti uthathwa njengesizinda esikhulu sokukhula kukaSaperavi. Izimo ezifaneleke kakhulu zokutshala izinhlobo zezindawo yizindawo ezisezansi zoLwandle Olumnyama. Kepha ngaphezu komlando wayo omude, izinhlobonhlobo zinqobile abatshali beewayini abaningi, ngakho-ke uSaperavi ukhule e-Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Azzeran, Bulgaria, Moldova, eningizimu ye-Ukraine. Amagilebhisi kahle eCrimea, eStavropol naseKrasnodar Territories, naseDagestan. Ukulinyelwa maphakathi nethambeka, leli gilebhisi alifaneleki kakhulu ngenxa yokuvuthwa sekwephuzile.

Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zikaSaperavi zithathwa njengezidala kakhulu eGeorgia

USaperavi ubhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo eziphambili lapho kwenziwa khona amawayini abomvu ezweni lakubo. Ithebula lethebula elenziwe kuleligilebhisi libonakaliswa ngombala omnyama, isixha esicebile, ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nekhono elihle lokuguga. Ukunambitheka okungafani newayini kwembulwa ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4 yokugcina. Ungacabanga ukuthi isithelo sezimbali se-chic sizoba yini ewayinini endala? Ngemuva kwakho konke, ingagcinwa kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50. Phezu kwewayini le-varietal, elibizwa ngeSaperavi, amawayini amaningi aziwa kahle akhiqizwa ngokubamba iqhaza kwezinhlobonhlobo - i-Algeti, Kindzmarauli, Pirosmani (red), Mukuzani, njll.

ISaperavi isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ukuzalanisa izinhlobo ezintsha. Ukwenza isibonelo, eNovocherkassk ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe, iSaperavi Northern yatholakala. Futhi eCrimea, kuncike:

• URuby Magaracha;
• Bastardo Magarach;
• Jalita
• Okuningi.

URuby Magaracha ungenye yezinhlobo eziningi ezidalwe kusetshenziswa uSaperavi

Incazelo

Izithombo ziqhekekile futhi ziyahluma, amaqabunga amancane aphelele, ama-ovoid noma ama-ellipsoid, agxunyekwe egangeni. ISaperavi bush inokukhula okuphakathi. Amahlumela wonyaka anombala onsundu ngombala onsundu, izindawo azinsundu. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, amahlumela akhombisa iphesenti elihle lokuvuthwa - 85%. Cishe ama-70% alesi sithelo athela izithelo.

Amaqabunga adlula usayizi ojwayelekile, apendwe luhlaza. Ijamo liyindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi i-ovoid ngenxa ye-lobe ephakathi nendawo. Iqabunga leqabunga linama-lobes ama-3 kuye kwangama-5, kepha i-disgment ibuthakathaka noma icishe ayikho. Imiphetho yeshidi liphakanyiswa kancane. Ingaphezulu bushelelezi, kepha uhlangothi olungalungile lunobukhulu obukhulu, njenge-pubescence enjenge-web. Amaqabunga amancane aluhlaza okhanyayo nge-pink tinge encane. Zimboziwe nge-pubescence ezwa-ngathi. Ekwindla, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi abe umbala wombala we wayini.

Amaqabunga kaSaperavi ajikisa imibala yewayini ekwindla

Izimbali zihlala zimbili, ngakho-ke izithelo ziyavela ngisho ngaphandle kwama-pollinators. Amaqoqo awekho amakhulu kakhulu, anesisindo esingu-120 - 170 g. I-brashi ayikhululekile, kubantu abaphakathi. Ifomu lakhiwe ngumbala noma ligqinsiwe. Umlenze omfishane awuqinile.

Amajikijolo ayindilinga, aphakathi ngosayizi. Isisindo sisuka ku-0.9 kuya ku-1.4 g. Isikhumba sinciphile, kepha siqine. Ipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi imbozwe ngenhlanganisela ye-wax. I-pulp imnandi ukunambitheka, iyaqabula. Ubunzima ku-juiciness - kusuka ku-10 kg amajikijolo athola kuze kufinyelele kumalitha ayi-8.5 wejusi elinemibala kancane. Kukhona imbewu eyi-1 noma engu-2 ngaphakathi epulpiti. USaperavi ngokwempela usho "i-Dyer." Lokhu kusho ukuthi iqukethe izinto eziningi zokufaka imibala. Leli qiniso kufanele libhekwe lapho unambitha iwayini - umbala obomvu ngeke ufake izindebe kuphela, kodwa namazinyo.

Amaqoqo kaSaperavi mancane kodwa aminyene

Izici ezinhlobonhlobo zeSaperavi

Uhlobo ngalunye lunezimpawu zalo. KwaSaperavi bangene ngokulandelayo:

• izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokuqhakaza okukhulu kwezimbali namaqanda, okuyindlela ebalulekile;
• ama-berry hummocks (amajikijolo amancane angenzalo) angabhekwa;
• izinhlobonhlobo ziqongelela ushukela, kepha ngasikhathi sinye sinciphisa i-asidi. Ushukela uzobe uqukethe kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-20.1 g / 100 ml (kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike ku-26 g), i-acidity ingu-7.8 - 12.6 g / l.

Isici

1. USaperavi ungowezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa sekwephuzile - kudlula izinsuku ezingama-160 kusukela ekuqaleni kokuhluma kwefihlekile kuya ekuvuthweni okugcwele. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, amajikijolo avuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba-maphakathi no-Okthoba.
2. Amagilebhisi anika isivuno sawo sokuqala eneminyaka eyi-4. Izithelo ezikhiqiza kakhulu yimivini esefinyelele eminyakeni engu-15. Endaweni eyodwa, uSaperavi angakhula ngempumelelo iminyaka engama-25.
3. Ukukhiqiza akukubi - 90 kg / ha. Isithelo esihle kakhulu yi-110 c / ha, sikhombisa ezweni. Ukuthathwa kwaba minyaka yonke.
4. Ukumelana nesithwathwa yisilinganiso. Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela iqhwa lama-20 ° C, kepha ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kunomthelela olimazayo emehlweni ebusika.
5. Ukubekezelelwa kwesomiso okuhle kakhulu kuyaphawulwa. Uhlelo olunezimpande olunamandla kahle lunganikeza isihlahla esidala umswakama esidingekayo.
6. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonisa ukumelana okuphakathi kwezifo nezinambuzane. Amagilebhisi amelana kabi ne -oythi ne-oidium, uma lina izulu lingathinteka ngokubola okungwevu. Kepha phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo, uSaperavi uthinteka kancane ngokungeniswa yinqwaba yamagilebhisi.
7. USaperavi ungowezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe, okuyizinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinhle kakhulu zokwenziwa kwewayini. Kepha amagilebhisi avuthiwe kahle anambitha okuhle futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwendalo.

USaperavi uthathwa njengomunye wamabanga aphakeme wezobuchwepheshe.

Izinzuzo nokubi - itafula

Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, amajikijolo akwaSaperavi awabhuli esihlahleni isikhashana.

Izici Zokufika

Ukulandela nje imithetho yokutshala kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule isihlahla esinempilo nesithelayo samagilebhisi.

Ukukhetha isiza nomhlabathi ofanele

Amagilebhisi awasho ngeze abizwa ngokuthi i-berry yelanga, ngoba kuzo zonke izilimo zasensimini nguyena othembele kakhulu kunabo bonke. Ngokunikwa lesi sici, zama ukukhetha indawo evulekile eningizimu yesitshalo. Ukusuka enyakatho nasenyakatho mpumalanga kudingeka ukuthi kuvalwe imimoya. Kuyalulekwa ukuthi ngalolu hlangothi kukhona izakhiwo, uthango oluphezulu noma okutshale izihlahla. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi indawo enezindawo zokutshala zakwaSaperavi kufanele ingene umoya omncane ukuze ingazakhi izimo ezikahle zokutheleleka ngefungus. Kepha amagilebhisi akufanele abe kokusalungiswa.

Ukukhanya okungaphelele kuvunyelwe kuphela ehlahleni oluncane. Umqhele wesitshalo esidala kufanele ukhanyiswe ngangokunokwenzeka. KuSaperavi, le nto ibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba amagilebhisi sekwephuzile, futhi ukuvuthwa kwaso kuhla ngesikhathi lapho amahora emini ehla.

KuSaperavi, ukukhanyisa okukhulu kakhulu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kungokwamabanga akwephuzile

Umgcini wegadi ngamunye ufuna ukuba ne-assortment enkulu yezihlahla zezithelo nezihlahla endaweni yazo. Kodwa izikhala zangasese ezincane azikuvumeli lokhu. Ngakho-ke, amagilebhisi ngokuvamile abelwe izindawo eduze kwendlu uqobo. Akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukwenza lokhu. Amagilebhisi athanda ukuthambisa okuningi, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwesisekelo. Ukutshala eduze kwezihlahla nakho akusifanele. Izimpande zabo ziyoma futhi ziqede inhlabathi.

Kuya enhlabathini ye-Saperavi undemanding. Kepha uncamela ukufudumeza inhlabathi ngokushesha. Lezi zidingo zihlangatshezwa ukukhanya okugcwala i-loamy, i-loamy, isihlabathi esinenhlabathi evundayo ne-chernozems. Zinikeza izimpande zamagilebhisi ngokutholakala kalula komoya kanye nomswakama, zivikele izimpande ukuthi zingangeni ezingxenyeni ezijulile zenhlabathi.

USaperavi ukhetha inhlabathi evulekile, enamanzi amaningi

Ayilungele ukukhula kweSaperavi:

• izinhlabathi ezinesihlabathi - yoma ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ulahlekelwe izakhi zomzimba;
• ubumba olusindayo - ukufudumala isikhathi eside, ungavumeli izimpande ukuba ziphefumule ngokwejwayelekile, futhi zinomswakama kakhulu;
• acidic - kule nhlabathi enjalo, amagilebhisi aguliswa yi-chlorosis.

Akufanele itshalwe ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amadwala anamatshe ekujuleni okungaphansi kwamamitha kuya phezulu, izindawo eziseduze kwendawo yezigceme noma ezitolo zezilwane, kanye nenhlabathi kasawoti.

Ukukhetha indawo enhle yokutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi - ividiyo

Ngaphambi kokutshala, khetha indawo ekhethiwe ngokulandelana, uyisule ngokuphelele ezinsalela zemifino, amatshe, izimpande zonyaka. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukukala ingaphezulu, ugcwalise imigodi yesisekelo.

Ngaphambi kokutshala amagilebhisi, indawo leyo kufanele ilungiswe ngokususa izimpande zokhula ezingapheli

Ukulungiselela umgodi

Le nqubo ejwayelekile, eyenziwa ngaphambi kokutshala isivuno sezithelo, inezimpawu ezithile zamagilebhisi.

1. Noma umhlabathi uhlangabezana nezidingo ezishiwo, umgodi wokutshala amagilebhisi ujule kancane kunokujwayelekile - 80 - 100 cm. Ububanzi buyafana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwempande zomvini lukhula ngokushesha futhi lungena ngaphansi komhlaba ngokujulile - nge 2 - 3 m.
2. Ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka komzimba nokuzala, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini engafanele, inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ingeniswa emgodini wokutshala, oqukethe:
   • ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba ovundile;
   • izinto ezigoqeke kahle (2 - 3 amabhakithi);
   • i-superphosphate (200 - 300 g);
   • usawoti we-potassium (100-200 g);
   • ammonium nitrate (30 - 40 g).
3. Ukuze kwenyuswe ukuhanjiswa komswakama, isihlabathi esihlanganayo, isitini esiqhekeziwe noma amatshe agciniwe afakwa engxube yenhlabathi. Uma inhlabathi ingubumba, khona-ke ungqimba lomsele lubekwa ngaphansi komgodi.
4. Ingxube yenhlabathi ithululelwa emgodini bese iniselwa kakhulu ukuze inhlabathi ihlale ngaphambi kokutshala, futhi izakhi zihlakazeke ngokulinganayo kuyo.

Bemba umgodi wokutshala amagilebhisi ngosayizi omkhulu futhi bawigcwalisa ngenhlanganisela enempilo

ENingizimu, kwesinye isikhathi siba nezinkinga ngamanzi. Futhi amagilebhisi, njengoba wazi - umthandi wamanzi okuphuza. Ukuze ungachithi uketshezi oluyize ngeze, kodwa uqiniseke ukuthiondla isistimu yezimpande, abatshali abanolwazi baphendukela kubuqili bodwa. Lapho ulungiselela umgodi wokungena, kufakwa kuwo ipayipi elinobubanzi obungu-8 cm.Nquma ubude bakho ngokwakho, into esemqoka ukuthi ukhuphuka ngaphezu komhlaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10 - 20. Amanzi angena ezimpandeni ngepayipi futhi amagilebhisi angahlushwa ukoma. Ngomshini onjalo, ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-liquid kunganikezwa futhi.

Kungcono ukulungiselela umgodi wokufika ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma ukutshala kusekwindla - inyanga eyodwa, inqubo yasentwasahlobo, balungiselela ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.

Isikhathi sokufika

KwaSaperavi, okutshalwa ikakhulu ezindaweni ezifudumele, ukutshala ekwindla kufanelekile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela awo avuthwa kahle ngalesi sikhathi kanye nesithombo esivele sezimpande ngokweqile. Inqubo yenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho isihlahla siphonsa amaqabunga. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lesikhathi sasemini kufanele libe ngaphakathi kuka-15 ° C, izinga lokushisa lesikhathi sasebusuku akufanele lihle ngaphansi kuka-5 ° C. Isimo sezulu esinjengalesi sikhula ngo-Okthoba.

ISaperavi nayo ingatshalwa entwasahlobo. Lesi sikhathi sikulungele ngokukhethekile ukutshala amagilebhisi ngezinsika ezihlanganisiwe (indlela evuselela ukwakheka kwezimpande, kanti ama-buds aphumule). Ukufakelwa ogwini oluseningizimu kungenzeka kusukela ngo-Ephreli 5 - 10 kuya ku-Meyi 1, ezifundeni ze-steppe inqubo yenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10.

Ukukhetha Izithombo

Ngokungangabazeki, le nqubo isemqoka kuwo wonke umcimbi wokufika. Isithombo kuphela esinempilo esingakhombisa ukusinda okuhle. Izinkomba eziphambili lapha ziyefana nalapho ukhetha noma iyiphi enye into yokutshala.

1. Iminyaka. Izitshalo ezisebenza kakhulu izithombo ezisencane ezisukela onyakeni kuya ku-2.
2. Ukuphamba izithombo kungabi ngaphansi kwama-40 cm.
3. Uhlelo lwezimpande kufanele lube namagatsha amakhulu aminyene ambozwe ngesibalo sezimpande zokubamba.
4. Isiqu sishubile, ngaphandle kwama-thickenings, sagging, ukulimala kwemishini. Esitokweni kumele okungenani kube nomvini ongu-1.

Ukuthenga izinto zokutshala, iya esikhungweni esikhethekile noma enkulisa. Isikhathi esichithwe sinxephezelwa yisithombo esinempilo esisetshenzisiwe ngeke sikudumaze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathola izeluleko ezifanele.

Izithombo zamagilebhisi: Uhlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile noluvalekile - ividiyo

Inqubo yokufakelwa

Uma uhlelo lwempande yesithombo seluvulekile, thambisa emanzini amahora amaningi. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvuseleleni izimpande futhi kuzilungiselele ukutshala.

Izinkuthazo zokukhula zingangezwa emanzini. Enye indlela enhle yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali uluju - 1 tbsp. l umkhiqizo omnandi ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.

1. Susa ingxenye yenhlabathi emgodini olungiselelwe ukuze wakhe ukudana okungamasentimitha angama-50-60. Qoqa inhlabathi esele ngenhla kweslayidi.
2. Beka isithombo esiqongweni segquma, uqondise amagatsha ezimpande bese usakaza. Fafaza ngenhlabathi eyembiwe. Qiniseka ukuthi awukho ama-voids akhiwa ngaphansi kwesithende se-seedling nasesizalweni sayo.
3. Bopha isithombo kusekelelo.
4. Misa kancane umhlaba uzungeze isithombo bese uthele amabhakede ama-2 amanzi kuwo.
5. Indawo engehla yesiqu sezimpande kufanele ibe ngaphansi komphetho womgodi wokutshala ngamasentimitha 8-10.

Ukutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo ngendlela yesitsha - ividiyo

Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingekayo

USaperavi, yize ayidingi ukugada njalo, kepha imithetho elula kakhulu yokuyinakekela kumele ibhekwe.

Ukunisela nokondla

Isihlahla esidala seSaperavi siyakwazi ukubekezelela izikhathi ezomile ngenxa yohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, oluhamba luqonde ku-3 kuye ku-4 m ukujula emhlabathini .. Kepha usadinga ukunisela isitshalo, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezibalulekile kuso:

• ngesikhathi sokukhula;
• ngemuva kwezimbali;
• ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamajikijolo.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, uSaperavi akufanele aniselwe, ngoba lokhu kuholela ekuchitheni kwezimbali.

USaperavi akanjelwa ngenkathi yezimbali, ukuze ungacasuli izimbali eziwayo

Ukunisela kokuqala kufanele kube kuningi. Ngaphansi kwesitshalo esikhiqiza izithelo, udinga ukuthulula amalitha amanzi angama-200 ukwenza amandla wokukhula ngokushesha kwesisindo esiluhlaza. Sabalalisa leli nani lamanzi ngaphezulu kwezicelo eziningi ukuze umswakama ube nesikhathi sokuthola. Ukunisela okulandelayo akuyona amanzi amaningi - mane uthele amabhakede wamanzi ayi-2 - 3 ngaphansi kwesihlahla.

Amagilebhisi ayakuthanda kakhulu ukuthulula amanzi afudumele. Ngaphambi kokufaka umswakama, ungashiya ibhakede loketshezi elangeni noma kufudumele ku-20 ° C. Amanzi abandayo angadala izifo zokukhunta.

Izithombo zinikezwa ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Badinga ukuchelela njalo ukuze bakhule ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, izitshalo ezincane ziniselwa kanye ngesonto, zithululela ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Kancane kancane, imvamisa yokuphuza iyancishiswa ibe yisikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga, kuthi ngo-Agasti, ukuncibilika kumiswe ngokuphelele ukuvumela umvini uvuthwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.

Ukunisela amagilebhisi ngamapayipi wokudonsa amanzi kulula kakhulu

USaperavi wondliwa kaningana ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukuvama kwesicelo sokufakwa komanyolo nenani laso kuncike eminyakeni yamagilebhisi.

Isitshalo esincane sondliwa kabili ngesizini:

• entwasahlobo, ukuqinisa amahlumela amasha, akhulele ku-15 cm ubude, faka isisombululo se-nitrophoska 15 g nge-10 l lamanzi;
• ngoJulayi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, kusetshenziswa ingxube ye-20 g ye-superphosphate ne-12 g ye-potassium sulfate ngo-10 l wamanzi.

Isihlahla esivuthayo sidinga kakhulu izakhamzimba, ngakho-ke sidinga ukondliwa kathathu ngesizini.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu - itafula

Umquba uthathwa njengomanyolo omuhle kakhulu wamagilebhisi. Ngeke nje ihlinzeke isihlahla nge-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium, kodwa futhi nokucebisa inhlabathi ngobuningi bezinto ezithile zokulandela. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo entwasahlobo, ukwethula ama-5 - 7 kg nge-1 m² ngokumba, noma njengesixazululo:

• amagilebhisi amadala - 5 - 10 l ngaphansi kwesihlahla;
• kwesitshalo esincane kuphela 1 - 5 amalitha.

Umquba ngumanyolo omuhle kakhulu kwaSaperavi

Iziphi ezinye izindlela zokunakekela ozisebenzisayo?

1. Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla samagilebhisi kufanele igcinwe ihlanzekile, ngakho-ke kufanele kususwe ukhula njalo. Lokhu ukuvikela okuhle ezilwaneni.
2. Ukuvula, kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nangemva kokuthambisa ngakunye, kusiza ukugcwalisa inhlabathi nge-oxygen, okudingekayo ezimpandeni.
3. I-mulching ivikela uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo ezincane ekushiseni ngokweqile esimweni sezulu esishisayo, zisiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini futhi zivimbela ukukhula kokhula.

Ukubopha ngokuxubha nokuthena

Ukwakheka kwesihlahla kwenziwa eminyakeni yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala. Lokhu akwenzelwa nje ukunikeza isiko uhlobo oluthile, kodwa futhi nokungenela ekuqaleni kokukhiqiza izithelo.

Ezifundeni ze-steppe, ngokwakhiwa kwe-fan-stem ephansi, umthwalo wamehlo angama-50-60 uvunyelwe esihlahleni sakwaSaperavi. Izihlahla wenziwa ngeso 10 - 12, eCrimea - ngo-6 - 8.

Ukunyathela

Ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula, isithombo siba amahlumela. Kulawa, khetha okukodwa, okuthuthuke kakhulu. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi itholakala ngaphansi kwabanye. Wonke umuntu uyanquma. Ukudubula okukhethiwe kusikwa ekuphakameni kwesiqu esizayo. Esiqongweni sehlumela kufanele lihlale li-2 - 3 iso. Eduze kwesihlahla, yenza umgodi obukhulu obungama-20 cm bese ususa amahlumela nezimpande, uma kukhona.

Ekupheleni kwesizini elandelayo yokukhula, amahlumela azoba ngamehlo asobunxele, lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona amagatsha noma imikhono yaphakade.

Esikhathini sendawo yokucasha ngaphansi kwemvelo, uSaperavi unconywa ukuba akhiwe esiqwini esiyi-1,2 m ukuphakama.

Ukuthena amagilebhisi we-Autumn Wabasaqalayo - ividiyo

Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwesihlahla, inqubo elandelayo yenziwa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesitshalo:

• ezitshalweni ezindala, ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwesiqhakaza, zifeza izingcezu zamagatsha angenazisekelo phansi kwesihlahla ukuze zingabambezeli umsoco. Amahlumela angaphezulu akhula esweni elilodwa nawo ayasuswa;
• lapho amabhulashi eqala ukwakha, ancipha amahlumela athela izithelo ukuze iziqu zithole umsoco owengeziwe futhi zikhule kangcono;
• ukuze amajikijolo akhule futhi abe mnandi, aqhube umhlangano. Uma imikhono imfushane, susa ama-inflorescence e-oda lokuqala, kokunye - ama-oda ama-3-4.

Garter

Amagilebhisi abaluleke kakhulu kumagilebhisi. Le nqubo ayigcini ngokulekelela ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo nokuvuna. Ngenxa yokuthi amagilebhisi ahlanganisiwe ashaywa kangcono umoya futhi athola isibalo esikhulu selanga, izifo eziningi zingagwenywa futhi amajikijolo amakhulu futhi amnandi angatholakala.

Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ukusekelwa kwesikhonkwane sekwanele isitshalo esincane. Kepha-ke, kufanele wakhe isakhiwo esiqinile ngokwengeziwe. Ukuze wakhe i-trellis, uzodinga ukusekelwa (ukhonkolo oqinisiwe, izigxobo zokhuni noma zokhuni), uthango oluqinile, iziphambano (kodwa ungakwenza ngaphandle kwazo) nodaka nosimende.

1. Ebangeni le-3 m, bamba izihlalo ezi-2 okungenani ngokujula kwama-50 cm.
2. Phansi ubeke ungqimba lwamanzi, ubeke ikholomu bese ugcwalisa udaka nosimende.
3. Ukwenza isakhiwo sizinze ngokwengeziwe, qinisa imiphetho engenhla yokuthunyelwe ngemigoqo yesiphambano.
4. Lapho isixazululo siqina, lungisa izintambo zensimbi, eyokuqala yazo iqiniswe ibanga elingama-40 cm ukusuka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Ibanga phakathi kwalabo abalandelayo lingama-40 - 45 cm.

Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukunakekela amagilebhisi kwi-trellis

ISaperavi inamandla akhulayo amandla, ngakho-ke, ngoba i-garter 3 - 4 tiers zayo zanele.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokugoqa - ezomile nezihlaza:

• owomile wenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa;
• i-garter eluhlaza yenziwa ehlobo. Baphendukela kulo ukuze bavikele amahlumela amasha emimoyeni enamandla. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, i-garter eluhlaza yenziwa kaningana, njengoba amahlumela ekhula.

Ngokwenza i-garter eluhlaza, uvikela amahlumela amasha emimoyeni enamandla

Shelter ebusika

USaperavi ubhekana namakhaza ezindaweni ezifanele ukulinyelwa. Izingxenye ezingamelana nesithwathwa kakhulu esihlahleni imivini. Babekezelela kalula iqhwa ku-20 ° C. Kepha uhlelo lwezimpande luvikeleke okungenani - amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka -10 ° C angadala umonakalo omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukumboza indawo yezimpande ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ngesendlalelo se-mulch noma nge-spud enomhlaba owomile.

Amakati amade womvini adinga indawo yokukhosela. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izakhiwo zefilimu. Kepha kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi ifilimu ayithinti izinso, ngaphandle kwalokho zingafudumeza noma zishise entwasahlobo kusuka elangeni eliqhakazile, ngoba ifilimu izothuthukisa isenzo semisebe. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, faka ifreyimu eyenziwe ngocingo oluqinile ngaphezulu kwemivini, umboze ngefilimu ngaphezulu. Amaphethelo ayo angalungiswa ngamatshe, ngezitini noma isikhonkwane samagilebhisi, asibeka kufilimu.

Indawo yokukhosela yamafilimu ivikela izimbotshana ezinamaqabunga ezifweni

Izifo ezivame kakhulu nezinambuzane zikaSaperavi, izindlela zokulawula nokuvimbela

USaperavi akahlukaniswa ukungatheleleki okuqinile, ngakho-ke izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela zibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo, okuthi uma zihlanganiswe nokunakekelwa okufanele zivikele izinkinga eziningi. Abatshali abanokuhlangenwe nakho ngeke bakuphuthe ukuqala kwesifo noma izimpawu zokuqala ezibonisa izinambuzane. Umlimi we-novice kudingeka aqaphele kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zezulu ezingezinhle, ukuze angavumeli izifo nezinambuzane ukuba zonakalise isivuno.

Mildew

Izindawo ezithintekayo zeqabunga ziqhakaza, ziba phuzi futhi zibe namafutha. Kumaqabunga amancane, ama-foci anezinhlaka eziyindilinga, kubantu abadala, zi-angular angular. Ekuqaleni, amabala mancane, kepha abese ehlangana futhi abambe wonke umphezulu. Amahlamvu ayawa. Lesi sifo sithinta zonke izitho zesitshalo - amahlumela, izimpondo, ama-inflorescence, amajikijolo aluhlaza. Ngaphansi kweqabunga ngaphansi kwamabala, i-mycelium ibumbeka ngendlela yenhlanganisela emhlophe enjengempuphu. Ama-inflorescence athintekile aphenduka aphuzi kuqala, bese aphenduka ansundu futhi omile. Amajikijolo athola i-blue hue, imibimbi futhi ibe mnyama. Okwe-winemaking noma ukudla, akusasebenzi. Iziqongo zamahlumela ezithintwe yisifo somile.

IMildew ibhekwa njengesifo esiyingozi kunazo zonke, ngoba izinhlamvu zingaphila nanoma yiziphi izimo zezulu - ukushisa, isomiso, isithwathwa noma umswakama ngokweqile. Izinga lokusabalala kwalesi sifo lithinteka ekushiseni komoya. Ezimweni ezifudumele, nge-thermometer ku-20 - 25 ° C, lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngosuku lwe-4 - 5. Uma kupholile, izimpawu zingavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umswakama ophakeme uyinto enhle ekuthuthukiseni ukhunta. Indlela enkulu yomzabalazo yi-Bordeaux fluid. I-1 noma 2% isisombululo isetshenziswa kuze kube ukwakhiwa kwama-fungal spores. Ungasebenzisa futhi iRidomil Gold, Inzuzo noma Horus.

Ukuvimbela kuyindlela ethembeke kunazo zonke yokuvikela okutshalekile kwezifo. Lapho uthenga isithombo, khetha izitshalo ezinempilo kuphela. Landela imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo:

• ungagcwali ihlahla;
• qiniseka ukunquma;
• hlanza futhi ushise amahlamvu ekwindla.

Izimpawu zokuqala lapho ukuthamba kungabonakala khona zingamabala aphuzi emaqabungeni

I-Oidium, noma i-powdery hlobo

Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngesimo sokubopha i-powdery ebusweni bamaqabunga. Sisakazekela engaphansi kweqabunga, amajikijolo. Izithelo ezithintekile ekuqaleni kwentuthuko zivame ukuqhekeka, ziyeke ukukhula bese zomile. Kushiya ukhula bese womile.

Isimo esifaneleka ngokuphelele sokukhula kwesikhunta inhlanganisela yokushisa komoya okuphezulu (ngaphezulu kwama-25 ° C) nomswakama ophezulu (ngaphezulu kwama-80%). Ukulungiswa kwesibabule kubhekwa njengekhambi eliphumelela kakhulu ngokumelene nalesi sifo. Amagilebhisi aphathwa ngokumiswa okungu-1% wesibabule se-colloidal noma i-0.5% yokumiswa kwe-80% isibabule. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezu kwama-20 ° C, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa uthuli lwesihlahla ngesibabule somhlaba ngesilinganiso sama-20- 30 kg / ha (sebenzisa imishini yokuvikela ngenkathi usebenza). Entwasahlobo yokuqala, amagilebhisi afafazwa ngesisombululo esingu-1 - 2% DNOC.

Ukuze wenze izindlela ezinokwethenjelwa zokuvimbela - ukuthambisa amahlumela nokuthena imivini eyomile, udinga ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

I-Oidium ayithinti amaqabunga kuphela, kepha namajikijolo

Ukubola okumpunga

Lesi sifo sithinta isitshalo sonke - isiqu, amahlumela, amaqabunga. Ama-inflorescence athelelekile ayoma. Kepha kulimala okuningi okwenziwa kumajikijolo, avuthiwe futhi asevuthiwe. Amabhulashi ambozwe ngenhlanganisela eluhlaza grey, amajikijolo ajika abe nsundu abole. Uma uthinta isixha esigulayo, siqala ukuba ngothuli. Ngakho-ke izinhlamvu zefungus zisakazekela kwezinye izandla.

Ukutheleleka ngobuningi kwenzeka ngenkuthalo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu womoya nomswakama ophezulu. Okokuqala, ukhunta uthinta amajikijolo anomonakalo, abambe isixha sonke. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwamandla kokuvuthwa kwesilinganiso silingana nje ngosuku, ngokuya ngesimo sezulu. Ukubhekana nalesi sifo, baphathwa ngeTopsin (10 - 15 g ngengxenye eyodwa kwezikhulu) noma i-Euparen (20 - 30 g ngengxenye eyodwa kwezikhulu).

Ukuvimbela kungokokuqala ukuhambisana nemithetho yokunakekelwa:

• ukuthamba okunciphisa;
• umquba;
• ukuphathwa kwenhlabathi ngamalungiselelo e-EM (ngokwesibonelo, iBaikal M1);
• ukususwa kwezithelo ezilimele noma amabhulashi.

Ukubola okumpunga kungathela kakhulu iqembu lamagilebhisi ngokushesha okukhulu

I-Phyloxera

Kunzima kakhulu ukubona inkathazo encane ngamehlo anqunu. Ngosizo lwe-proboscis, inj inj futhi idweba amajusi anempilo. Lokhu kwenzeka emaqabungeni nasezimpandeni. Ezindaweni zokubhoboza amaqabunga amaqabunga amaqabunga akhiwa. Inani elikhulu lezinambuzane lingalimaza zonke izingxenye eziluhlaza zesitshalo. I-Root phylloxera ibhekwa njengeyingozi kakhulu. Amafomu ajikelekile futhi ahlanganisiwe ezimpandeni ezithintekile. Ziphazamisa ukusebenza kwesihlahla okujwayelekile, okuyeka ukukhula futhi kungaze kufe.

Imvula noma umoya onamandla ongahambisa izinambuzane emabangeni amade kusiza inkathazo. Izithwali zingaba yizilwane ezifuywayo ngisho nabantu. Empini yokulwa ne-phylloxera, le mithi elandelayo izibonakalise ngokwayo:

• Karbofos;
• I-BI-58;
• Confidor;
• I-Zolon;
• I-Kinmix.

Ngenhloso yokuvimbela, kuyadingeka ukumelana nezinto ezitholakele zokutshala zikwabiwe yedwa futhi uzitshale ngokujula okukhulu, lapho i-phylloxera ingasinde khona.

Kubukeka njengehlamvu elithintwe yi-phylloxera

ISaperavi yizinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokwenza iwayini. Amagilebhisi okukuqala kokuwina, kubhekwa ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwento enemibala, futhi ukuba khona kwe-tannin kunikeza isiphuzo esidumile ukunambitheka okungekuhle kokungezwani. Kepha abaningi babheka leligilebhisi hhayi nje kuphela njengobuningi betechnikhi, ngoba isithelo esivuthiwe kahle sinambitha okuhle.