Ngokuqala kwezinsuku ezifudumele zentwasahlobo wanezela ukunakekelwa balimi. Kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela imbewu izithombo, ukuwahambisa, ngesikhathi esifanele ukondla, ukhulule inhlabathi.
Futhi lapho ebona izithombo ze-vanishuyu ziqaphela ukuthi yonke imizamo yenzelwe ize. Kuyasiza kakhulu abalimi ukuthola izimbangela zesigameko ukuze bagweme izinto ezinjalo esikhathini esizayo.
Namuhla sizophendula imibuzo enjalo: kungani izithombo ze-pepper zifa emva kokuhluma? Ngokufanayo, kungani izithombo ze-pepper zibuna futhi ziwa, yini okufanele zenze kulokhu? Thola ukuthi kungani amaqabunga ephuzi kulezi zithombo zepelepele?
Izithombo zePepper ziyafa, yini okufanele zenze?
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi izithombo zime. Ngamunye kufanele athathwe ngokuhlukile ukuze aqonde izimbangela futhi anikeze usizo oludingekayo. Phakathi kwezimbangela eziyinhloko zokulahlekelwa kwezithombo ze-pepper yizi ezilandelayo:
- Umhlabathi omuhle wekhwalithi. Kungcono ukuthatha leli zwe emagqumeni okungekho izitshalo zomndeni we-nightshade ezikhulile (utamatisi, ama-eggplant, amazambane). Izithuthukisi ezinhle kakhulu enhlabathini yokutshala i-pepper ziyiziqathe, anyanisi, kanye ne-dill;
- Ukuthengwa kwenhlabathi ehlanganisiwe ezitolo ezingezona ezikhethekile. Kunezimo zokuthengwa komhlaba ngemuva kokusetshenziswa phakathi nenkathi ku-greenhouse, okomile bese kuhlanganiswa ukuthengiswa. Kuyo kwasala izinsalela zezitshalo, ukhula, amagciwane;
- Waterlogging. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yokunisela kakhulu, noma imigodi yamanzi emigodini, lapho imbewu etshalwe khona;
- Ukwanda kwamanzi omhlabathi kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombo zefungal (njengokuthi "umlenze omnyama"). Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa kwesisombululo se-potassium permanganate;
- Izithombo ezifayo zingaba ngesizathu umoya omile, ikakhulukazi uma ikhulile efasiteleni elitholakala ngaphezu kwe-radiator. Kwanele nje ukususa ibhokisi kwenye indawo;
- Esinye isizathu sokubilisa pepper kukhona i-drafts. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuwavikela ukuze umoya obandayo ungafaki izithombo.
Kungani izithombo ze-pepper ziphela, yini okufanele zenze? Ngokuvamile ungabona isithombe esinjalo. Kusihlwa, izithombo zazinesimweni esihle, futhi ekuseni bonke babeqamba amanga, njengokungathi bahlaselwa ngamanzi ashisayo. Lesi simo sivame ukutholakala eningizimu yeRussia. Ukususwa okusheshayo kuhlotshaniswa nokungcoliswa kwamagciwane.
Kungani izithombo eziphuzi ze-pepper?
Ukuphuza amaqabunga e-pepper kungabangelwa izizathu eziningana. Okuyinhloko yilokhu:
- Ukudideka noma ukuthuthukiswa ngokwanele kwezimpande;
- Ukuntuleka kwezakhi;
- Ukungabi namanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela;
- Ukutheleleka kwefungal ("umlenze omnyama").
Izithombo zePepper ziphenduka ophuzi? Yini okufanele uyenze kulokhu?
Ukudideka komsuka nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo
Lokhu kwenzeka kwenzeka kaningi. lapho uhlwanyela imbewu ye-pepper kumabhodlela amancane. Izimpande zazingekho isikhala sokuthuthukiswa, ngakho-ke ukungabi namsoco emaqabungeni, futhi ngemuva kwalokho amaqabunga aphuzi kanye nokuwa. Into ekhona engasiza ukuguqula isitshalo ngezinga elihle, eliphelele lokuqeda ibhola lempande.
Ukuntuleka kwezakhi
Amaqabunga e-Pepper angahle aphuzi ngokuntuleka kwezakhi. Njengoba bethi abalimi abanolwazi, ngokuvamile baphuzi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okusheshayo kokusebenzisa isisombululo se-ammonium nitrate. Kulesi simo, amaqabunga azokwamukela ngokushesha i-nitrogen, kodwa akufanele ulindele kuphela.
Ukutshala ama-nitrogen-aqukethe amalungiselelo afana ne-azogran ku-granules noma urea kuzosiza. Kuzokwanela ukwenza umhlabathi eduze kwesitshalo i-granule eyodwa.
Kubalulekile! Ungalindeli ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwezithombo. Thola isizathu sokuthi udinga ngokushesha futhi usiqede. Khombisa futhi unakekele izithombo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukungabi namanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela
Esinye sezizathu zokuphuza amaqabunga e-pepper, ukungabi namanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela. Ngokusho kososayensi, i-pepper ingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90%. Izithombo zibekezelela kakhulu ukungabi nomswakama, zoma futhi zinyanyele lapho kuqala khona izimbali nama-ovari, khona-ke amaqabunga.
Abalimi abanolwazi, bazi lesi sici, izithombo zamanzi ziwasebenzisa ngokucophelela amanzi ekamelweni lokushisa. Amanzi ashubile angabangela nokuphuza nokuwa kweqabunga.
Ukutheleleka kwefungal
Izithombo ziphenduka ophuzi, zifa futhi zichitha amaqabunga aqala. Ekuhloleni okusheshayo emhlabathini phansi isibuno sibonakala ngokucacile. Lona okuthiwa "umlenze omnyama". Imbangela yokutheleleka kwefungus edluliselwa emhlabathini, ukutheleleka okungakaze kwenzeke ngokwenza amandla okutshala noma imbewu yepelepele.
Izindlela zokulwa zikhona imbewu yokugqoka ngaphambi kokutshala, ukutshala iphakheji yokucwiliswa kwemithi. Uma ukungcola kwenzeka, ukukhethwa ngokucophelela nokususwa kwezitshalo ezithintekile kuyadingeka. Ukusetshenziselwa izithombo ezisele ukugcina lesi sidakamizwa ngenhla yethusi.
Izimbangela ze-leaf deformation
Abalimi abaningi bajwayele ukuhleleka kweqabunga lokushiya amaqabunga. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa okungalingani kwe-vein uma kuqhathaniswa nendwangu yeshidi. Akukho okumele ukwenze. Ukuthuthukiswa kuzothuthuka njengoba izithombo zikhula.
Okubi nakakhulu, uma amaqabunga e-curl, abe luhlaza okombala, lapho kuqhubeka khona ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwenzeka ukuma nokukhishwa kwayo. I-pepper engenayo izithombo. Kungenzeka kubangelwa ukungabi khona kwe-potassium.
Kungani izithombo ze-pea zinamahlamvu awela? Ukukhishwa kwe-Leaf, ukomisa kungenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwezinambuzane. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwesicabucabu. Amaqabunga ama-curl, asomile, aphilile futhi aphelile. Uma ibhekwa emaqabunga aphethwe, kubonakala ngokucacile ukuthi ihlanganiswe nama-cobwebs. Amagqabha athwala, asomile. Kuzo zonke izinyosi ziphuza.
Indlela enhle kunazo zonke yokulwa nezibungu zesicabucabu ukuvuna ngesandla amaqabunga abathintekayo, ngokuqhuma okuqhubekayo kwezithombo ngesidakamizwa esithi "Fitoverm".
Izinqubo ezilandelayo zizokusiza ukunqoba izithombo ze-pepper nezinambuzane ze-spider, ama-aphid nama-thrips:
- Ukususwa kokhula bese utshala izinsalela ezivela ku-greenhouse;
- Okujulile ukumba noma ukufaka inhlabathi endaweni yokushisa;
- Ukutshala okunye;
- Ukuhlola ngezikhathi zezitshalo kanye nokuqoqwa kwemithombo yamaqabunga abathintekayo;
- With izilonda ezinkulu izithombo sebenzisa ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwaukubhubhisa imikhaza.
Ukulungiswa kwesikhashana ngesikhathi somhlabathi, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela izithombo ngokuntuleka kwezakhi, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa kwezinambuzane kuzokusiza ukuba ukhule izithombo ezinamandla, futhi esikhathini esizayo ukuqoqa isitshalo esihle sepelepele.
Izinto eziwusizo
Funda ezinye izihloko ezitshalweni ze-pepper:
- Ingabe ngidinga ukucwilisa imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala?
- Indlela yokutshala ama-peas amnyama, u-chili, omunyu noma omnandi ekhaya?
- Yini abagqugquzeli bokukhula nokuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani?
- Izizathu eziyinhloko zokudonsa izithombo.
