Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula jikelele I-hoof yesiliva iveza izithelo zokunambitheka okungavamile, ezisetshenziselwa kokubili ifomu eluhlaza futhi zihle kakhulu ekwenzeni i-jam, ijusi, izithelo eziphethwe, kanye nokomiswa.
Luhlobo luni olubhekisela
Izinselo eziyisiliva zesiliva zingokwezinhlobo zehlobo zama-apula. Izinhlobonhlobo kubhekwa njengokukhiqiza, ukushisa kwebusika-okuqinile kanye nesomiso. Ukuphikiswa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal kuyinto isilinganiso. Izithelo uma zigcinwe kahle ziqukethe kusukela kwinye kuya kwezinyanga ezimbili. Izinselo zesiliva ezihlukahlukene izimo zokugcina ama-apple:
- umoya ohambelana nomswakama - 90-95%;
- ukugcinwa kweziqukathi zokhuni kuyadingeka;
- lokushisa - 0 ° C;
- ubungako bokulinganiswa kwesithelo;
- ukuhlunga ama-apula ngebanga.
Ukuvota
Njengoba umuthi we-apula ungokwakhe uhlobo olungenazo izithelo, impova ivela ngenxa yempova yezimbali ze-apula zemithi ehlukile.
Okungcono, izitshalo zezitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo ezikude ngamamitha amane kuya kwanguhlanu ukusuka komunye nomunye. I-pollinator ingcono ukukhetha ibanga lika-Anis Sverdlovsk.
Incazelo ye-Silver Hoof ezihlukahlukene
Ukubonakala komuthi we-apula kubonakala ngokuphakama kwesihlahla esijwayelekile, umqhele omningi wombala obala okhanyayo nezithelo ezinomzimba obukhulu obukhulu bobukhulu obuphakathi. Bheka esithombeni esingezansi ukuthi i-apula yesiliva i-Silver Hoof ibonakala kanjani, futhi ufunde incazelo eningiliziwe yomuthi ngokwawo nezithelo zawo.
Ukuphakama okuphakathi. Umqhele kunesidingo, kodwa unamaqabunga amakhulu, ajikelezayo futhi ahamba phambili.
Amagatsha ezinamahlumela, asuka ensika, cishe, ekhoneni lama-degree angama-90, eqondile, ehlanganisiwe. Amagxolo amagatsha agqamile nge-tinge ephuzi.
Ukwakhiwa kwezithelo kolchatka nemikhonto. Amahlumela aqoshiwe, aluhlaza okombala okwebala, ubukhulu obuphakathi, cishe bubala.
Iqabunga le-Silver Hoof elihlukahlukeneko lomuthi likhulu, elibanzi ebusweni, elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala kanye nemiphetho ephakanyisiwe. Inomumo obanzi oval. Izimbali zimhlophe futhi zikhulu kakhulu.
Izithelo akuzona ezinkulu. Isisindo sesilinganiso se-apula eyodwa singama-90 amagremu.
Emthini owodwa ukhule izithelo ezilinganayo. Umumo we-apula uqinisile, ubuso bubushelelezi, ukuqhuma kubonakala kungapheli. Ikhasi elomile, elimbozwe nge-waxy coating, elincane. Amaphoyinti angaphansi kokungapheli angabonakali.
Umbala Wesiliva Wensimbi Yesiliva i-yellow-cream, ephenduka umbala obomvu we-orange. Isiqu asikona isikhathi eside, ubukhulu obuphakathi. Imbewu inkulu, iyindilinga, imnyama emnyama.
Inyama ye-apula iyinhlanganisela ehlelekile, enamanzi futhi eqinile. Ukunambitheka kwe-apula kunamandla, i-dessert, iyamnandi futhi iyomuncu. Iphunga liyakhulunywa ngokwemvelo.
Isithombe
Ukwakhiwa kwama-chemical:
- I-Sahara - 12.8%;
- Uzibhalisele kuwe-0.9%;
- Izinto ezincibilikayo ezimanzi - cishe 15%;
- I-ascorbic acid - 12.5 mg ngamagremu angu-100;
- Iziqhingi ezisebenzayo ezingu-R - 112 mg ngamagremu angu-100.
Umlando wokuzala
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apple Izikhumba zesiliva zenziwe yi-Kotov LA ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Rainbow nezinhlobo ze-Snowflake ngo-1988. Ukukhethwa kwenzelwa esiteshini sokuhlola sokulima kwedolobha laseSverdlovsk eRussia.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Inselo ye-apple ehlukahlukene yesiliva yiyona ehlukahlukene ehlukahlukene eRussia, ngakho-ke itholakala ezindaweni eziningi:
- I-Sverdlovsk;
- I-Chelyabinsk;
- I-Kurgan;
- I-Kirov.
Ezihlukahlukene zivame ukutholakala esifundeni sase-Orenburg nase-Udmurtia. Kwabiwa eKazakhstan. Nokho, indawo yokukhula kwemvelo yindawo yaseNtshonalanga yeSiberia.
Ukuthela
I-Apple Tree Silver Hoof iqala ukuvuna ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine emva kokutshala.
Kodwa ukuvunwa ngezimfanelo eziphezulu zabathengi kungatholakala kuphela ngonyaka wesihlanu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zivuthiwe. Izithelo zokuvuthwa ziwela phakathi no-Agasti.
Emithini yama-apula ekhulile ezindaweni zokukhula kwemvelo, kwenzeka kancane kancane. Isikhathi somthengi siqala ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, futhi sihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Ukukhiqiza kuvamile, ngonyaka.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Isivuno nobukhulu bezithelo ze-Silver Hoof apula kuxhomeke ekunakekeleni. Lapho utshala isihlahla usebenzisa umquba omdala. Nakuba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekene nokuphikiswa okuphakathi kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, ukunakekelwa kwe-apula akudingi umzamo omkhulu..
Izinhlanzi zesiliva izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula zitshalwe kulezi zonyaka ezintathu:
- ekwindla (ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba);
- entwasahlobo (sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli);
- ehlobo (ekupheleni kukaJulayi).
Nokho namanje ekwindla okunconyiwe kulezi ezihlukahlukene.
KUBALULEKILE: Uma utshalwa, gwema izindawo lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze khona. Uma kungenjalo, izithombo zizoba emanzini, futhi umuthi uzobola.
Amathiphu amakhulu okutshala izinselo ze-apula zesiliva zesiliva:
- udinga ukukhetha izithombo ngesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile futhi uzithenge endaweni lapho kunezimo zezulu ezifanayo;
- insimu kufanele ihlale ilanga;
- ukhethe osemusha, bese eguqulela ngokushesha emhlabathini esakhiweni lapho ekhulile khona;
- Izindawo zokutshala kufanele zikhishwe kahle;
- ukuze umuthi ukhule uqine futhi ulethe isivuno esiphezulu, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise umhlabathi we-loam;
- ukulungisa kahle umgodi wokufika.
I-algorithm yokufika ilula. Imingcele efanele yomgodi wokutshala i-apula yalezi ezihlukahlukene: 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.5 m. Ingqimba engenhla yomhlaba oqoshiwe ixubene nesendlalelo esingaphansi kanti umanyolo olandelayo uqaliswa:
Gcwalisa umgodi wokufika ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi nomanyolo 2/3. Inhlabathi evundile ngaphandle komanyolo ithululelwa phezulu. I-Pit yaphuzisa futhi iphinda igcwalise ungqimba lomhlabathi ovundile.
Manje ungakwazi ukutshala ngokucophelela umuthi we-apula, mhlawumbe ngosizo lomuntu. Ngemuva kwalokho, qiniseka ukuyibopha emgodini wezinkuni yi-figure eyisikhombisa.
Ngonyaka olandelayo emva kokutshala, entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukwakha umqhele owenziwe umuthi we-apula. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ekupheleni kwegatsha ngalinye.
Iminyaka emine noma emihlanu yokuqala, unganiki i-apple ukukhiqiza izithelo. Ngonyaka wokuqala ngo-Ephreli, izihlahla kumele zinisele ngemifino evikela izilokazane. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe kabili.:
- lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuvuvukala emagatsheni;
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Khona-ke umuthi awusadingeki ukuba umanyolo unyaka kuze kube ngoMsombuluko ozayo. Njalo entwasahlobo, i-apula kufanele inakekelwe ngokukhethekile:
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-apula yesiliva ye-Hoof iphakathi kokuphikiswa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Ngokuvamile umuthi we-apula walolu hlobo uwonakele izithelo zemfucumfucu nesikhumba.
Izithelo Rot - Isifo sohlobo lwefayalini, oluwela phakathi phakathi komntwana nge-cracks kanye namanxeba adalwe ngaphambilini izilwane, isichotho noma enye indlela. Isibonakaliso sokuqala ukubonakala kwesikhumba esibomvu esikhumbeni se-apula.okuyinto izokhula kuze i-apula ibole ngokuphelele.
Ngeshwa, amacala wezilonda ezinesikhumba ajwayelekile.. Kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukuvimbela okuqhubekayo.
Isici se-scab yilokho, ngaphandle kokushaya i-trunk, endaweni yokuqala it hits amaqabunga esihlahla, bese sithinta isithelo. Ukuze ugweme ukulimala, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa umuthi we-apula kwezinye izitshalo ensimini, uqaphele ngokucophelela isitshalo futhi uhlaziye njalo futhi uchithe umhlabathi.
Isizathu sokubukeka kwaleli fungus kungaba ukulimala emoyeni ngaphakathi komqhele wesihlahla noma ukukhuphuka komswakama. Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-scab zibukeka ngamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaqabunga., futhi inqwaba yesikhumba esincane, okwenza u-crust, amabala ezithelo.
Uma lesi sifo sisaqhubeka sishaya umuthi, kufanele uqale ukuwuphatha ngokushesha.. Ukwelashwa kwenzeka ngokulima umhlabathi nxazonke zezitshalo bese uphefa umuthi ngezixube ezihlukahlukene. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuyisilinganiso sezinyathelo zomhlaba wonke, okuvimbela nokwelashwa cishe kuzo zonke izifo zomuthi wensimu.
Izindlela ezinhle zokwelashwa yizixazululo: i-urea (ngokwesilinganiso, amalitha angu-7-8 adingekayo ngomuthi ngamunye), i-oxychloride yethusi, okumele isetshenziswe kuqala ngaphambi kokuchichima, bese kuthi lapho kuvela izithelo zokuqala, ne-Bordeaux liquid, okungasetshenziswa kalula ngethusi le-sulfate.
Isihlahla sama-apple esibizwa ngokuthi i-Silverhoof siveza izithelo ezihlwabusayo ngamakhemikhali abalulekile.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ama-apula omuthi abhekwe ukuthuthwa okuphezulu.
Njengoba kulungiswa okukhethekile, isitsha sesitshalo sizokhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi. Isihlahla asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukumelana okuphakathi kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. Uma kunqotshwa izinambuzane, ukwelashwa akudingi umzamo omkhulu.
