Yisiphi isitshalo esingukhokho weklabishi engadini, akekho owaziyo. Izwe leklabishi elimhlophe libhekwa njengogu olusenyakatho loLwandle iMedithera. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-4 eyedlule iklabishi lalivele selitshaliwe njengesitshalo. Ngezinsuku zikaKievan Rus, yayingeniswa isuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu futhi yathatha indawo yayo phakathi kwezinye izilimo zemifino. Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, kwakukhona izinhlobo ezingaba ngamashumi amathathu, futhi manje sekunamakhulu azo.
Incazelo nezimpawu zeklabishi elimhlophe
Ngokwesihlukaniso sesayensi, iklabishi engadini noma iklabishi elimhlophe (isiLatini Brássica olerácea) luhlobo lohlobo lwekhaphethi lomndeni weCabbage (Cruciferous). Iklabishi yisitshalo semvelo esinamakhambi eminyaka emibili, kanye nezithelo zaso.
Isitshalo sinesiqu esiphansi samahlamvu anenani elikhulu lamaqabunga, akha irosette ezansi. Emnyakeni wokuqala wezimila, amaqabunga, afaneleke komunye nomunye futhi anwebeka eduze kwesiqu (isiphunzi), akha inhloko yeklabishi, edliwayo. Izinhloko zeklabishi zingaba nobumba obufekethisiwe, obuyindilinga, obuyindilinga, obufana nobubanzi. Ngonyaka wesibili, amahlumela amade (afinyelela ku-1.5 m) aqhakaza lapho izithelo zakheka ngendlela yamadumba ngembewu.
Iklabishi emhlophe - isitshalo semvelo esinamakhambi eneminyaka emibili
Ekuphekeni, iklabishi isetshenziswa eluhlaza (amasaladi), ethosiwe futhi ifotshwa, kanti izitsha ezahlukahlukene ziyaphekwa (iklabishi eliqhutshiwe, ukuhanjiswa kweklabishi, ukugcwaliswa, i-casseroles, isobho seklabishi, i-borscht, njll.). Inani lokupheka okuhlukahlukene kwezitsha zeklabishi limane elingenakubalwa.
Ukwakheka kwe-biochemical kweklabishi kuhlukile, kuqukethe: i-fiber, amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, ama-organic acid kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen. Inani le-vithamini C (30-70 mg / 100 g) liqhathaniswa nokuqukethwe kwalo kulamula. Kukhona nama-vithamini PP, E, A, U, amavithamini B amaningi kanye namaminerali ahlukahlukene.
Iklabishi liqukethe izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni
Iklabishi njengomthombo we-Vitamin U, okuyi-antiulcer factor, isetshenziselwa izifo zepheshana lesisu. Ijusi evela emacembe isiza ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi, isuse i-cholesterol kanye noketshezi oluningi emzimbeni. Umuthi owaziwayo wabantu wezinqubo zokuvuvukala yiqabunga leklabishi.
Kwezinye izimo, iklabishi lingaba yingozi: nge-pancreatitis, i-acute enterocolitis, ukwanda kwe-acidity yesisu, ukuthambekela kwama-spasms wamathumbu nama-bile ducts, kuyaphikiswa, ngoba kungacasula ulwelwesi lwe-mucous lomgudu wokugaya ukudla futhi lubangele nobuhlungu obukhulu.
Iklabishi elimhlophe lifana kakhulu neklabishi elibomvu ne-Savoy iklabishi. Ihlukile kwelinye iklabishi hhayi ngokubukeka kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izakhiwo eziningi.
- E-broccoli ne-cauliflower, ama-inflorescence ayingxenye edliwayo, ku-kohlrabi - igobile.
- AmaKohlrabi, ama-broccoli, amaBrussels amahlumela nekholifulawa agcinelwe ukugcinwa; lezi zinhlobo zeklabishi, ngokungafani neklabishi elimhlophe, azihlali zigciniwe isikhashana.
- Zonke ezinye izinhlobo zeklabishi zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwamaprotheni, amavithamini, ama-mic kanye nama-macro, futhi zinesakhiwo esihle kakhulu samaselula (ngaphandle kweklabishi elibomvu - i-fiber yakhona, kunalokho, i-coarser ukwedlula iklabishi elimhlophe).
Ngaphandle kokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zeklabishi zingaphezulu kweklabishi elimhlophe kokuqukethwe kwezakhi zomzimba, lokhu akunciphisi inani laso nokuthandwa ngenxa yezindleko zalo eziphansi, impilo yeshelufu enhle nezinye izakhiwo ezihlukile.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeklabishi
Irejista Yombuso Yokuzalela Okufezekisiwe kweRussian Federation iqukethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-400 kanye nzalo yeklabishi elimhlophe. Ngokuvuthwa, izinhlobo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo: ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuvuthwa kokukhula, imaphakathi sekwephuzile, ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile.
Ithebula: Izinhlobo ezithandwayo zeklabishi elimhlophe ngokuvuthwa
| Iqembu lezinhlobonhlobo nabamele ababalulekile | Sebenzisa | Impilo yeshelf |
|---|---|---|
| Izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa (izinsuku ezingama-90-120): NgoJuni, Dawn, Ditmar ekuqaleni, Aurora F1, Express F1, Amazon F1 | Ukusetshenziswa okusha | Akugcinwanga isikhathi eside |
| Mid-isizini (izinsuku eziyi-130-150): Ithemba, Inkazimulo 1305, iBelorussia 455, uNatasha F1, uRinda F1, eNew York F1 | Sebenzisa konke okusha nokwakha | Izinyanga eziyi-1-4 (kuya ngebanga) |
| I-Medium-late (izinsuku eziyi-150-170): Isipho, uBlizzard, umkhwekazi, uDobrovodskaya, Megaton F1, Aggressor F1 | Okokulanda nokugcina okufushane, nakho kungadliwa okusha | Izinyanga ezi-2-5 (kuya ngebanga) |
| Ukuvuthwa kwesikhashana (izinsuku eziyi-160-180) kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane amabili: | ||
| Universal: Ubusika beKharkov, i-Snow White, i-Ext1 F1, i-Orbit F1 | Kuhle ukukha kanye nokupheka | Kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha |
| Kuhloswe ukuthi kugcinwe isikhathi eside: Ubusika 1474, Lezhkiy F1, Amager 611, Kolobok F1, Atria F1 | Ngokugcina isikhathi eside (ezinye izinhlobo zingasetshenziswa ukukha) | Izinyanga eziyi-6-8 |
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo zeklabishi elimhlophe zenza ukuthi kube nokukhiqiza okusha kwalesi sitshalo unyaka wonke.
Ukufakelwa
Iklabishi lingatshalwa ezitshalweni nangokutshala imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ngokukhula iklabishi yokuqala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ngefudumalo, imbewu yezithombo ihlwanyelwa ngoJanuwari-uFebhuwari. Umnqamulajuqu wokutshala izithombo zeklabishi sekwephuzile okuvulekile enkabeni yeRussia kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho ukuphela kukaMeyi noma izinsuku zokuqala zikaJuni. Izithombo zikhule ekhaya noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Lapho ukutshala izithombo zezinhlobo zokuqala zamaklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile, uhlelo luyi-35-40x50 lubonwa, ngezinhlobo ezivuthiwe eziphakathi nendawo futhi sekwephuzile, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lenyuka laya ku-45-50x70-80.
Izithombo ezikhulwe iklabishi zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile
Lapho uhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile, gcina uhlelo lokutshala oluhambelana nesigaba sezinhlobonhlobo. Ekuqaleni, izilimo zivikelwe ngendwangu noma ngefilimu.
Ikhiqizwa kanjani iklabishi?
Uma kubonakala kumuntu ukuthi ungathatha imbewu esitshalweni esikhiphe ngephutha umcibisholo ngonyaka wokuqala wezimila, khona-ke leli yiphutha elikhulu. Izitshalo ezikhula kulezi zinhlamvu zingahle zingagcini izakhiwo zezinhlobo ezithile futhi zingahle zingaholi. Kukhona imithetho yokuthola ikhwalithi yembewu yeklabishi.
Ungayithola kanjani imbewu
Ukutshala okugcwele kungatholakala kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kweklabishi. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha okuqinile, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zezifo, amakhanda iklabishi, abizwa ngokuthi amaseli endlovukazi. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, zisuswa ngezimpande nenhlama yomhlaba. Ngaphambi kokubekwa kwisitoreji ekhanda leklabishi shiya amashidi amboze ambozwe ngu-2-3 Iklabishi ligoviniwe ngomlotha wokhuni, lugxishwe ohlelweni lwezimpande kubumba lobumba futhi lugcinwe ekushiseni ngo-1-2 ° C.
NgoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli, iziqu zinqunywa zibe yisigaxa ukuze izinso ezingaphezulu zihlale zinjalo, kanti amatholethi esixotsheni angamasentimitha angama-2-3 ubude. Imithungo elungiselelwe ibekwe ku-peat emanzi noma kumus humus. Izitshalo zomama zitshalwa ngo-Ephreli noma engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi. Beka iziqu ngasekoneni bese ugaya engxenyeni yekhanda.
I-Kocherigi (yotshwala bomama) inqunywa ibe sesimweni sesigaxa kanti lapho betshala, bangcwatshwa ngaphansi kwekhanda
Ibanga phakathi kwezivivinyo zezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo kufanele libe okungenani amamitha angama-500-600, uma kungenjalo impova kungenzeka. Imibhede inikezela ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile: okuniselwe, kukhululwe ukhula, ukhula, okunikezwe kabili ngomanyolo we-nitrogen. Qoqa imbewu njengoba pods uvuthwe futhi womile.
Ungakhula kanjani iklabishi kwisigaxa
Kungenzeka yini ukuba ungazitholi imbewu, kodwa esinye isivuno seklabishi kusuka esiphundu? Kungenzeka, kepha hhayi yonke indawo, futhi hhayi kunoma yisiphi isiphunzi. Kukhona okuhlangenwe nakho kwabalimi abathole izitshalo ezimbili ngesizini eyodwa kwisitshalo esifanayo, kodwa lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele lapho iklabishi yokuqala ikhula khona.
Lapho uvuna iklabishi yokuqala (ngokwesibonelo, iklabishi kaJuni) ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJulayi, ngemuva kokusika amakhanda iklabishi, iziqu kushiywe emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, amakhanda amancane weklabishi azoqala ukwakha kuma-axils amaqabunga. Bayalwa ukuba bathambe bese beshiya amakhabethe amabili esiqwini ngasinye. Amaqabunga aphansi kusuka emakhanda edlule awadabuli ukuze kugcinwe umswakama ongcono. Futhi-ke ukuchelela, ukukhulula, ukugqoka okuphezulu - konke kujwayelekile. Futhi maphakathi no-Septhemba, kutholakala isivuno semakhanda seklabishi esinesisindo esingama-500-700 amagremu.
Ukunakekelwa kweklabishi langaphandle
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi kuzidingo zokutshala iklabishi, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungahambelani okungenani nolunye lazo kuzosithinta kabi isivuno. Udinga nje hhayi ukwephula imithetho - futhi konke kuzophumelela.
Izidingo zenhlabathi kanye nokujikeleza kwezitshalo
Iklabishi lingakhula enhlabathini ehlukahlukene, ngaphandle kwesanti elikhanyayo nelitshe elichobozekile, eligcina umswakama kabi. Inhlabathi ekahle yeklabishi ilamula evundile enesakhiwo esikhanyayo namabhodi aphansi we-peat. Inhlabathi enjalo iyakwazi ukugcina umswakama futhi ngasikhathi sinye ibe khona kahle emoyeni. I-asidi enkulu yi-pH6.4-7.0. Inhlabathi ye-Acidic idinga ukukhawulela yonke iminyaka engama-5-6. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekwindla, kanye nokumba, yenza ufulawa we-dolomite noma i-fluff lime ngo-5 kg / 10 m2.
Iklabishi alikwazi ukwakhiwa kabusha endaweni eyodwa, futhi futhi liyitshala emva kwezitshalo ezinye ezibethelwe ngaphambili kunasemva kweminyaka engama-3-4. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nokushintshwa kwezilimo kanye nokutshalwa kwezilimo ezihlobene eduze neklabishi kuholela ekusakazweni kwezifo okukhona kulolu hlobo lwesitshalo. Iklabishi likhula kahle ngemuva kwe-haze, liliaceae, solanaceae kanye ne-legumes, futhi laba bangomakhelwane bayo abahle kakhulu.
Ukukhanya nokushisa
Iklabishi lifuneka ngokukhanyayo futhi alibekezeleli umthunzi omncane. Indawo okulinywe kuyo kufanele ivulwe ngokuphelele. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, amaqabunga aqala ukukhula ngokushesha, futhi amakhanda eklabishi kungenzeka angakheki nhlobo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle izitshalo, ubude bokukhanya kosuku kufanele bube amahora angama-16-18.
Indawo yokutshala iklabishi ikhethiwe ivulekile futhi inekwe kahle
Iklabishi laziwa njengesitshalo esingabandisi ukubanda. Izinga lokumelana kwalo namazinga okushisa aphansi kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo kanye nesigaba sokukhula kwesitshalo. Ukuhluma kwembewu kuqala emazingeni okushisa ayi-2-3 ° C. Izinga lokushisa elilungele ukuvela okusheshayo kwezithombo ngu-18-20 ° C. Izithombo zikhula kahle ngo-12-15 ° C. Izithombo eziqinile nezigxishwe emhlabathini ovulekile zingamelana namaconsi okushisa we -7 ° C ngesikhathi sokuqandana kwesikhashana. Ezitshalweni ezindala, izinga lokushisa elingu-15-18 kuya ku-25 ° C lilungele kangcono intuthuko enhle. Eningizimu yeRussia, okungavimbeli ukushisa ekushiseni okuphezulu kubuna. Amakhanda avuthiwe weklabishi angamelana nezinga lokushisa lisuka ku-2 ° C liye ku-80 ° C, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo.
Izidingo zomswakama, ukuchelela ne-hilling
Umswakama omkhulu womhlabathi wokukhula iklabishi ngu-80%, umoya - 50-75%. Uma iklabishi selikhulele ukugcinwa ebusika isikhathi eside, khona-ke umswakama womhlabathi ohlobene engxenyeni yesibini yesikhathi sokukhula kufanele ube ngu-70-75%. Ngokuntuleka komswakama, iklabishi alikhuliswanga kahle futhi azikho amakhanda akhiwa.
Ithebula: isikhathi nezindlela zokunisela iklabishi
| Izinsuku Zokuphuza | Ukunisela imvamisa | Amanani wokunisela |
|---|---|---|
| Ngemuva kokutshala izithombo amasonto amabili | Isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku ezingama-3-4 (isomiso njalo ngosuku olunye) | 1-1,5 amalitha ngesitshalo ngasinye |
| Emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokutshala izithombo ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula kwekhanda | Isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku ezingama-4-7 (kaningi esomeni) | 8-10 amalitha nge 1 m2 |
| Kusukela ekuqaleni ukukhula kwamakhanda iklabishi | Zonke ezinye izinsuku | 15-20 l nge-1 m2 |
| Emavikini ama-2 ngaphambi kokuvunwa Emavikini la-4 ngaphambi kwekuvunela iklabishi lekuhloswe ngalo ukugcina lithuba ebusika | Ukunisela ayeke | |
Imvamisa nezindlela zokunisela ziyaguqulwa kuya ngesilinganiso semvula. Kunconywa ukuthi inhlabathi igcinwe isesimweni esinjalo lapho kubanjwa isigaxa somhlaba, uma sisongelwe phakathi kweminwe, sinamathela ndawonye sibe yibhola. Uma inhlabathi idilika, idinga ukuniselwa. Naphezu kwezidingo zomswakama, iklabishi alithandi ukugcwala kwamanzi. Ukuswakama ngokweqile kungaholela ekusakazeni kwezifo zokukhunta namakhanda aqhekeka.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, iklabishi liniselwa njalo.
Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lokhu enhlabathini esindayo. Ukuvula imvamisa kuvame ukuhlanganiswa ne-hilling. I-hilling yokuqala yezinhlobo zokuqala yenziwa emasontweni ama-2 ngemuva kokufakelwa. Iklabishi sekwephuzile iqala ukuthwalwa ngandlela thile kamuva - ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu. Ngemuva kwaloko bachubeka kukhula njalo emavikini lamabili bese benta loku kuze kube kuvala emacembe.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Iklabishi lithatha izakhi zomzimba eziningi enhlabathini, ngakho-ke lidinga ukondliwa, inani lazo lincike ngenkathi yokukhula, futhi liyancishiswa ngezinhlobo zokuqala.
Ithebula: izinsuku nemikhuba yokudla iklabishi
| Izikhathi Zokudla | Ukwakheka kwengxube yezakhi ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi | Umthamo isitshalo ngasinye |
|---|---|---|
| Emavikini langu-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini | Inketho eyodwa:
| 150-200 ml |
| Isikhathi sokuqala kokubunjwa kwamakhanda | Inketho eyodwa:
| 500 ml |
| Izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu emva kokugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu (ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zokuqala - azisadliwa) | 2 wezipuni ze-superphosphate, 15 g womanyolo onezici zokulandela umkhondo | 1 ilitha |
| Izinsuku ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokuvunwa (kuphela izinhlobo sekwephuzile ukuze amakhanda iklabishi agcinwe kangcono) | Inketho eyodwa:
| 1 ilitha |
Uma kwenziwa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi sokutshala, khona-ke ingubo yokuqala ephezulu kungcono ukungayenzi. Umanyolo we-nitrogen ongaphezulu unqwabelana emakhanda iklabishi ngohlobo lwe-nitrate bese kuba nzima ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo.
Ividiyo: iklabishi elimhlophe elikhula endle
Ukunakekelwa kweklabishi elibamba ukushisa
Ukuthola isivuno sokuqala seklabishi, kusetshenziswa izithombo zokugcina izithombo. Lapho kukhula iklabishi endlini, kunezici ezithile ezidinga ukucatshangelwa.
Izidingo zomhlabathi obamba ukushisa
Umhlabathi wegreenhouse ungasetjenziswa kwemvelo kanye nenqwaba. Ungqimba olimekayo kufanele okungenani lube ngama-25-30 cm. Ukusuka ekwindla, i-12-13 kg / m ingeniswa emhlabathini wemvelo2 humus.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi enkulu, kungenza enye yezingoma ezilandelayo (%):
- i-lowland peat - 40, umhlaba we-turf - 40, umquba - 20 (ihhashi elinokuqukethwe okungu-50% we-sawdust);
- i-lowland peat - 60, umhlaba we-turf - 20, umquba wezinkomo - 20;
- umhlaba we-turf - 80, humus - 20;
- umhlaba we-turf - 50-60, sawdust ehlanganisiwe - 20-10, humus - 30-40.
Isakhiwo somhlabathi kufanele sikhanye. Ekwakhekeni kwalezi zingxube zenhlabathi zokusikisela kwazo okukhulu engeza i-sawdust, usike utshani njalonjalo.
Ukukhanya nokushisa
Ezikhathini lapho iklabishi lingenakho ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele, izitshalo ezihlala endaweni ebamba ukushisa zidinga ukukhanyiselwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izibani ezinokukhanya okugcwele kwelanga emisebeni yazo. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, izithombo zikhanyiswa isonto lonke, bese zikhanyiselwa amahora angama-7-10 ngosuku.
Lapho ukutshala imbewu yezithombo ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume amahlumela, izinga lokushisa lomoya eliyi-18-20 ° C. Kungakapheli isonto kuqhamuke izithombo, izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lehliselwa ku-6-8 ° C, nesikhathi sasemini - kuya ku-8-10 ° C. Ngemuva kwalokho, esimeni sezulu esishisa kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lomoya ligcinwa ebangeni le-15-18 ° C, ngezinsuku ezinamafu - 14-16 ° C, ebusuku - 12-14 ° C. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi kufanele kube phakathi kuka-15-17 ° C. Ukuze wonge amandla ngesikhathi seqhwa elinamandla, imibhede ingafakwa okwesikhashana ngezinto zokumboza.
Ividiyo: ukukhosela kweklabishi lakuqala ku-greenhouse kusuka kusithwathwa esibuyayo
Izidingo zomswakama, ukuchelela nokugqoka okuphezulu
Lapho sinisela iklabishi ku-greenhouse, kanye nasemhlabathini ovulekile, azivumeli ukuthi zibambe amanzi noma zomise inhlabathi. Umswakama ohlobene nomhlabathi ovaliwe kufanele ube ngu-75-80%. Ukuqukethwe kwenhlabathi enomswakama kungama-80-85%.Ukuze wandise umswakama, ukuchelela kusetshenziselwa ukunisela, futhi ukunciphisa lokho, abamba ukushisa kuyenziwa.
Ukwandisa umswakama ku-greenhouse, ngokunisela iklabishi ngefafaza
Ngemuva kokusika izithombo kwezingcambu endaweni eqhubekayo, izitshalo zondliwa kabili.
Ithebula: izinsuku nezinhlobo zikakhanyisi zokufaka umanyolo lapho zikhule endaweni ebamba ukushisa
| Izikhathi Zokudla | Ukwakheka kwengxube yezakhi nge-1m2 |
|---|---|
| Isonto elilodwa nohhafu kuya emasontweni amabili emva kokudlulisa izithombo | I-10-15 g ye-ammonium nitrate, 20-25 g ye-superphosphate, i-10-15 g ye-potassium sulfate, 10 l wamanzi |
| Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwekhanda | 20 g we-ammonium nitrate, 30-40 g we-superphosphate, 15-20 g we-potassium sulfate, 10 l wamanzi |
Ngokugqoka okuphezulu, ungasebenzisa futhi umanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-nitroammofoska, azofoska, Crystal, Ecoplant, Master. Ukugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande kanye nokufakwa kahle kwezakhi zomsoco, kusetshenziswa izimpande i-biostimulants Agrful, Thekamin, Rice nabanye.
Izici zokutshalwa kweklabishi elimhlophe ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene
Njengoba izimo zezulu ezilinganisweni ezahlukahlukene zihlukile komunye nomunye, ukutshala iklabishi elimhlophe esifundeni ngasinye kunemininingwane yalo yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Izici zeklabishi ezikhulayo ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha
Isimo sezulu sasesifundeni saseMoscow sibonakaliswa yisimo sezulu esinamafu. Azikho izinsuku eziningi ezinelanga. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iklabishi liyisitshalo esingamelana nokubanda, isimo sezulu sentwasahlobo esingazinzile singadala izinkinga lapho sikhule ekuqaleni.
Iklabishi kulesi sifunda selikhuliswa ikakhulu kuzithombo. Amathuba wokuyikhulisa emhlabathini ovulekile kusuka ezinhlanzini nawo awafakwa eceleni, kepha kulokhu, ukugcinwa kwezithombo kufanele kunikezwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esishisayo esishisayo. Enye yezinketho zokukhulisa iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile ukusetshenziswa kwemibhede efudumele. Njengoba ingekho imvula engaka ezindaweni ezihlala ehlobo, ukunisela kufanele kunikezwe ngokukhethekile.
Esifundeni saseMoscow, imibhede efudumele isetshenziselwa ukutshala iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile
Izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka, njengomthetho, kusenesikhathi, ukuvuthwa kuya maphakathi sekwephuzile, ngoba ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile kungenzeka kungavuthwa. Izinhlobo zezinto ezihloliwe zithandwa njengeNkazimulo, iGrad Gribovsky, Isipho. Kukhona nezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuzala eziye zasebenza kahle kulesi sifunda.
Izici zeklabishi ezikhulayo eSiberia
Izimo ezinzima zesimo sezulu azivumeli ukukhula iklabishi elimhlophe kusuka imbewu eSiberia emhlabathini ovulekile. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi uyikhulise ngendlela yesithombo. Ehlobo elifushane akuvumeli ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo ezivuthwa sekwephuzile ngesizini ende ekhulayo, ngakho-ke bakhetha izinhlobo ezivuthiwe ezivuthwa futhi eziphakathi nendawo ezifika ngasekupheleni okunikeza isivuno esihle kule ndawo. Izinhlobo ezahlukaniswa nezimo zezulu zaseSiberia zakhiwe eWest Siberian Vegetable Testimental Station esiseNyakatho ezivimbela izifo ezitholakala kule ndawo. Okudume kakhulu kubo: Iphoyinti, uSibiryachka 60, uNadezhda, uBlizzard, owokugcina, uThelisman F1.
Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zitshalwa engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, ezinsukwini ezingama-50-55 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Ekuqaleni, uma kunikezwe isimo sezulu, imibhede iyambozwa. Ngo-Agasti, iklabishi yezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo seziqalile ukudliwa okusha, futhi ezisetshenziselwa ukukha amanzi. NgoSepthemba, iklabishi eliphakathi nendawo selibuthwa, elibekelwe ukugcinwa.
Izici zeklabishi ezikhulayo e-Urals
Isimo sezulu esingazinzile se-Urals sibonakala ngoshintsho olukhulu ekushiseni nasekunyakazeni okukhulu kwezindimbane zomoya. NgoMeyi, ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kokushisa kungabhekwa: kusuka ekushiseni ngesikhathi sasemini kuya kusihlwa kusihlwa. Ngo-Okthoba, iqhwa lingawa.
Izithombo zitshalwa ekhaya, ezindlini zokugcina izithombo noma emibhedeni efudumele. Esiwombeni sokuqala noma sesibili senyanga kaMeyi, sitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Imibhede imbozwe nge-spanbond eminyene, evikela izitshalo emazingeni okushisa aphansi ebusuku nezinambuzane. Indlela ephumelelayo ukusebenzisa izithombo zemibhede ngefilimu emnyama ukuvikela inhlabathi emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Ukuvikela ngokumelene nesithwathwa sentwasahlobo, imibhede yeklabishi e-Urals imbozwe nge-spanbond
Izinhlobo zaseklabishi zaseSiberia zikhula kahle e-Urals, njengaseNadezhda naseBlizzard, kanye neminye inzalo (Megaton, Atria, Aggressor, njll.) Iklabishi eliphakathi nendawo le-Losinoostrovskaya lithandwa kakhulu, elibonakaliswa ukwanda okungafani ne-keel futhi kusetshenziswa okusha futhi njengokulanda.
Izici zeklabishi ezikhulayo enkabeni yeRussia
Isimo sezulu esishisayo sezwekazi eliphakathi neRussia esimaphakathi nesithwathwa esineqhwa, ebusika nesithokomele futhi efudumele, futhi kufanele kube njalo ehlobo iklabishi elithandayo iklabishi. Ezindongeni eziphakathi nendawo, iklabishi livame ukutshala ezitshalweni. Kodwa-ke, njengamanje, ngenxa yokushisa okubalulekile kwesimo sezulu enkabeni yeRussia, lapho kuhlwanyelwa imbewu endaweni evulekile, nzalo sekwephuzile evuthwa ngokuvuthwa kwezinsuku ezingama-160-170.
Ithebula: isikhathi sokutshala imbewu nokutshala izithombo enkabeni yeRussia
| Izinhlobonhlobo ubude besikhathi sezitshalo | Izinsuku zokutshala imbewu yezithombo | Isikhathi sokukhula kwezithombo | Izinsuku zokutshala izithombo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuvuthwa kokuqala | Mashi 1-15 | Izinsuku ezingama-45-60 | Meyi 1-15 |
| Isizini ephakathi | Ephreli 20 - Meyi 10 | Izinsuku ezingama-35-45 | Meyi 15-30 |
| Ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile | Mashi 15 - Ephreli 10 | Izinsuku ezingama-30- 35 | Meyi 10-25 |
Ngokutshala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, kuyadingeka ukufaka ukufudumeza ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe, ngoba isithwathwa senzeka maphakathi neRussia ngaleso sikhathi.
Izinhlobo zomuntu ngamunye noma inzalo yeklabishi eseleyo sekwephuzile nokuvuthwa okuphakathi kokukhula (ngokwesibonelo, ibanga eliphakathi nendawo lokuvuthwa iServa 1305, nzalo esephuze kaValentin, Kolobok, Garant) ingatshalwa ngendlela engenazbewu.
Izici zeklabishi ezikhulayo eMpumalanga Ekude
Isimo sezulu saseMpumalanga Ekude saziwa ngokungafani. Kuboniswa izinguquko ezibukhali ekushiseni, ebusika nakwezikhathi zasehlobo ezipholile. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulu nokubekwa kwamakhanda eklabishi, izinga lokushisa lomoya lingabonakala. NgoJulayi-Septhemba, kunetha kakhulu imvula, okuholela ekunikezelweni kwamanzi kwenhlabathi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ekusakazekeni kwegciwane le-bacteriosis.
Kulesi sifunda, kukhethwa izinhlobo ezilwa nesithwathwa ezinesikhathi esifushane sokukhula, kanye nokumelana nezifo nokuqhekeka. EMpumalanga Ekude, izinhlobo ezindala ezihloliwe (iSlava, iPodarok, iBlizzard, iJuni ekuqaleni nezinye) zizibonakalise kahle. Kepha izinhlobo ezihlikiwe kanye nzalo zihlukile ezithelweni eziphakeme, njenge-Artost, iShukela ibhola, uNatasha, uKukharka, u-Aggressor, iSiphepho, iPrimorochka. Iklabishi yokuqala evuthiwe neyephuzile kulezi zindawo ikhule ezitshalweni.
Ezindaweni ezinomswakama omkhulu, kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-agrotechnical efana nokukhulisa iklabishi emigqeni noma emigqeni. Uma ingaphezulu lomhlabathi linomthambeka omncane nokubaleka okuhle, khona-ke kungcono ukutshala iklabishi emigqeni. Uma isiza sitholakala ezweni eliphansi futhi singagcwala isikhashana, kungcono ukhethe amabala, ngoba umswakama owedlulele ubashiya ngokushesha.
Muva nje, umkhuba wobuchwepheshe be-ridge ridge usuvame kakhulu. Engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo, lapho isimo sezulu sesomile, iklabishi litshalwa emigqomeni, efaneleke ukulondolozwa komswakama. Maphakathi nehlobo, ekuqaleni kwenkathi yesishingishane sika-Agasti, kuba ngamagabha amabili aphezulu aqhamukayo, lapho umswakama okweqile ushiya ungcono.
Ezinye izindlela zokukhula iklabishi
Abalimi kanye nochwepheshe bafuna futhi basebenzise izindlela ezintsha zokukhulisa iklabishi, ezisiza ukwenza lula ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo. Babuye bathola amathuba okukhula kwesilimo esihle salesi sitshalo ezimweni zamanzi alinganiselwe.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukhule iklabishi ngaphandle kokunisela
Umbuzo onjalo ubuzwa yilabo balimi ababhekene nenkinga yokuhlinzekelwa okunganele komhlaba ngomswakama. Ngokuphathelene nombuso wamanzi, iklabishi lingeleqembu lezitshalo ezifunwa kakhulu kumswakama.
Ezincwadini ezikhulayo zemifino uzothola imininingwane elandelayo: uma kungatshalwa inhloko eyodwa yeklabishi lebanga sekwephuzile ngesizini, kudingeka ama-200 l amanzi (umgqomo), bese kuthi isihlahla esisodwa samazambane sibe ngu-100 l (uhhafu wesigaxa). Lapha ngithintwa ukungazi kwabantu ngethemba lokuthola isivuno ngaphandle kokunisela.
Pavel Trannua
IGolden School of Horticulture Eksmo Moscow 2015
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukhule iklabishi ngaphandle kokunisela. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamasu ezolimo anomthelela ekugcinweni kokuswakama enhlabathini kuzosiza kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi lapho kukhula lesi sitshalo. Kulokhu, kunconywa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Dala izimo zokugcinwa kweqhwa ngokulimaza okujulile ekwindla ngokwakhiwa kweziqongo eziphakeme.
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukuthambisa kwenhlabathi kwenziwa. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvimbela umswakama odonsa ngamandla ama-capillaries kanye nokuhwamuka kwawo.
- Vikela ukutshala okujulile kwenhlabathi, ukuvuleka komzimba kuvimbela ukwakheka kokuqothuka kwenhlabathi.
- Iklabishi likhule ngendlela engesiyo imbewu, futhi kwakheka uhlelo lwezimpande olunamandla ngokwengeziwe, oluthatha amanzi kangcono.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bezolimo obusindisa umswakama kuhlangene nokukhethwa kwezinhlobo zamakhemikhali ezingalweli isomiso (Mozharskaya, Yuzhanka-31, Braunschweika, Amtrak, Bronco) kuzosiza ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi uma kukhula lesi sitshalo esithanda umswakama.
Ukukhula ngaphansi kwamabhodlela epulasitiki
Lapho kukhula iklabishi kusuka enhlanyelweni evulekile, amabhodlela epulasitiki angasetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlala yezitshalo. Le ndlela isheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo, iwavikele kwizinambuzane, futhi isiza nokugcina umswakama nokushisa.
Emabhodleleni epulasitiki, ingxenye engezansi iyanqunywa, bese izigaxa zisala engxenyeni engenhla. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi embozwe ukuze imiphetho esisikiwe igxiliswe enhlabathini ngamasentimitha amathathu. Kuzungeze amabhodlela athululela umhlaba omncane.
Lapho izithombo zidinga ukuniselwa, zikwenza ngokusebenzisa intamo yamabhodlela. Izikhathi ezithile, izitshalo zingena umoya, ngoba zivula izembozo bese zishiya intamo ivulekile isikhashana. Lapho amaqabunga eklabishi eqala ukuthinta izindonga zamabhodlela, kususwa izindawo zokukhosela.
Ividiyo: iklabishi elimhlophe elikhula ngaphansi kwamabhodlela epulasitiki
Ukukhula ngaphansi kwefilimu ye-mulching
Ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu yepulasitiki yemibhede ye-mulching neklabishi kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvikelwa kwe-agrotechnical. Kwi-mulching, kusetshenziswa ifilimu esobala nelimnyama ngokuya ngesizini.
Ifilimu emnyama isiza ukufudumeza inhlabathi futhi igcine umswakama kuyo, ukhula lufe ngaphansi kwayo. Ifilimu libekwa emibhedeni yeklabishi elungiselelwe emavikini angama-3-4 ngaphambi kokufakelwa, ngalesi sikhathi lapho inhlabathi izofudumala khona. Ngokusho kwephethini yokutshala, ukusikeka okuyindilinga noma ukusikwa kwe-sefter kwenziwa kwifilimu futhi izithombo zitshalwe kulezi zimbobo. Banakekela izitshalo ngendlela efanayo nokujwayelekile: ziniselwa ngaphansi kwempande, zondliwe, ziphathwe izifo kanye nezilokazane.
Ngaphansi kwefilimu mulching, inhlabathi iyafudumala, umswakama uyagcinwa futhi ukhula alukhuli
Ehlobo, kusetshenziswa ifilimu elisobala, eligcotshwa kuqala. Bayibeka embhedeni onamanzi phakathi kwemigqa yeklabishi bese bayilungisa. Lolu hlobo lokufakwa mulching luvikela ukubukeka kokhula, futhi ligcina nomswakama enhlabathini.
I-Siderata yeklabishi
Umnyombo womquba oluhlaza ukukhulisa izitshalo ezinobunzima bazo obuluhlaza obusetshenziswa njengomanyolo we-organic. Indlela enjalo ye-agrotechnical isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezivulekile nasemagumbini okugcina izithombo.
Kuhlwanyelwa izitshalo zesitshalo noma izinhlobo zezitshalo zasendle ezothuthukisa inhlabathi nge-humus ne-nitrogen.
Ama-siderat amahle kakhulu eklabishi yi-legumes (i-melilot, i-alfalfa, i-nomad, i-vet, i-clover, i-lupine yonyaka, uphizi, ubhontshisi), okusanhlamvu (i-oats), i-hydrophils (phacelia), ukulimala kanye nabanye. Izingxube zezilimo zomquba eziluhlaza zingasetshenziswa, okuvame kakhulu kuzo ukuthi yi-vetch oat. Futhi ungahlanganisa i-phacelia, i-bhubu ne-clover emnandi ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 1: 2.
Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhule ama-siderat wokubethelwa ngaphambi kokutshala iklabishi. Ezinye izinhlamvu zikhipha inhlabathi kanzima ngakho-ke azifanele iklabishi njengezitshalo zaseceleni. Umgquba oluhlaza ongafanele weklabishi uzodlwengulwa, lwesinaphi esimhlophe, udlwengulwe, isithombo esigcotshwe uwoyela, i-rye nabanye.
Izifo kanye nezinambuzane iklabishi
Njengoba usuthathe isinqumo sokutshala iklabishi elimhlophe engadini yakho, kufanele ulungele iqiniso lokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, isiko lingathinteka izifo, futhi izinambuzane ezinambuzane zingaba nentshisekelo ngazo.
Izifo ezijwayelekile
Enye yezinto ezingathandeki ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo ukwanda kwe-acidity enhlabathini. Iklabishi lisengozini enkulu yezifo zokukhunta, ngoba imvelo enomswakama, edingekayo ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo, ilungele ukusakazeka kwamagciwane amancane we-fungal fungal.
Iklabishi ngalinye
Ngokunyuka kwe-acidity enhlabathini, isikhunta siyasakazeka, esidala isifo se-keel. I-pathogen ingena emhlabathini bese ithinta izimpande, ukukhula kuzo. Izitshalo ziyeka ukukhula, zibune futhi zikhiphe kalula emhlabathini. Wonke uthinta zonke izilimo ezibethelwa emthini. Akunakwenzeka ukusindisa i-keel egulayo. Izitshalo ezithelelekile ziyasuswa endaweni futhi zichithwe.
Ngesifo se-keel, kukhula ifomu ezimpandeni zeklabishi
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo i-Kiloy kwehliselwa kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- ukuhambisana kokujikeleza kwezitshalo;
- ukumiswa kwenhlabathi;
- izitshalo ezi-solanaceous, lilac kanye ne-haze zibhubhisa i-keel spores, zikhule ezindaweni ezinegciwane;
- ukucubungula izithombo kulethwe ohlangothini, Fitosporin, amalungiselelo nesibabule.
Umlenze omnyama
Lesi sifo sithinta izithombo. Intamo yomsuka iba mnyama, nesigaxa siba mncanyana, ngenxa yalokho isitshalo siphuka bese sifa. Lesi sifo sivela enhlabathini ene-asidi ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama ngokweqile enhlabathini, umoya omncane owanele, kanye nezinguquko zokushisa ngokuzumayo. Izinsalela zezitshalo ezinegciwane emhlabathini zifaka isandla ekugcinweni kwamagciwane emlenzeni omnyama.
Ngesifo somlenze omnyama, izithombo zeklabishi ziba mncane futhi ziqhekeke
Izindlela zokuzivikela zifaka ukumiselela inhlabathi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ukugcina ukulinganisela komswakama kanye nokushisa. Ukulwa nomlenze omnyama, kusetshenziswa iBordeaux, ephatha izindawo ezithintekile ngesilinganiso se-1 litre nge-1 m2.
I-Fusarium
Lesi sifo sibizwa nangokuthi fusarium wilting of iklabishi. I-pathogen ithinta izithombo zombili nezitshalo zabantu abadala. Amacembe ezithombo aphenduka aphuzi futhi afe, okuholela ekufeni kwawo. Ezitshalweni ezindala ezithintwe yiFusariosis, ngemuva kokushona kwamaqabunga, kusala ikhanda elincane elinqunu leklabishi. Engxenyeni yesiphambano yesiqu neqabunga le-petioles, izindandatho ezinsundu ezikhanyayo zemikhumbi zibonakala kahle. Umenzeli we-causative angasebenza emhlabathini iminyaka eminingana.
Eklabishi ethintwe yiFusarium, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi afe
Izitshalo ezithintekile zibhujiswa kanye nezimpande. Ukuvimbela kuqukethe ukubuka ukuzungeza kwezitshalo, ukusetshenziswa kwezimbewu ezinempilo, kukhawulele inhlabathi. Iklabishi imifino kanye nzalo ukuthi amelana Fusarium etshalwe ezindaweni onegciwane.
Ukubola okumpunga
Lesi sifo sivame ukwenzeka ngenkathi kugcinwa amakhanda eklabishi, futhi singathinta isitshalo sonke emvinini. Ukusabalala kwe-grey rot kuvusa ukuvuna ezimweni zezulu ezinamandla, ukulimala kwemishini emakhanda, iqhwa, kanye nokungahambisani nemibandela ezindaweni zokugcina iklabishi. Ugcotshwa ompunga, ompunga onama-pubescence uvela emakhanda eklabishi, aqukethe i-mycelium ne-pathogen spores. Kamuva, kwakheka amaqhubu amnyama kulezi zindawo.
Lapho kuthinteka ukuwohloka okungwevu emakhanda, kuvela ukugoqa okumpunga
Izinyathelo zokulwa nokubola grey zifaka phakathi ukuvuna okufika ngesikhathi, ukubhujiswa kwezinsalela zangemva kokuvunwa, ukubulala amagciwane okusheshayo kweklabishi, nezimo zokugcina (lokushisa kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-2 ° C).
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela izifo zeklabishi zehlela ekubulaleni imbewu, ukulandela imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo, kanye nokunciphisa umhlabathi. Futhi ngenkathi yesizini udinga ukwenza izindlela eziningana zokwelapha ngama-fungicides, njengeFitosporin, Ridomil, Polycarbocin nabanye.
Izinambuzane ezingaba khona iklabishi
Ukuze iklabishi ingahlushwa izinambuzane, udinga ukujwayelana nabamele babo abakhulu futhi ufunde ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo.
Iklabishi ye-aphid
Isinambuzane esiyingozi sosayizi omncane (kufika ku-2.2 mm), simhlophe noma siluhlaza. Ama-aphid amunca ujusi kuklabishi futhi angadala ingozi enkulu, njengoba ephindaphindeka kakhulu. Ukulwa nayo, ungasebenzisa ama-decoctions of wormwood kanye ne-tansy, tinctures we-horseradish noma upelepele oshisayo, kanye nama-insecticides.
Iklabishi ye-aphid incane (ifinyelela ku-2.2 mm), kepha ingaba yingozi kakhulu ngokuncela ujusi kusuka kumaqabunga eklabishi
I-Cruciferous flea
Encane, cishe 3 mm, ukweqa izimbungulu ezicwebezelayo, amaqabunga okudla - lokhu kuyindiza ebethelwayo ethinta zonke izitshalo zomndeni obethelwayo. Inhlama yisinambuzane esiyingozi kakhulu, uma ungayilwa nayo, khona-ke zonke izithombo zamaklabishi otshalwe emhlabathini zingahlupheka. Ukuxosha inkathazo, ama-marigolds, dill, izaqathe atshalwe emibhedeni yeklabishi. Ukucoliswa kwezitshalo ngomlotha wokhuni noma ngothuli likagwayi (kungahlanganiswa ne-lime egxilile ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo) kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nolwelwesi olubethelwa esiphambanweni.
I-Cruciferous flea - isilonda sebhhungane elinobungozi kakhulu
Slug
Lesi sinambuzane siyimollusk enomzimba ophekwe ngo-mucus odla amaqabunga eklabishi. Ama-Slugs anda kakhulu ezimeni zomswakama ophezulu. Ukulawula inkathazo ezungeze imibhede emincane, ungakha isithiyo ngesimo sokufafazwa okusheshayo noma ikheji elichobozekile. Uma inani lama-slugs libalulekile, bese usebenzisa isidakamizwa esinguThunder. Imiganu yayo ihlakazeke emigqeni yeklabishi ngesilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-3 nge-1 m2.
Izibungu zidla amaqabunga eklabishi
Isikhafu seklabishi
Ibhabhathane elingafakwanga umbala onsundu onsundu onamaphiko angaphansi kwamasentimitha amahlanu. Inkathazo ibekela amaqanda engaphansi kwamaqabunga. Amacimbi aqandusela emaqanda, okuthi, edla amaqabunga, awabhubhise masinyane. Imichilo yamaqanda eklabishi scoops ingalandwa ngesandla. Ezikhiqizweni zemvelo, iLepidocide noma iBitoxibacillin zinika imiphumela emihle.
Amacembe weklabishi scoops adla ngamaqabunga, izimvemvane ezingabonakali grey-brown
Kunezinambuzane eziningi zokuvimbela ukulimala kweklabishi ngezinambuzane, nokuzihlanganisa, njengoDecis, Fitoverm, Fufanon, Spark Dual Effect, Zemlin, Diazonin nabanye. Futhi futhi umphumela omuhle unikezwa ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zabantu ngendlela yezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene kanye ne-infusions.
Ividiyo: ukwelapha iklabishi kusuka ku-aphid kanye nama-slugs
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Izinhlobo zokuqala zeklabishi zivunwa ngoJuni-Julayi bese zidliwa ngokushesha. Mid-inkathi isikulungele ukuvuna ekupheleni kwehlobo, futhi kamuva ngoSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Iklabishi emvinini lingabekezelela iqhwa liye ku--5-7 ° C, ukusika amakhanda eklabishi kulokhu kushisa kuzokonakala. Uma isithwathwa senzeka ngaphambi kokuvunwa, kungcono ukuthi ungagawuli amakhanda eklabishi, kodwa linda kuze kube yilapho amaqabunga efriziwe ancitshisiwe. Ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu yokugcina amakhanda iklabishi aqoqwe kwisimo sezulu esomile ekushiseni kuka + 4-7 ° C.
Amakhanda avuthiwe weklabishi anqunywa ngommese, kusele amaqabunga aphansi nesigaxa eside esingu-3-4 cm. Amakhanda akhululiwe weklabishi asetshenziselwa ukukha amanzi, bese kuthi amaqabunga aqine anamaqabunga amabili angaphandle agcinwe ubusika.
Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokubeka iklabishi izinga lokushisa lisuka ku-0 liye ku-2 ° C ngomswakama ohlobene nama-90-98%. Izinhloko zeklabishi zibekwa phansi phansi ngokhuni noma ezintweni ezijabulisayo nge-kocherigami phezulu ebangeni elithile ukusuka komunye nomunye. Uma izimo zivuma, ungilengisa ngamabili amakhanda ahlanganisiwe kojantshi. Uma iklabishi ligoqiwe kubumba elihlanganisiwe bese lomiswa, lizogcinwa isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile.
Iklabishi ligcinwa ezitezi zokhuni ekushiseni kwe-0 kuya ku-2 ° C
Iklabishi emhlophe yathatha indawo yayo empilweni yomuntu waseRussia. Itshalwa yonke indawo, ivumelana nezimo zezimo zezifunda ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu akusho ukuthi lesi yisivuno esikhulu, kepha kusenezidingo ezithile zezimo zokutshala futhi ngaphandle kokuqaliswa kwazo, akufanele uthembele esivunweni esihle. Ngokukhetha okulungile kwezinhlobonhlobo kanye nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo, iklabishi lingatshalwa ngempumelelo endaweni evulekile nakwindawo eluhlaza okotshani.
