Abakhiqizi banamuhla bahlala behluleka ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezinamandla eziphikisanayo neziqinile.
Kodwa-ke, emncintiswaneni onjalo, izimfanelo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezintsha zivame ukuhlupheka, konke ukunethezeka kokuvuna kwamagilebhisi kanye nephunga elithokozelayo elimnandi elivusa inkanuko kude.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abalimi abaningi abanolwazi bazohlala bethembekile ezinhlobonhlobo zakudala, ezakhiwe ngekhulu elidlule.
Enye yalezi zinhlobo yiMvini weVolzhsky.
Naphezu kokuyinkimbinkimbi kokunakekela lezi zinhlobonhlobo, kunezinzuzo eziningi ezinzima ukuthola ezinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla. Mayelana nabo ngokuningiliziwe bese utshela ngezansi.
Incazelo of varietal izici zamagilebhisi "Volzhsky"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zakhiwe ngabalimi emuva ngo-1971, bewela le nhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yamagilebhisi.
Ngokuyinhloko, ingxube yempova evela kumagilebhisi afana no-Muscat Hamburg neWitis Amurenzis asetshenzisiwe. Ngesizo salo, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuthi "I-Firstborn of Kuibyshev" yayiyimpova, ngenxa yalokho okwakutholakala kuwo "amagilebhisi" eVolzhsky.
Ngokuyinhloko lokhuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi ikhule ensimini yeqembu eliphakathiizimo zakhe zezulu ezithandeka kakhulu kuye ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni. Kuze kube manje, akatholakali ezindaweni ezizimele, nakuba kunezici ezidingekayo, ngoba yizinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zomvini wezinhloso zetafula.
Futhi, amahlumela alezi zihlukahlukene ajwayele ukutshala izimboni ezindaweni ezinkulu.
Izici amagilebhisi amabhulashi izinhlobo "Volzhsky"
Amabhodlela "amagilebhisi" eVolzhsky anenhlonipho enhle kakhulu futhi afana nomumo omuhle kakhulu womzimba (ngezinye izikhathi awunayo i-shapeless). Ngezinye izikhathi iphiko elilodwa lingakha. Ngosayizi, ngokuvamile atholakala ephakathi nendawo enkulu, ephakathi ubude kusuka ku-12 kuya kwangu-23 amasentimitha.
Amajikijolo e-bunch afakwa ngokuqinile, uma leli qembu lingenalutho - ukulinganisa okuphakathi. Futhi, isici sabo esihlukanisayo siyisiqu esifushane kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ngezinye izikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukususa ama-bunches ezihlahleni, amajikijolo angonakaliswa.
Ukuziqhenya okubaluleke kunazo zonke amagilebhisi "Volzhsky" amajikijolo ayo.
Okokuqala, zinkulu ngobukhulu: ubude berry eyodwa bungaba cishe u-2.1 cm.
Okwesibili, banomumo ohambile, obuningi futhi obunzima kakhulu.
Okwesithathu, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama noma umbala omnyama kwenza lezi amajikijolo zikhangele futhi zikhangele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama iyamnandi futhi ithenda, lapho idla, kubonakala sengathi ivele ixubane emlonyeni. Ngokuvamile, ukunambitheka kuvumelana kakhulu.
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amagilebhisi anjalo afana kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Amursky, kodwa sishesha ukukukwazisa ukuthi akanalo ukunambitheka okuqondile nokuthi kufana nalokho ku-Amursky kungaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi okuhlongozwayo nakho kunomqondo ophezulu ushukela owenziwe ujusi, okufinyelela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okukhishwayo - kusuka ku-14 kuya kuma-17% (lapho-ke, lapho i-asidi yayo ingaphezulu kuka-9 g / l).
Imigomo yokuvuthwa isitshalo kanye nomthamo wevini lamagilebhisi "Volzhsky"
Inzuzo enkulu yalezi zihlukahlukene ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kwezithelo zawo, okwenza kube lula ukukhula "amagilebhisi" eVolzhsky endaweni ephakathi. Uvuthwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi, cishe izinsuku ezingu-125-135 zonyaka okhulayo wesihlahla (lesi yisikhathi lapho isihlahla sinezikhathi zokuqhakaza futhi senze isivuno). Ngakho-ke, ukuvuthwa okukhishwayo kwezithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo kuya ekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba.
Ngokuqondene nezinto ezikhethekile ze-fruiting, ungakwazi ukuqoqa izitshalo zokuqala ezihlahleni ezitshalwe kwisayithi lakho ngonyaka wesithathu (uma izitshalo ezineminyaka emibili zitshalwe, noma indlela yokufakelwa kwesitokisi ngezinkuni eziningi ezingasetshenziswa).
Isihlahla sinamandla amakhulu okukhula., kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ujabulisa ngokuvuna okwanele: uma isihlahla sakhiwa yi-multi-arm fans method, bese kuthi eminyakeni engu-3-5 iyokhiqiza cishe ama-4-6.5 kilogram amajikijolo amahle. Kodwa emahlathini amadala futhi ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-agrotechnology, lezi zihlahla zingenza kalula zibe yi-14 kilogram yezithelo ezinkulu nezithelo ezivuthiwe.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nokulwa nezifo zamagilebhisi nokuvimbela
Kungani lezi zivini zidinga ukutshala: isithunzi samagilebhisi "Volzhsky"
- Ithebula elihle kakhulu lamagilebhisi anambitheka kakhulu futhi isikhathi sokuvuthwa esikudala.
- Ukuqothula kahle kwe-cuttings nokuvumelanisa nezihlahla ekukhuleni emkhakheni wesigaba esiphakathi sezulu.
- Ukutholakala kwembali yobungqingili, ngenxa yokuthi ama-inflorescences ehlathini aphethwe yi-100%, futhi amajikijolo awawona ama-peas.
- Ihlumela uvuthwe ngokugculisayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuvunwa okuhle.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekene nokuphikiswa okuphezulu kwezifo ze-fungal ezivame ukuthinta izivini - isikhutha kanye nomfutho ompunga.
Ububi bezinhlobonhlobo noma kungani kulahlekelwa ukuthandwa kwawo kwangaphambili
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi ngamunye kunezinselelo zalo, ezizibonakalisa ngokwazo ngezinga elihlukahlukene.
Izinkinga ezibalulekile kunazo zonke amagilebhisi "Volzhsky" yilo ukumelana okuncane ku-frost nokunakekelwa okunamandla kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuze uzuze isivuno esikhulu, kufanele uphuthumele kahle esihlahleni nasendaweni lapho ikhula khona. Kubantu besikhathi samanje abamatasa, lokhu akuyona nje ukunethezeka okuvumelekile, ngenxa yalokhu bavame ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinamagilebhisi ezinomsoco nokuzinakekela okulula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iwayini elithi "Volga" liyizinto ezihlukahlukene zokumboza, amajikijolo alo aqukethe imbewu engu-2-3. Kwabaningi, bachitha kakhulu izizwa zokunambitheka kwamajikijolo, okungawunaki lokho okuhlukahlukene.
Indlela yokutshala amagilebhisi "Volzhsky" kusayithi lakho: amathiphu eningiliziwe
Lokhu kuzalwa kwamagilebhisi kunanda ngokulula. Kwanele nje ukuthola indlela yokutshala futhi uqhubeke nokulungiselela.
Phakathi kwezindlela ezikhona zokusakazwa kwezihlahla zamagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo zeVolzhsky, ukutshala izithombo kuhle kakhulu, nakuba kungenzeka ukugxilisa ama-cuttings kanye negatsha kusukela esihlahleni esikhulile. Noma kunjalo, indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.
Ngenxa yezimbewu ezitshalwe ezimpandeni zakho, ungaba ngu-100% oqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzothula i-shrub yenhlobo eyokhula ngayo. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu konke ukukhubazeka kwalo kuzovela.
Lapho kuhlanganiswa "i-Volzhsky" yamagilebhisi esitokisini esinamandla okukhulayo nesineqhwa, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwandise kakhulu ukuzala kwayo nokumelana nayo, noma kunjalo, i-fruiting ingashintsha ngokulinganayo kuphela kodwa nekhwalithi. Ukusabalalisa ngamathompi kunezinzuzo ezifanayo kanye nokulimala njengokutshala izithombo, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.
Indlela yokukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala amagilebhisi "Volzhsky"
Njengoba inkathi ekhulayo yesihlahla salezi zinhlobonhlobo ihlala isikhathi eside, inani elikhulu lokushisa kwelanga nokukhanya kuyadingeka ukuze kuvuthwe isivuno ngesikhathi esifanele futhi siphumelele. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo akunjalo uma zitshalwe emthunzini.
Kungcono ukukhetha indawo engxenyeni eningizimu yesakhiwo sakho, ukuze kungabi namthunzi owela emagilebhisi ezakhiweni noma kwezinye izitshalo nemithi. Futhi ohlangothini oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga yalesi sakhiwo luzosebenza kahlengoba futhi isikhathi eside sosuku sikhanyiswa ilanga.
Enye i-nuance ebalulekile okumelwe icatshangelwe uma kukhula zonke izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi bavikele emoyeni osenyakatho abandayo.
Futhi, kuyingozi kakhulu ukutshala amahlathi ezindaweni eziphansi, lapho umoya obandayo ungadla khona isikhathi eside. Mayelana nalokhu, amagilebhisi ahlaba umhlaba ezindaweni eziphakemeyo futhi angcono kakhulu, eduze kwezindonga zezindlu ezivikela njengomoya. Phela, ingozi yokuchazwa kwezimo zezulu zemvelo ngesikhathi esiqhakazayo ilingana nokulahlekelwa isitshalo noma ipea yalo.
Futhi, ukukhula kahle kwesihlahla somvini kanye nokuvunwa kwayo, kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi ibe nenhlabathi evundile ngangokunokwenzeka. Inhlabathi emnyama ilungele lokhu, inhlabathi elula efana ne-loams nayo ifanelekile.
Uma zingekho izinhlobo ezinjalo zenhlabathi, umhlaba ungahlonywa ngokuzimela futhi uqhubeke uwenza njalo njalo ekukhuleni kwehlathi.
Kubalulekile futhi cabangela ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba: uma ziphakama ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili kuya emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukumba uhlelo lwamanzi endaweni. Phela, uhlelo lwempande lwemivini luyathuthuka kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, lungase luhlwithwe yi-glut.
Uhlelo lokutshala amagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo "Volzhsky" kusayithi
Noma imuphi umvini udinga isikhala esiningi sokukhula kwamahlumela nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande, olunikeza izakhi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhluma kwamagilebhisi kufanele kuhlelwe ngokwendlela ethile ehlolisisa zonke lezi zindlela.
Njengoba izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zamagilebhisi "i-Volzhsky" ehlathini inamandla okukhula, kodwa ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla ezimbili kufanele libe okungenani ngamamitha angu-1.5-2.5. Kodwa phakathi kwemigqa emibili ukwenza igebe lamamitha amathathu.
Sikhetha isikhathi esifanele sonyaka nesikhathi sokutshala amagilebhisi
Ngokutshala kwamagilebhisi kunezinketho ezimbili: lesi sitshalo singatshala kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Esikhathini ngasinye, kunezimo ezinamandla kanye namandla, ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukucacisa ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sezinti ezifanele.
- Ukutshala izithelo zamagilebhisi kungenziwa kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi kuze kufike kulabo abaqala ukuhamba. Uma izithombo zilele futhi "zimnyama" - zidinga ukutshala ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izitshalo zokutshala izimila kanye namahlumela aluhlaza - ngokuphuthumayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Inzuzo enkulu yokutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo yiqiniso ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi isimo sezulu sishisa nsuku zonke, sishukumisa isihlahla ukuba sikhule. Ngemva kwenkathi eyodwa ekhulayo, amagilebhisi ayoqina futhi akhululeke endaweni entsha yokukhula, okuzomsiza ukuba alwe namaqhwa ebusika ngokuqhubekayo.
Futhi, ngenxa yalokhu, amagilebhisi angaqala ukulimaza kancane kancane.
- Ukutshala kwamagilebhisi ekwindla kuyamukeleka kuphela ngenxa yezithombo eziye zadlulela esikhathini sokuthula kanye nokuhlanganisa ama-cuttings ngezimpande. Kuqhutshwa maphakathi no-Okthoba.
Isikhathi sidinga ukukhethwa ukuze imbewu yokutshala ingabi nesikhathi sokuqala ukukhula ngaphambi kobusika, kodwa akukaze kube khona amaqhwa aqinile. Izinzuzo zokutshala okunjalo yilokho okwamanje, okokuqala, indaba yokuvuna yokusakazwa kwamagilebhisi kwenziwa, futhi okwesibili, inhlabathi ekwindla idonsa kakhulu kunezintwasahlobo, futhi ayidingi ukunisela okunjalo njalo.
Izithelo zezithelo zamagilebhisi "Volzhsky" futhi ikakhulukazi ukutshala kwabo kusayithi
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukulungisa umgodi we-sapling. Kufanelekile ukumba ngamasentimitha angu-80 ububanzi futhi kufana nobubanzi. Ubukhulu obunjalo buzovumela inani elikhulu lamanyolo ukuba londle isihlahla ngesikhathi sokuqala kokukhula ukulala phansi.
Njengomanyolo, ama-humus, i-potassium, ama-phosphates ne-nitrogen asetshenziselwa (lokhu kutholakala ngobuncane kakhulu, ngoba kungathinta kakhulu ukukhula kwenyoma). Konke lokhu Umanyolo ohlanganiswe nenhlabathi evundile futhi alele phansi emgodini.
Kodwa-ke, omunye ungqimba we-10 cm wehlabathi ongafakiwe kufanele uthululelwe phezu kwabo ukuvikela izimpande ekushiseni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgodi kufanele ushiywe amasonto ambalwa ukuze uthule inhlabathi. Uma kungenjalo, kuzokuhlala kanye nensimu bese umcengezi wempande uzoba ngaphansi komhlaba, okuyinto engathandeki kakhulu.
I-criteria eyinhloko yokukhetha isithombo semvini yimibala emhlophe yezimpande nombala ohlaza okwenziwe phansi. Ngaphambi kokutshala, isithombo esitholakalayo sinconywa ukuba siqhutshwe emanzini ukuze sikwazi ukugcwala ngokuswakama (kuyoba yisisekelo sobukhulu bayo kuze kube yilapho singathola umswakama emhlabathini ngokwawo).
Kubalulekile ukwehlisa isithombo emgodini kuze kube sezingeni lempande yayo, kungcono uma iphakama kancane ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa umgodi kancane kancane, ukuze ungalimazi izimpande futhi ungashiyi izikhala nomoya eduze kwazo (izimpande ziyooma kulokhu).
Kunconywa phakathi nale nqubo. uthele ibhakede lamanzi emgodini futhi kuphela ke uqhubeke ulele. Uma usuqedile le nqubo, isigxobo kufanele siguzwe eduze nesithombo, esizosixhasa. Inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo iyanisela kakhulu, futhi ngokugcinwa isikhathi eside komswakama kuyo, ihlanganiswe ngesikhwama semboza.
Ukugonywa kwe-cuttings esitokisini: kanjani ukuthi ungalimazi izinto zokutshala futhi ukhule isihlahla esihle?
Izicucu zokugoma zilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ngokufanelekile, ngakho-ke bebengaboni ngaphezu kwamehlo amathathu. Ngaphansi kwazo, ukusika kunqunywe kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili, okuzokwenza ukuba ikwazi ukugoqa eduze kwempande futhi ikhule ngokushesha. Futhi, le ngxenye inconywa ukuba ibanjwe emanzini okungenani ngosuku ngaphambi kwe-inoculation.
Umswakama uzodlala indima efanayo njengendlela yokutshala. Ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande nakho gcoba ukusika ngesisombululo esikhethekile somuthi "Gumat". Uma utshala ekwindla, kuyathandeka kakhulu ku-parafini ukusika.
Isitoko kufanele sikulungiswe masinyane ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukususa isihlahla somvini esidala, futhi uhlanze ngokucophelela ukusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi naphakathi kwesitokisi, ukuhlukaniswa okungajulile kwenziwa, lapho kutholakala khona ukunquma kwamagilebhisi.
Ukuze uthole ukuqhuma okungcono, isitokisi esinesibambisimbi kufanele sithathwe njengokuqina ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise indwangu yokotini: inamandla ngokwanele, futhi emva konyaka uzozibola ngokwakho, ungashiyi lutho olulodwa.
Ukuze kulondolozwe kangcono umswakama, ukuhlanganiswa kufakwe ngobumba obumanzi. Isitokisi, njengesivuno, sinisela futhi inhlabathi ewuzungezayo ihlanganiswe ngesikhwama semboza.
Yini okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ukunakekelwa amagilebhisi "Volzhsky"?
- Lesi sitshalo siyakuthanda umswakama, okuyisisekelo sobukhulu bawo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunezikhathi lapho amagilebhisi anconywa ukuba aphuze: ngesikhathi sokubhakabhaka, ngaphambi kokusila, ngenkathi kuhlanganiswa amajikijolo ku-inflorescences. Amanqamu futhi ayingxenye yalezi zikhathi.
- Ukunisela okunye kwenhlabathi kumele kuhambisane nokuhlanganiswa kwayo, okuzogcina umswakama ubude. I-mulch engcono kakhulu yezivini ziyi-sawdust noma i-moss, ebeka eceleni kwengu-3-4 amasentimitha.
- Ukuvunwa okuhle kwalolu hlobo lwezithelo zomvini kuzonikeza uma kwenzeka isihlahla sakhe sondliwa kahle. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka kusukela ekungeneni kwehlathi kuze kube fruiting. Kufanelekile ukusebenzisa kokubili umquba we-organic and amaminerali.
- Ukudubula isihlahla samavini "Volzhsky" kunconywa eside.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekisela kwisembozo esingafanele sikhohlwe ngaphambi kokuqala ebusika.
- I-sprays yokuvimbela ngokumelene nefungi iyenziwa minyaka yonke, mhlawumbe izikhathi ezintathu.
