I-Balsam Fir iqala kuqala phakathi kwezidakamizwa kuleso simo sabaqambi bomhlaba abaqeqeshiwe nabathandi ukuhlobisa i-cottage yabo ehlobo. Akumangalisi, ngoba, ngaphezu kokubaluleka, isitshalo sinomnandi, uphulukisa, i-resinous ne-tart iphunga elibulala izifo ezibangelwa isifo futhi ichithe umoya. Izwe lakwa-fir eNyakatho Melika, lapho kungumuthi omkhulu wehlathi.
Uyazi? Phakathi kwe-aromatherapists kunombono wokuthi iphunga le-firamic fir likhuthaza ithemba, imithwalo enhle futhi iqede ukucindezeleka. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ibhalsamu fir ibhekwa njengomuthi ongcwele emazweni amaningi asempumalanga.
I-Balsam Fir: Incazelo
I-balsam fir (i-Abies balsamaya) imelela umndeni wasePine, incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zayo ihluka ngobukhulu futhi inama-20. Kukhona kokubili izihlahla ezincane zezimbali, kuze kube ngu-50 cm high, futhi izihlahla ezinamandla zifinyelela ngamamitha angu-40 ukuphakama. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-balsamic fir zinemiqhele ejwayelekile efana ne-pyramidal cone, amagatsha asakaza kabanzi anezinaliti eziluhlaza.
I-Cones shape e-oval-cylindrical, eluhlaza, enombala obomvu nokubomvu-obomvu, kufika ku-10 cm ubude. Amagxolo anombala obomvu, abushelelezi. Endle, ukuphakama kwesihlahla ngokuvamile kufinyelela ku-23-35 m. Ubude bezinaliti bufinyelela ku-25 mm futhi bunendawo yendawo. Engxenyeni engenhla yezingalutho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezikhanyayo, ezinezimpawu zokukhanya ezansi. I-balsam fir inezici zayo zokwakha - ukungabi khona kwezingxenye ze-resin ezinkuni. Zigxile emagqabeni, ngokungafani nezinye iziqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sinesimiso sezimpande. Ukuphila okujwayelekile kwesihlahla kungaphezu kweminyaka engama-200.
Uyazi? Izakhiwo zokuphulukisa ze-balsamic fir zithandwa kakhulu, imithi yenziwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zayo. Ama-bark, izinaliti, amaqabunga, i-resin, namafutha abalulekile, atholakala esitshalweni, asetshenziswa kakhulu emithi.
Izinhlobo ezidumile ze-fir balsamic
Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-20 zamafutha ebhalsamu, kufaka phakathi amafomu namasiko.
Okuthandwa kakhulu ekukhuleni e-cottages ehlobo kunamanye amazwe, izinhlobo ezikhula kancane:
- I-Kiwi - ikhula kancane, i-shrub encane ibe yi-50 cm high. Inomqhele ohlangene kanye nezinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eziluhlaza, ezincane, okuncane kakhulu. Izihlahla ezincane zinezinaliti zembala ezihlaza. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithandwa ezindizeni ezincane, ezinamadwala namadwala, futhi yiyona ifomu elihle lokukhula emabhokisini.
- Nana - isitshalo esikhulayo, esikhuphuka esikhula kancane kusuka ku-50 cm kuya ku-1 m. Ubuningi be-Crohn, obuya ku-2 m ububanzi. It has spreading, dense, amagatsha enezingqimba. Izinaliti zinyene, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zifushane ngemicu emhlophe neyibhakabhaka ngezansi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezithintekayo ezimnyama ezibandayo nezibandayo zilula ukutshala nokuzinakekela. Kubukeka kahle ezinhlelweni, izivande ezinamadwala nezindawo zokulima.
- I-Hudsonia - Enye ye-fir evamile kakhulu, futhi i-fir. Inamagatsha amancane kakhulu nezinaliti ezincane, ezidwetshiwe ezimnyama nasezinhlahleni ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenhla kanye nohlaza oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezansi. Bred e-United States, eNew Hampshire, lapho ikhula emahlathini aphezulu.
- I-Piccolo - Ukuhlobisa okuhlukahlukene, okufingqiwe okuncane, ukuphakama kwesihlahla akudluli ku-30-50 cm. Kunomqhele obumnyama obomvu, wombala ogcwele. Izihlahla ezincane ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuhle kakhulu ngama-slides alpine, ukufika kwe-container.
- I-Green Globe - isitshalo esincane se-coniferous, sinesinaliti eluhlaza kakhulu obumnyama obuhlaza kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwe-fir omdala kufinyelele ku-1 m. Umqhele ngisho, oyingqimba, ongadingi ukusika. Kutshalwa ngendlela eyedwa, izitshalo zokuhlobisa, ama-slides alpine namadiza amadwala, kanye nokukhula kahle kweziqukathi.
Izici ukufika firamic fir
Izitshalo zezitshalo ezikhulayo zisehla ngesikhathi esifanele, ngoba ukutshala ibhalsamu fir kungcono entwasahlobo kunasekwindla.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika
Isiko se-balsam fir - shade-ethandwayo, ngakho ukutshala kwalo kufanele ukhethe izindawo ezithuthukile zesayithi - isithunzi noma umthunzi oyingxenye. Kuhle uma kukhona inqolobane eseduze nendawo ekhethiwe ku-fir.
Luhlobo luni lomhlabathi oluthanda ama-balsamic fir
Amasiko akhula kahle enhlabathini enomanzi, ecebile, egcwele kahle. Njengoba kunzima ukukhula enhlabathini enzima, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlele ungqimba lwamanzi angu-20 cm wetshe elichotshoziwe noma izitini ezincane eziphukile. Khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuthululela ingxube yamaminerali amaminerali ayinkimbinkimbi nge-sawdust ebolile phezu kocingo lwamanzi. Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi nakuba i-fir balsamic futhi ithanda inhlabathi enomswakama kahle, ayikwazi ukuma amanzi aphelile.
Ukutshala i-fir balsamic fir
Ukutshala ama-balsamic fir ezweni kuzodinga izithombo zingaphansi kweminyaka emine. Ukuthungatha kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli, futhi kungcono ukhethe usuku oluluhlaza noma oludliwayo ngalokhu. Amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukumba umgodi mayelana no-60x60x60 cm, kuye ngobukhulu besimiso sezimpande. Khona-ke, ama-2-3 amabhakede amanzi adluliselwa emgodini futhi, ngemva kokubanjwa, gcina phansi ngesigamu sefosholo.
Beka ungqimba wamanzi angu-centimeter kusuka ematshe ochotshoziwe noma ngezitini bese ugcwalisa isigamu se-substrate. Ukwakhiwa kwezinxenye ezintathu ze-humus, izingxenye ezimbili zobumba, i-peat nesihlabathi se-1 ingxenye, 10 kg we-sawdust kanye no-0.2-0.3 kg we-nitrophoska izosebenza kahle. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili umhlabathi usuhlelile emgodini, faka isithombo kuwo ukuze ikhola yempande ihlale ilinganiswe nesakhiwo. Bese uqonde izimpande bese ugcwalisa umgodi ngesigamu esisele se-substrate, ubeke uphawu olufanele futhi uthele. Uma ufuna ukukhulisa i-fir alley ye-balsamic, ukuhlwanyela kufanele kufakwe endaweni eqhele ngamamitha angu-4-5 ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Izici ukunakekela i-fir balsamic
I-balsam fir ibonakala ngokubekezelelana okuhle kokuthunjwa komthunzi nokushisa kwama-frost, ngakho-ke, kulula ukunakekela izimila ze-fir. Kodwa ezimweni ezinzima zezulu nezishintshi ezibukhali ekushiseni, amaqabunga e-trunk ingxenye yomuthi ivame ukugcinwa. Ngakho-ke, ebusika uzodinga ukumboza izitshalo ezincane zokutshala izici. Kufanele futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi i-fir inehlelo lokususa impande, okwenza isitshalo singazinzile, ngenxa yalokhu kuvame ukulimazwa yimimoya eqinile yomoya.
Ukuphuza izitshalo nokunakekela inhlabathi
Naphezu kokumelana kakhulu nesomiso, ibhalsamu fir isabela kahle ekutheni ukuphuza njalo. Ehlobo, kunconywa ukuhlanzwa kwamasonto omuthi wamasonto onke. Entwasahlobo, ukuchelela kuka-2-3 kwanele kuze kube ngu-15-20 amalitha amanzi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngemuva kokunisela kuzodinga ukukhulula umhlabathi, kanye nokukhishwa kwokhula ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-balsam fir
Emva kokutshala, kanye nobusika, kuyadingeka ukuba ugcwale umquba we-seedling ububanzi obungaba ngu-50 cm nge-chips, sawdust noma peat, ubeka ungqimba we-5-10 cm ungqimba. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukondliwa okwedlule eminyakeni engama-2-3 emva kokutshala. Entwasahlobo uzodinga ukwengeza u-100-125 g we "Kemira Universal" kumbuthano oseduze
Kubalulekile! Qinisekisa ukuthi ungqimba lwe-mulch alithinti futhi aluvali intamo ye-balsam fir entanyeni.
Indlela yokwenza umqhele we-fir
I-balsam fir ayidingi ukunakekelwa okhethekile, kodwa-ke, ukutshala ubuhle obukhulu be-coniferous engadini kuyodinga ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile. Yenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokunyakaza okusebenzayo kwamanzi. Isikhwama sasebhanini susa amagatsha omdala, omile nabonakalisiwe. Izihlahla ezihlobisa ukudala umqhele zenziwa uma kunesidingo, ngoba i-fir isimibala evamile nemqhele njalo. Kodwa uma kunesidingo sokulungisa ifomu, kufanele lenziwe ngokunciphisa amahlumela ngokungaphezu kwesithathu ubude.
Izinambuzane ezinkulu nezifo zezimila
Njengoba ungase uqiniseke, ukutshala i-fir ku-dacha yonyaka, amakhono akhethekile nemizamo ayadingeki. Kodwa ukuze ukhule umuthi onempilo, ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ubhekane nezifo nezinye izinambuzane zalesi siko. Iningi le-balsamic firative elihlobisa libhekene ne-spruce-fir hermes, uhlobo lwe-aphid. Ukunqotshwa kwalesi sifo kubangela ukuphuza nokuqina kwezinaliti. Ukuqeda iHermes, amalungiselelo okuthiwa "Antio" noma "Rogor" azoba afanelekile, okuzophathwa ngayo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kusinda ubusika abantu bevuka. Isixazululo silungiswa kusuka ku-20 g kwesinye salezi zilungiselela kanye nama-10 amalitha amanzi.
Izinambuzane ezifanayo nazo zizosiza ekuhlaselweni kwamanye izinambuzane ezinambuzane - i-fir cone leafworm kanye ne-fir shoot moth. Ngezinye izikhathi i-fir ingaba ne-yellowing yezinaliti kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-cushions ezinesibindi kumahlumela. Isizathu salokhu ukugqwala, uhlobo lwe-fungal disease. Kulolu cala, amagatsha aphethwe yisifo anqunywe futhi ashiswa kanye nezinaliti eziwile, futhi ukusikeka kuhlanganiswe ne-pitch engadini. Ngemuva kwalokho, umqhele kufanele uchithelwa ngesisombululo seBordeaux liquid 2%.
