I-Pepper ingelinye lamasiko awathandayo ezivandeni zemifino zaseRussia. Akuyona into emnandi kakhulu, kepha ukuze uthole izithelo ezinempilo udinga kuqala ukukhula kwezithombo eziqinile nezinempilo. Kwesinye isikhathi iziqu ziqala ukugoba phansi, amaqabunga awele, isitshalo siyafa kancane kancane. Ukuvimbela lesi simo, kufanele uqonde ukuthi kungani izithombo ezincane zepepper ziwe, izitshalo zabantu abadala zibuna futhi ziphenduke ziphuzi, ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nakho.
Kungenzeka kube namaphutha lapho utshala futhi unakekela upelephule futhi uwanqobe
I-Pepper zivame ukuwa ngenxa yamaphutha wokunakekelwa alandelayo lapho kukhula:
- Umanyolo owengeziwe, ikakhulukazi oqukethe i-nitrogen. Ngokugqokwa kwamaminerali aphezulu, kufanele uqaphele ukugcina umthamo we-0,5 g nge-1 litre lamanzi. Uma izithombo ziqala ukwelulwa ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu komanyolo, le nqubo ngeke isamiswa.
- Ukunisela ngokweqile. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimpande neziqu zibola, ukutheleleka fungal kuqala ukukhula, upelepele uyawa ngenxa yalokhu, i-fruiting ayenzeki. Uma kwenzeka yehlulwa kancane, izithombo zidinga ukugaywa, izimpande ezilimele zisuswe futhi zidluliselwe endaweni entsha, ngoba ngaphambili zangcwelisa uhlelo lwezimpande nomhlabathi esizeni.
- Ukuntuleka komswakama. Amaqabunga e-pepper bell ayawa ngenxa yalokhu, izimpande ziba owomile, neziqu ziyagoba. Inani elanele lamanzi kufanele lihlolwe njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungakwazi ukunamathela umentshisi emhlabathini. Uma inhlabathi inamathela, kukhona uketshezi olwanele. Lapho induku isomile, udinga ukuthambisa.
- Ukusebenza kwemishini yokushisa efakwe eduze kwesiko. Lokhu kuholela ekuqothulweni kwamangqamuzana ezitshalo. Kuyadingeka ukwandisa inani lokunisela, susa ama-heater kude nezitshalo.
- Ukunisela izithombo ngamanzi apholile. Izitshalo ezincane azikabi nesikhathi sokukhula ziqine, kusuka ezenzweni ezinjalo zingafa nokufa. Amanzi akufanele abe ngaphansi kuno + 20 ... +25 ° C.
- Kuminyene lapho kukhule ezitsheni noma emaceleni awugqinsi lapho kukhula emibhedeni.
- Okusalungiswa okubandayo.
I-Pepper ingatshalwa ekhaya lezithombo noma ngokushesha emhlabathini wezakhi ovulekile. Endabeni yokugcina, kunconywa ukutshala isivuno endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma abamba ukushisa, njengoba lapho ungakha i-microclimate efanelekile kakhulu yokuthuthuka okufanele. Ukuze ukhipha izingongolo zingaguqi, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa imibandela elandelayo:
- Lapho imila imbewu, izinga lokushisa kufanele lihluke phakathi kuka + 25 ... +27 ° C. Ngemuva kokuvela kokuhluma kokuqala, kufanele kwehliswe ku +20 ° C.
- Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, upelepele udinga ukukhanya kwe-photosynthesis. Lapho ukhula ku-greenhouse noma ku-greenhouse, udinga ukufaka imishini yokukhanyisa okungeziwe. Babekwe endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-50-60 kusuka eziqongweni zezihlahla.
- Umswakama kufanele uhluke phakathi kwe-60-65%.
Ngokuhambisana nale mithetho, uswidi omnandi waseBulgaria nopelepele obabayo uzothuthukisa ngentshiseko, uzonikeza isivuno esihle.
Izifo zamapheya nokwelashwa kwazo
Iziqu zepelepisi zingaguqa emhlabathini ngesifo somlenze omnyama. Amagciwane alo asemhlabathini futhi athinta izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezibuthaka noma ezingavuthiwe.
Okokuqala, amarowu amadolo angaphansi kwesizinda (ingxenye engaphansi). Iba manzi bese iba mnyama, bese izicubu ziba manzi futhi zithambe. Ngokuhlulwa okunamandla, iziqu ziba ngamavila futhi ziwe. Izici ezilandelayo zinomthelela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo:
- amanzi abandayo okunisela;
- inhlabathi engcolisiwe;
- umswakama onganele wenhlabathi;
- ukuntuleka komoya omusha.
Ukwelashwa umlenze omnyama:
- Lungiselela isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Nisela ngesitshalo kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zingabonakali.
- Dedela umhlaba bese usula umhlaba uzungeze intamo yempande.
- Fafaza inhlabathi ngomlotha wezinkuni.
- Uma lesi sifo sibuthakathaka, phatha amahlahla ngeFundazole. Isixazululo silungiswa ngokuya ngemiyalo esephepheni.
- Lapho inani elikhulu lezithombo lithelelekile, kudingeka ukuthi kudonswe ezimbizeni ezihlukile enenhlabathi yegciwane. Ngezinsuku ezingama-5-6, faka endaweni emnyama, ngemuva kokukhula kwezimpawu, udlulisele elangeni. Ukunisela kokuqala kwenziwa ngokufakwa kweMaxim noma ngeFitosporin.
Futhi, ukwehla kwepelepele kungenzeka ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-fusarium. Ithinta isitshalo kuzo zonke izigaba (kusukela ekuqaleni kokuvela kwezithombo). Ngenxa yokutheleleka, amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi futhi abune kusuka ngaphansi, uma usika isiqu, ungabona indandatho emsundu.
Ngokuhlulwa ngobumnene kweFusarium, ama-ejenti alandelayo angasetshenziswa:
- I-Agate-25K - ibhubhisa i-ejenti ebangelwa lesi sifo, ikhuthaza ukukhula ngokushesha nokukhiqiza okuhle;
- I-Fitosporin-M - esetshenziselwa ukutshala ngaphambi kwenhlabathi kanye nembewu, ukunisela izithombo;
- I-Trichodermin - esetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kanye nokuvikela izifo;
- Maxim - ekwelashweni kwembewu;
- I-Bactofit - ijwayeza le microflora enhlabathini, ayivumeli amagciwane ukuthi akhule;
- IPotassium humate - ingxube ye-organomineral ye-lowland peat, ingeniswa emhlabathini.
Ngokuhlulwa okunamandla, lezi zindlela kanye nezinye izindlela ngeke zisebenze. Izitshalo azikwazi ukulondolozwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha ungazama amakhemikhali anamandla alandelayo:
- Abiga Peak;
- I-Acrobat MC;
- Quadris;
- Ikhaya, njll.
Uma imali ebhalwe phansi ingasizi, izitshalo ezinesifo zidinga ukumba zichithwe. Isiqephu somhlaba lapho bakhulela khona singcolile. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ezinye izilimo engadini zingangenwa (ngokwesibonelo, isitshalo seqanda, iklabishi, njll.).
Enye isifo i-verticillosis. Lokhu kungukutheleleka kwesikhunta okubangela ukukhula okunciphile, ukuqothuka kwamaqabunga, ukuncipha kwawo nokubola. Okokuqala, ukoma okuluhlaza okotshani, phezu kwawo kukhona indawo ekhawulelwe ye-chlorotic, ekugcineni kuthinte yonke ingxenye yendiza. Uma lesi sifo singalashwa, isihlahla sizofa.
Amakhemikhali alandelayo okufafaza nawokunisela asetshenziswa kusuka ku-verticillin wilt:
- Vitaros;
- Fundazole;
- I-Topsin-M;
- I-Previkur;
- Maxim.
Ama-fungicides asetshenziswa ngokuya ngemiyalo esephepheni.
Umsebenzi wokulungisa
Izindlela zokuvimbela zisiza ukuvikela ukuwa kwezithombo zikapelepele. Ukugwema izinkinga, kufanele ulandele lezi zincomo:
- Hlanza imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, adinga ukugoqwa nge-gauze futhi kwehliswe amahora amaningi ngesixazululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-ukuaji esikhulayo.
- Ukutheleleka okuvusa i-kink of amahlumela kuthuthukisa enhlabathini ngezinga elikhulayo le-acidity. Ukwehlisa i-pH, engeza umlotha wezinkuni emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezakhiwo ze-antibacterial.
- Upelepele wamanzi kuphela ngamanzi afudumele, ahleliwe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi inyibilike noma imvula.
- Ukuvimbela ukwakheka kokuqunjelwa, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Ngemuva kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wengadi, hlanzekisa konke okokusebenzisa.
Ukugwema ukutheleleka, landela lezi zindlela zokuphepha:
- ukuze kulinywe, thola izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo (Swallow, Agapovsky, Indlovu, Hercules, Orange Miracle nabanye);
- gcina imbewu endaweni eyomile, enomoya;
- gxilisa umhlaba kanye nembewu ngaphambi kokutshala; • hlola izitshalo nsuku zonke ukuthola ukutholakala kwezifo, uma zitholakele, qhubeka nokulawula ngokushesha ngezindlela ezikhona;
- qaphela isikhawu phakathi kwezihlahla ukuvimbela ukuqina;
- Ungazigcwalisi izitshalo.
Ukufingqa, singaphetha ngokuthi ukuwa kwezithombo zepepele kwenzeka ngenxa yamaphutha ekunakekelweni nasekunakekelweni. Ngisho ne-fusarium, i-verticillosis kanye nomlenze omnyama, okuvusa ukugoba kweziqu nokusha kwesitshalo, kukhula ngezizathu ezifanayo.
Ukuthola isivuno esicebile nesiphilile esingadingi ukuthi sivuthwe, udinga ukulandela imithetho elula nezincomo ezibhalwe ngaphezulu.
