UTomato Siberian ocacile maduze uzoba neminyaka engama-60. Futhi, ngaphandle kweminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi, lo makhulu usasebenza. Yize inani lezinhlobonhlobo kanye nele nzalo likhula ngokushesha, lo utamatisi uhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zesimanje zokulula kobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ikhwalithi yezithelo kanye nokwanda kwezigaba zezulu ezahlukahlukene.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi ezinhlobonhlobo zaseSiberia: izici nezindawo zokutshala
Izinhlobo zamatamatisi zaseSiberia ezinobuchopho zifakiwe kwiRegional State yeRussian Federation emuva ngo-1959. Uhlu lwezindawo lapho kutshalwa khona kunconywa ngokusemthethweni luyahlaba umxhwele: lezi yizifunda zaseNyakatho, North-West, Central, Volga-Vyatka, Middle Volga, West Siberian, Ural, West Siberian, East Siberian nase Far East. Njengoba sikwazi ukubona, imiphetho efudumele kuphela nezindawo ezingekho kuhlu, ezingabonakala zingaxakile: phela, utamatisi uthanda uthando olufudumele. Kodwa i-Siberian precocious utamatisi owenzelwe ikakhulukazi isimo sezulu esipholile futhi uzizwa engakhululekile ezimweni zokushisa ngokweqile.
Inhloso yawo wonkana - izinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa zombili enhlabathini engavikelekile futhi kusetshenziswa izindawo zokugcina amafilimu. Ezimweni zombili, isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo sicishe sifane, ngakho-ke ukukhetha kwezimo ezikhulayo kunqunywa isimo sezulu salesi sifunda, isifiso sokuthola isivuno ngesikhathi esijwayelekile noma ngaphambili, kanye nalokho okuthandwa ngumlimi. Isimo sezifo asiguquki: uma ukungaziphathi kahle kokugaya nokubhema kuphezulu, ezinye izifo zithinta ukuhlukahluka kanye notamatisi abaningi abaziwayo abaningi.
Ukuqonda okwenziwa eSiberia kungokwesigaba samatamatisi achazayo, okungukuthi, amandla okukhula kwesihlahla sawo kulinganiselwe. Kuyacatshangelwa, ukuphakama okungekho ngaphezu kwama-80 cm, amaqabunga awanamandla okuphakathi. Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo futhi aluhlaza okotshani. Kukhiqizwa ama-inflorescence ambalwa kuphela esiqwini esikhulu, ngakho-ke akhetha ukukhulisa izinhlobonhlobo ngeziqu eziningana, kaningi kokuthathu. Kwi-inflorescence ngayinye kunezimbali ezingama-3-5 futhi, ngokufanele, nge-impova evamile, kukalwa inani elifanayo lezithelo.
Ehlathini, izithelo zibukeka ngendlela ejwayelekile: kunezingcezu ezimbalwa ebhulashi
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinobuqili zaseSiberia zokuvuthwa kokuqala: izithelo zokuqala zingavunwa cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-3.5 ngemuva kokuvela. I-inflorescence ephansi kunazo zonke, kuzovela kuzo izithelo, yakheka ngaphezulu kweqabunga lesithupha noma eliphakeme kancane, futhi konke okulandelayo - ngemuva kwamaqabunga ayi-1 noma amabili. Izithelo zihlanganiswe kahle noma zithotshisiwe kancane, ukuqandeka akubonakali kahle, kunalokho kukhulu: utamatisi ngamunye unesisindo kusuka ku-60 kuye ku-120 g. Umbala wamatamatisi ovuthiwe ngokugcwele ubomvu ngokugqamile, kepha kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina Isiqu sihlala sinombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izidleke zembewu ngezithelo - kusuka kwezine noma ngaphezulu.
Utamatisi awukwazi ukubizwa ukuthi unambitheke kakhulu, noma phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuqala ukunambitheka kwezithelo kukude kakhulu. It, njengephunga, kungokwendabuko impela, ngaphandle kwamafrimu. Zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi okusha, kepha ukuwafaka kungenzeka. Isilimo sigcinwa isikhathi eside futhi sihanjiswa amabanga amade cishe ngaphandle kokulahleka. Ukukhiqiza ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa akukubi: kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-9 kg / m2, emhlabathini ongavikelekile ungaphansi kancane, okungaphezulu kwengxenye yokuvuthwa kwezilimo ngenyanga yokuqala yokwenza izithelo.
Ividiyo: izinhlobo zezimpawu zaseSiberia eziqondile
Ukubukeka Kwamatamatisi
Ukwakheka kwezithelo ze-Siberian preocious kuyinto utamatisi wasendulo, umbala wabo uyi-anthology. Lawa utamatisi obomvu okhanyayo obomvu oyindilinga, njengoba amelelwa ngabantu abaningi kusukela ebuntwaneni.
Ukwakheka kwe-classic, umbala obomvu - akukho okungajwayelekile, utamatisi wokuqala wangempela
Amakati walezi zinhlobonhlobo awakwazi ukubhekwa njengokwakha isikhathi eside, kufanele aboshwe, ngakho-ke utamatisi emasimini awubukeki ubukhazikhazi njengezinye izinhlobo zesimanje zokunquma: azifani nesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, kodwa yilokho izinhlobo eziningi ezindala abukeka ngazo.
Emabhusha ngasikhathi sinye kunezithelo zamazinga ahlukahlukene okuvuthwa, kuyilapho zingabonakali zibukeka njengemikhosi kakhulu
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kokuqonda kweSiberia
Iqiniso lokuthi ama-Siberian acashile asekhule cishe iminyaka engama-60 lisenza sizibuze ukuthi kungani lihle kangaka. Impela, ngokusho kwencazelo enikezwe emibhalweni esemthethweni, ukunambitheka kwalawa utamatisi kuyenelisa kuphela. Ngokusobala, isizathu silele egameni: ISiberia akuyona indawo yendabuko ngokuphelele yokutshala utamatisi, futhi lokhu kuhlukahluka kukuzizwa okuhle ezimeni ezinzima. Izici ezinhle ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zithathwa njengezi:
- ukukhiqiza okuhle emhlabathini evikelekile futhi engavikelekile;
- ukuphepha kwezitshalo isikhathi eside kanye namandla ayo okuhambisa;
- amandla utamatisi wokuvuthwa ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sezokuhamba, lapho ukhiwa onsundu;
- yehliselwa ezimeni ezikhulayo;
- ukumelana okwandayo ekupholiseni nakweminye imidumba yesimo sezulu;
- ukwahluka kokusetshenziswa kwezithelo;
- ukuvuthwa okuhle kwengxenye yokuqala yesilimo nokuvuthwa kwezithelo ezisele;
- ukungatheleleki kokugaya ngogwayi.
Okubi okusobala kwezinhlobonhlobo yile:
- ukunambitheka okuphakathi kwamatamatisi;
- usayizi wezithelo ongalingani;
- isigaxa esicacile kusuka ezinhlotsheni zesimanje kanye nzalo ekuvumelaneni nezimo kuya ezimweni ezikhulayo, ukumelana nenkimbinkimbi yezifo kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukunambitheka kwamatamatisi akhulwe emoyeni ovulekile kungcono kakhulu kunaleyo etholakala ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa. Empeleni, lo mkhuba ubhekelwa imifino eminingi.
Noma kunjalo, isici esibaluleke kakhulu sezinhlobonhlobo, ukuvumela ukuhlala phakathi kwamatamatisi owaziwa isikhathi eside, ukumelana kwawo okuphezulu nezimo zezifunda ezinolaka, yize umuntu engakwazi kodwa avume ukuthi ikakhulukazi ezinkathini ezibandayo ikhwalithi nenani lesitshalo kuncipha kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene ne-vagaries yesimo sezulu, ubuhlakani baseSiberia budlula zombili izinhlobo ezintsha zokuvuthwa zakuqala kanye nezifanelekile, ezifana, ngokwesibonelo, i-White Bulk. Kodwa-ke, kwehluka okungcono kusuka kumatamatisi amaningi okuqala ngosayizi omkhulu wesithelo (yize, esihlahleni esisodwa, kutholakala utamatisi wobukhulu obuhlukile). Kepha maqondana nokunambitha, liphansi kakhulu iBetta, neShuttle, ngisho nenqwaba efanayo eyi-White. Ngokusobala, asikude yisikhathi lapho ukuthuthuka okusha kuzokwedlula lokhu okuhlukahlukene ngisho nasezifundeni zezulu zomdabu waso.
Izici zokutshala nokukhula
I-Siberian enobuhlakani ikhule endaweni evulekile futhi evaliwe, kepha uma kunethuba elinjalo, kungcono ukunikeza ukukhetha umoya omusha: ayesabi isimo sezulu esibandayo, futhi utamatisi umnandi ngokwengeziwe. Ubuchwepheshe bayo bezolimo buhlukile kancane kulokho okusanhlobo yezinhlobo zamatamatisi ezivuthiwe zokuqala: cishe ezweni lonke, utamatisi ukhula ngesigaba sokuhlwanyelwa.
Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo sincike esimweni sezulu saleyondawo nokuthi izithombo ezikhulayo noma embhedeni wengadi zizotshalwa yini endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Kunoma yikuphi, isikhathi kufanele sibalwe ngendlela yokuthi ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo ezinezinyanga ezimbili kufudumele emoyeni nasemhlabathini: zombili lapho nalaphaya, izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke kufanele okungenani libe ngu-15 mayelanaC. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukutshala imbewu ukuze kutshalwe inhlabathi yotamatisi emgqeni ophakathi nengxenye yesibili kaMashi, naseSiberia nasezifundeni ezifanayo ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukulinyelwa kokushisa okuluhlaza - ngokuya ngekhwalithi eluhlaza okotshani: esimweni sokugcina izithombo zezihlahla zefilimu, izithombo ziqala amaviki ambalwa ngaphambili.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa izithombo abufani nalokhu kwezinye izinhlobo. Imvamisa, imbewu elungiselelwe kuqala ihlwanyelwa ebhokisini elijwayelekile, bese kuthi esigabeni samapheshana wangempela, izikebe ezinkomishini ngazinye noma endaweni evame ukuhlala kuyo, nebanga eli-6 cm phakathi kwezitshalo.
Izithombo zezitshalo ezinempilo zaseSiberia azivamile ukuphuma: ukuthola izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kulula
Ngenqubo yokunakekelwa kwezithombo, into esemqoka yizimo zokushisa nezokukhanya. Ngosuku lokuqala kakhulu ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, izinga lokushisa kufanele lincishiswe kakhulu (kuya ku-16-18 ° C), nokukhanya kunikezwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5, izinga lokushisa liphakanyiselwa ekushiseni kwamakamelo futhi lishiywe kanjalo izinyanga ezimbili. Izithombo azivamile futhi ziniselwa ngokulinganayo. Ngaphansi kwesimo senhlabathi evundile, ungakwenza ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo. Izinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokutshala engadini, kancane kancane bazijwayeza izimo ezinokhahlo, beziyisa kuvulandi.
Imibhede yamatamatisi ilungiswa kusengaphambili, ungakhohlwa ukuthi awudingi umquba omningi, ikakhulukazi omusha, kepha umanyolo we-phosphorus kufanele unikezwe ngobuningi. Ngomhlaka 1 m2 yenza ibhakede le-humus, uhhafu we-litre lomlotha wokhuni kanye no-40 g we-superphosphate. I-Siberian precocious itshalwa ngokulinganayo: ngemuva kwama-40-50 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ubuchwepheshe bokufika obusebenzayo:
- Yenza izimbobo ezincane ezindaweni eziqokiwe, engeza umanyolo omncane owengeziwe emgodini ngamunye: uhhafu wengilazi yomlotha noma isipuni se-nitroammophos. Ngemuva kokuxuba umanyolo nenhlabathi, umthombo uyaniselwa.
Awukwazi ukunisela imithombo kusengaphambili, kodwa le ndlela iyakhetheka: lapho utshala odakeni, izitshalo zingamila kangcono
- Susa kancane utamatisi ebhokisini noma ezinkomishini ngesigaxa sobumba bese uwabeka ezimbondeni, kuyilapho izithombo zingcwatshwa ngamaqabunga acekeceke kakhulu.
Faka kancane izimpande zezithombo ngeminwe yakho ukuze kungabikho okukhona
- Nisela izithombo ngamanzi ngokushisa okungenani kwama-25 mayelanaC bese mulch inhlabathi nganoma iyiphi into okuxekethile.
Ngemuva kokudlulisa izithombo, umhlabathi kufanele umanzi ngamazinga aphezulu, kepha-ke akufanele uwunisele ngesonto
Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kwezihlahla (ukuthambisa, ukugqoka phezulu, ukulima) kuhambisana neminye imisebenzi engaphezulu. Naphezu kokunqunywa kwezinhlobonhlobo, ubuqili beSiberia kufanele buhlanganiswe: iziqu zawo zintekenteke. Ngakho-ke, izikhonkwane zihlela ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala izithombo. Iziqu ziboshwe ngembambo ethambile ezindaweni eziningana, futhi njengoba zikhula, ziyaphindwa.
Isihlahla sakhiwa saba iziqu ezintathu, izingane zokutholwa ezinamandla kakhulu zisebenza njengeziqu ezengeziwe, kepha zonke ezinye ziyasuswa. Ukususa izingane zokutholwa kuhlangana njalo ngeviki, kuziqhekeze ngaphambi kokuba zikhule zibe-5 cm noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kungakuhle ukuthi usize utamatisi ne-pollinate ngokushelela kalula amabhulashi anezimbali njalo ngemuva kwezinsuku.
Izinyathelo zokuqala zivela, amandla amaningi ahlala esihlahleni
Ezinsizeni zomuntu siqu, akufanelekile ukuncoma ukufafazwa okuvikelekile kwamatamatisi ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali, kepha amakhambi abantu ngesinye isikhathi kufanele asetshenziswe. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-anyanisi noma i-garlic, kanye ne-calendula noma i-marigold ehlwanyelwe eduze, kuxosha izinambuzane kahle.
Ukubuyekezwa
Eminyakeni emibili eyedlule, ngatshala insiza yaseSiberia, ngithemba ukuthi izovuna kuqala. Izinhlobonhlobo zazingavuki kakhulu, kepha hhayi sekwephuze kakhulu - maphakathi nesizini. Ezinye izinhlobo, iSanka efanayo, yavuthwa kakhulu ngaphambili. Angikuthandi ukunambitheka - izithelo ezintsha, omuncu kancane.
Katerina
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Ngifuna ukumelana nalokhu okuhlukahlukene. Izinhlobonhlobo zindala, zifakazelwe, zilungele izimo zaseSiberia, zisheshe, zikhiqize, zingazethembi. Yebo, unambitha njengotamatisi ojwayelekile; kunjalo, lezi akuzona eze-dipypsylic exotic. Kepha angisho ukuthi umuncu. Ngokuvumelana ngokungaguquki - izithelo zesaladi inhloso, namanzi. Benza isaladi elihlwabusayo kakhulu lapho ujusi wamatamatisi exutshwa no-ukhilimu omuncu. Bazokuya ejusi nasekuhlolweni. Ngiyizamile ngosawoti, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi igobolondo lithambile. Okungaphansi - abaqambi amanga isikhathi eside, kepha abalali lapha. Angihlwanyeli ngaphambi maphakathi noMashi, akunangqondo, konke kuzoba ngesikhathi.
Galina
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Ngathenga igama, ngacabanga ukuthi uma kungakabi yisikhathi ngaphambi kweSiberia, kungcono kakhulu kithi - ngiyolilanda ngoJuni. Yebo, kahle. Ukuhlwanyela ekuqaleni kukaMashi, emhlabathini - Ephreli 15-20, kuqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, isivuno sokuqala - emva kukaJulayi 15. Kuqhakaze ngobudlova - okungenani ukusika izingcezu zezimbali, ama-ovari - akuzange kubalwe, kwabe sekuqala ukuwa, isiqu somile, amaqabunga ashile, izinhlanga ezinsundu ezihlahleni (Angazi ukuthi ukutheleleka kwakuyini) Konke okunye kusodoti, futhi imbewu nayo ikhona.
I-Eugene
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Enye yezinhlobo eziyintandokazi, ezivuthiwe zokuqala, ezihlwabusayo, ezilungele kahle amasaladi kanye no-ukhukhamba. Ikhula ngokushesha, izithombo zihlala ziqinile futhi zimelana nezifo, zikhiqiza impela futhi kulula ukuzikhulisa.
UTanya
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I-Siberian enobuhlakani njengamanje akuyona izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yezakhiwo eziningi isakhula ngokuphumelelayo ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibuhlungu. Ngasikhathi sinye, isivuno esiphakeme sitholakala ngempumelelo efanayo ngokulinganayo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasemoyeni ovulekile. Lokhu ukuhluka kwezitshalo okubandayo okubandayo kokukhula kokuqala, kuthela izithelo ngamatamatisi amakhulu amakhulu wesakhiwo nombala weklasikhi. Ukungathobeki kwayo kukuvumela ukuthi uncome abahlukahlukene balimi abangenalwazi.
