Ungayikhulisa kanjani ikhabe elimnandi elimnandi kulayini ophakathi nendawo

Ama-Melons akhule enkabeni yeRussia kunzima ukuqhathanisa neCentral Asia, kepha ngobuchwepheshe obulungile bezolimo bukhula buhle impela, futhi ngokuvamile awusenamakha kangako. Kuyiqiniso, ilanga alanele, ngoba ezindaweni eziningi amakhabe atshalwe kuphela endaweni ebamba ukushisa, kepha lokhu akubavimbeli abathanda.

Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene kweMelon enkabeni yeRussia

Enkabeni yeRussia, ngempumelelo eqinisekisiwe, akunakubalwa izinhlobo eziningi zamakhabe. Ezendabuko kakhulu, ezihlala "zisezindlebeni", yi-Altai nePulazi eliHlanganyele. Noma kunjalo, ibanga okwamanje alilinganiselwe kulaba abamele abaziwayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, lapho ukhetha izinhlobonhlobo zesifunda ezingafudumali kakhulu, umuntu kufanele anake ukuthi ngabe zenzelwe ukutshala isimo sezulu esinje. Mhlawumbe ungatshala izinhlobonhlobo ozithandayo, kodwa kuphela ku-greenhouse.

I-Melon ihamba kancane inyakatho, njengoba izinhlobo ezintsha kanye no-nzalo zihlala zivela, zimelana nokuvela kwesimo sezulu futhi zingadingi ihlobo elide. Ngakho-ke, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, leli siko lihlanganyela ezifundeni zaseBryansk, Kaluga, Ivanovo, Nizhny Novgorod.

Izinhlobo zokuqala ze-melon ezibandayo zilungele ukutshala maphakathi neRussia

Kunoma ikuphi, kulayini ophakathi nendawo kufanele uvaleleke ezinhlotsheni zokuqala (ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isikhathi sokuvuthwa esijwayelekile), ngoba sekwephuzile (futhi imvamisa kumnandi kakhulu) ngeke sibe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa lapha. Uma ubheka irejista Yombuso Yokuzalela Okufezekisiwe kweRussian Federation, kuvela ukuthi emzileni ophakathi kunconywa ukuthi kukhule inhlobonhlobo eyodwa kuphela - iPrincess Svetlana. Okunye okunye futhi kufanelekile ezimeni zezulu ezifanayo, ngokwesibonelo:

• Umlimi ohlangene
• Lesya
• Lolita
• Ithenda.

Vele, abalimi abalinganiselwe ekuncomeni okusemthethweni futhi batshale izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nzalo, ikakhulukazi njengoba isibalo sabo sikhula minyaka yonke.

Amakhabe omhlaba ovulekile:

• ICinderella iyinhlobonhlobo ekhiqiza isivuno esikhulu, enye yokuvuthwa kakhulu, inika izithelo eziphuzi eziphakathi nendawo, ezine-oval eziphukile (ezinesisindo kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-2 kg) zokunambitheka kwezinyosi ezinhle kakhulu. Isikhathi sokukhula sesingaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-2: kudlula izinsuku ezingama-60-72 kusuka kuzithombo kuya ekuvuthweni kwezobuchwepheshe. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nezifo kanye nama-vagaries wesimo sezulu, okuhloselwe ukusetshenziswa okusha: izithelo zigcinwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki ayi-2;
• I-Altai - ukuhlukahluka okucishe kufane neCinderella ekuvuthweni kokuqala, ukuvuna kungenzeka phakathi nehlobo. Izithelo ziphuzi, zikhuphukile, zinesisindo esingama-1.5 kg. Inyama ayimnandi kancane, kepha yinhle, i-orange ephukile, inamakha. Izithelo cishe azigcinwa, zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemuva kokususwa;
• I-Assol F1 inika izithelo eziyindilinga ephuzi namawolintshi ezinesisindo esingu-1 kg. I-pulp inoshukela omnandi kakhulu, umnandi, unephunga elimnandi ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Isikhathi sokukhula sisukela ezinsukwini ezingama-80 kuye kwezingama-90. Ukukhiqiza - kuze kufike ku-1 kg / m². Amakhabe agcinwa izinsuku ezingaba ngu-7, izinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa ukumelana okuphezulu kwesifo;
• Umlimi ohlanganayo uyizinhlobonhlobo ezaziwayo ezinokuvuthwa okuphakathi, ezikhulelwke ezweni lethu eliningi kusukela ngo-1943, kanye nesikhathi sokukhula sezinsuku ezingama-73 kuye kwangama-95. Izithelo ziyibhola ekahle enesisindo esingama-1 kg, umbala ophuzi-olintshi, bushelelezi. I-pulp icishe imhlophe, imnandi, ibe namanzi. Yaziswa ukunambitheka kwayo okuhle nokukhiqiza okuphezulu, kanye nekhono lokuhambisa amabanga amade. Ububi bezinhlobonhlobo ukumelana kwayo okuphansi kwezifo eziningi;
• U-Lesa unikeza izithelo ezinkulu, ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amabili, umbala ophuzi-orenji ngombala, okusaqanda ngesimo. I-pulp ithambile, inamafutha, kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kombala wekhilimu. Uvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-60-85. Iphunga lijwayelekile, litholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamakhabe, ukunambitheka kuhle. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nezifo eziningi kanye nesomiso esizedlulele, ukuthela okuphezulu.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo ze-melon zomhlaba ovulekile

Izinhlobo zokutshala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo:

• UPrincess Svetlana. Ukusuka ekuhlumeni kuya ekuvuneni kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu. Izithelo ziyindilinga, cishe zimhlophe, zinesisindo esingama-1.5 kg. I-pulp ithambile, inomuncu, iwolintshi ngombala, inambitheka kahle, inephunga elinamandla. Izithelo zigcinwa amasonto ama-2,5 ukuya kwele-2, zivame ukubekezelela izinto zokuhamba;
• I-Lada ivuthwa ezinyangeni ezi-3 ngemuva kokuqhuma (ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-74-96), izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-1.5 kuye ku-2 kg, i-orange, isiyingi, simnandi kakhulu. Inyama ikhilimu okhanyayo ngombala. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nezifo, amakhabe akaqhekeki, isethulo sihamba kahle;
• IVitovka ingenye yezinhlobo zokuqala kakhulu zokuvuthwa; isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku ezingama-55-70. Izithelo ezinombala wewolintshi, ezinwebekile kancane, ubukhulu bazo zihlukahlukene kakhulu: zombili izinhlobonhlobo ezincane kanye namakhabe anesisindo esingama-3.5 kg angaba khona ngasikhathi sinye embhedeni. Idepho limhlophe qwa, linomzimba, limnandi. Ukumelana nezifo ngezinga eliphakathi;
• I-Krinichanka ingesinye isethulo sezinhlobo zokuqala kakhulu: amakhabe okuqala avuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-70 ngemuva kokuvela. Izithelo ziyindilinga-oval, usayizi ophakathi (cishe 2 kg), ophuzi-olintshi. I-pulp imnandi kakhulu, ihluka ngombala (kusuka eluhlaza okotshani kuya kokhilimu). Ukusetshenziswa kwegreenhouse akuthinti ijubane lokuvuthwa: izinhlobonhlobo zingakhula ngokuntuleka kokukhanya kwemvelo;
• Igolide leScythian F1 liyi-hybrid yokuqala evuthiwe, izithelo zokuqala zivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-75-80, ziyindilinga, incane (cishe 1 kg), iphuzi. I-pulp imnandi, imnandi, ithenda, inoshukela omningi. Isethulo esihle. I-hybrid idume ngokukhiqiza kwayo okukhulu nokubekezelela okuhle kobuhlungu.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo ze-melon zokutshala i-greenhouse

Izidingo ezijwayelekile zezimo ezikhulayo

UMelon udinga ukushisa okukhulu nelanga, okumele kucatshangwe lapho ukhetha indawo yombhede. Ibekezelela ukushisa okunzima kakhulu nesimo sezulu esomile kakhulu, ngoba iyakwazi ukukhipha umswakama ezingxenyeni ezijulile zenhlabathi, kepha endaweni enomswakama ayinempilo.

Izimpande zijula ​​zingene emhlabathini ziye kumamitha ayi-1 noma ngaphezulu, yize lokhu kubonakala kuyinto enhle lapho ubheka izitshalo ezinobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu.

Amakhabe azizwa emuhle emagqumeni akhanya, ngoba amanzi amaningi awanqwabeli lapho, khona lapho izinhlobo zazo eziningi zigula ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindawo eziphakemeyo kumele zivikelwe ngokwethembekile emimoyeni ebandayo.

Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu: ikhabe alikhuli ndawo. Uyayithanda inhlabathi ekhanyayo ngesakhiwo: i-asidi engathathi hlangothi iyindlela engcono kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukwengeza isihlabathi esiningi enhlabathini yobumba, bese ugcwala umhlabathi we-acid ngokucophelela. Abaphambili kakhulu iklabishi, ukhukhamba, uphizi, ugalikhi, u-anyanisi. Kuyinto engathandeki ukutshala amakhabe ngemuva kwanoma yikuphi amakhabe, utamatisi kanye izaqathi.

Ngokuqondene nesidingo sokukhanya okuhle, azama ukukhulisa amakhabe ikakhulukazi emhlabathini ovulekile: izindonga zezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezinhle kakhulu zithola isilinganiso esikhulu sokukhanya kwelanga. Kodwa-ke, emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, abalimi abaningi baphoqeleka ukuthi batshalale isivuno kule ndawo eluhlaza, ngoba ubungozi bokungavuthwa engadini bukhulu kakhulu: ihlobo lihlukile.

UMelon udinga isikhala esiningi sokukhula okujwayelekile

Ezindaweni ezimaphakathi, yizona kuphela izinhlobo ezivuthiwe ezingatshalwa ngqo emhlabathini ngokutshala, ezimweni eziningi izithombo kufanele zilungiselelwe. Futhi ngisho ekuqaleni bamgcina ezivandeni ngaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina amafilimu, bezisusa ngaphambi kukaJuni 10.

Amarekhodi omlando akhombisa ukuthi esifundeni saseMoscow amakhabe atshalwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-500 eyedlule, esebenzisa imibhede yomquba ofudumele ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zalokhu. Zilungiselelwe kusengaphambili zisebenzisa imithamo emihle yezinto eziphilayo, embozwe ifilimu epulasitiki emnyama lapho kwenziwa khona izimbobo. Izithombo zeMelon zitshalwa kuzo, ngaphandle kokususa ifilimu ihlobo lonke, futhi uma kwenzeka zipholile, zimbozwa ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe.

Ividiyo: kukhula ikhabe embhedeni ophakeme

Izithombo ezikhulayo

Izithombo zeMelon efulethini lomuzi zizizwa zikhululekile: kukhona ukushisa okwanele, futhi uma kungekho sill yewindows yelanga, ungagqamisa ngamalambu. Uma kune-greenhouse, izithombo zingalungiswa kuyo.

Isikhathi

Lapho ubala isikhathi sokuqala kokutshala izithombo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi uzotshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo okungenani ezinsukwini ezingama-30. Kuliqiniso, uma usebenzisa amabhodwe we-peat noma amaphilisi, le nkathi ingancishiswa, ngoba ukufakelwa okunjalo akukuthinti uhlelo lwezimpande, kepha akufanele uphuthume kulolu daba. Ngakho-ke, udinga okungenani inyanga ngisho nesonto ukuhluma kwembewu. Futhi njengoba ukufakelwa engadini ezifundeni eziphakathi ngaphambi kokuqala kwehlobo kuyingozi, kuvela ukuthi isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela imbewu emabhodweni ukuphela kuka-Ephreli.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu akufanele kwenziwe kungakapheli maphakathi noMeyi, ngakho-ke ikhabe liyisiko "losuku olufushane". Leli gama lichaza izici zezinto eziphilayo zesitshalo: ukuqhakaza okujwayelekile, akudingi amahora amade kakhulu okukhanya kwelanga. Enkabeni yeRussia ngoJuni ilanga likhanya amahora angama-17, nakuma ikhabe kuningi. Esimweni esinjalo, kwakheka izimbali ezingaphansi, zithweswe impova kakhulu. Ngakho-ke inkinga: ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimo zokushisa ziyacelwa ukuba zihlwanyelwe, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhabe kufanele liqhume ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, okungenani ekuqaleni kukaJuni.

Ukuqala kokuhlwanyela ekuqaleni kukaMashi kulayini ophakathi nakho akusizi ngalutho: lapho ungatshala khona izithombo ngo-Ephreli? Kuyabanda ku-greenhouse. E-windowsill kaMashi, izitshalo zizoba buthaka. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa asinakuphikiswa: eyokugcina ka-Ephreli noma eyokuqala kaMeyi. Uma sekufudumele, ungafaka izimbiza zezithombo ku-greenhouse, uma intwasahlobo ingasetwanga - ekhaya, efasiteleni.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo

Kungcono ukutshala amakhabe izithombo ngokushesha ezindebeni ezihlukile, futhi kahle kumabhodwe we-peat: ukutshala ebhokisini nge-diving elandelayo kungenzeka, kodwa kungathandeki, amakhabe atshalwe kubuhlungu. Amandla ebhodwe aqala ku-200 ml. Igcwele ngengxube yenhlabathi yanoma yikuphi ukwakheka, kepha inhlabathi etholakala ngokuxuba izakhi kufanele ikhanye futhi ivundile. Ukwakheka okuhle kwamasheya alinganayo enhlabathi engadini, isihlabathi, i-peat ne-humus.

Kungcono ukutshala imbewu ye-melon emabhodweni we-peat, ngoba isivuno asilungile kakhulu ukufakelwa

Kepha imbewu, kungcono ukuyithenga endaweni ephephile. Uma ubathatha kusuka kwikhofi enambithengayo ethengiwe ukudla, akulona iqiniso ukuthi impumelelo izoqinisekiswa: i-hybrid ingabanjwa, futhi imbewu yabo inika amahlumela ezinhlobo ezingenakuqondakala, futhi esikhundleni sezithelo ezilindelekile, kungadingeka uzame okuthile okunotshani ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhabe athengiwe angalethwa kude futhi angangeni ngokuphelele esimweni sezulu sendawo.

Ukuqoqa imbewu kusuka kuzithelo ezikhule ngokuzimela, udinga ukukhetha amakhabe avuthiwe kakhulu kunawo wonke.

Imbewu yonyaka akufanele isetshenziswe: zinikeza izimbali eziningi ezingenalutho, awukwazi ukuthola isivuno nhlobo. Imbewu enhle kakhulu isukela eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwewu-6. Uma umsuka ungaziwa, kufanelekile ukubulala amagciwane ngendlela evamile: bamba isigamu sehora kusisombululo esibuhlungu se-potanganum permanganate, bese usula kahle amanzi. Ezindaweni ezimaphakathi, imbewu ye-amakhabe iqine ngokuqiniswa ngokubeka esiqandisini ngemuva kokuhlonza amagciwane ebusuku.

Ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo zihluma imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kodwa le nqubo ayidlali indima enkulu: imvamisa imbewu eyomile ihluma kahle.

Imbewu ye-Melon ifana nekhukhamba, okulula ukusebenza nayo

Embizeni ngayinye, ukuthambisa inhlabathi, hlwanyela imbewu engu-2-3 ukuya ekujuleni okungaba ngu-2 cm, bese ususa izithombo ezingeziwe. Kungcono ukuthi ufafaze izitshalo ungqimba lwesihlabathi esomile esomile. Ngaphambi kokuhluma, amabhodwe agcinwa efudumele ngokuwamboza ngengilazi noma ngefilimu esobala. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela (ngemuva cishe kwesonto), izinga lokushisa kufanele lehliselwe ku-16-18 ° C izinsuku eziningana, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kufanele zibe sezimweni ezinhle zokukhanya.

Ukunakekela izithombo

Lapho izithombo zikhula zifinyelela ku-2-3 cm, kuyadingeka ukushiya isitshalo esisodwa kuphela ebhodweni ngalinye. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lapho kukhula izithombo ze-melon cishe zingama-20 ° C phakathi nosuku kuze kube ngu-15 ° C ebusuku. Ukunisela ngaphansi kwempande, ngokulinganisa (isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku ezi-2). Isikhathi sasemini sezithombo kufanele sithathe cishe amahora ayi-12. Uma i-windowsill ibheke enyakatho, kungakuhle ukuthi ungeze isibani sasemuva ekukhanyeni kwemvelo.

Isibani esijwayelekile se-incandescent sizosebenzela ikhabe, kepha ngamalambu akhethekile noma ngisho nangokwakheka okubonakalayo kwe-luminescent kusondele kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga.

Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili angempela, izithombo zidinga ukondliwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa izixazululo ezibuthakathaka zanoma yimuphi umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, yize ikhabe liphatha kangcono kakhulu kwemvelo. Kuyiqiniso, akufanelekile ukuncoma ukuthi kuzalwe kabusha ama-mullein efulethini, kodwa manje sekukhona izingxoliso ezenziwe ngomumo zomanyolo we-organic ezithengiswayo. Uma izithombo zibambezelekile, ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, ukugqoka phezulu kufanele kuphindwe.

Kakade esontweni lesithathu lokuphila, izithombo ziqala ukuba kancane zilethwe kuvulandi futhi zijwayele umoya omusha. Ekuqaleni kufanele kube "ukuhamba" okuhhafu wehora, kancane kancane kwandise isikhathi. Izithombo okungenani ezinamasonto amane ubudala, zinesigaxa esiqinile namaqabunga ayiqiniso angama-5-6, zikulungele ukufakelwa.

Ukulungele ukutshala izithombo yisitshalo esisebenzayo

Ukudlulisa izithombo engadini

Emibhedeni ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, izithombo ze-melon zingadluliselwa lapho kumiswa amazinga okushisa esikhathi sasemini angaba ngu-15-20^mayelanaC, nobusuku - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-6^mayelanaC. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, umbuso onjalo uvame ukwenzeka endaweni yesimo sezulu esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, kepha ingozi yamaqele asebusuku isekhona namanje. Ngakho-ke, uma ungakwazi ukulinda elinye isonto, izithombo kufanele zitshalwe ngaphansi kwesikhashana sefilimu.

Uma izithombo zitshaliwe, futhi amafrimu esefikile, kubalulekile ukufaka indawo yokukhosela ephathekayo: noma izinga lokushisa le-zero liyabhubhisa i-ikhabe.

Isikimu sokutshala asisho ukuthi sinendawo eyanele kuphela yesihlahla ngasinye, kodwa futhi nokuthi singabanakekela: amakhabe kufanele aniselwe, anikezwe ukudla bese enza izihlahla. Lokhu kudinga indlela yamahhala kubo. Imvamisa, kusetshenziswa umhlaba okuvundlile kusetshenziswa amabanga phakathi kwamarowu okungenani ama-70-90 cm, naphakathi kwezihlahla zilandelana - kusuka ku-50 cm. Uma kunesikhala esanele embhedeni, amakhabe atshalwa ngokuya ngohlelo lwe-120 x 60 cm.

Kwesinye isikhathi kuye kwenziwa uhlobo lwamakhambi: kumjikelezo wemitha eyodwa nohhafu, isitshalo esisodwa sibekwa maphakathi no-5-6 emaphethelweni wesiyingi.

Ukutshala ikhabe kulula, kufanele ulandele lezi zinyathelo:

1. Bamba izimbobo ezijulile, engeza cishe ama-2 kg we-humus noma komquba kubo; hlanganisa umanyolo nenhlabathi uwuphuze kahle, bese ugaya umgodi nge-scoop ngosayizi wamabhodwe nezithombo.
   

   Umanyolo ngenhlabathi kumele uhlanganiswe ngokucophelela.

2. Fafaza izithombo amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
3. Ukusuka kumabhodwe epulasitiki, thola ngokucophelela izitshalo ngenqwaba yenhlabathi, amabhodwe e-peat atshalwe ephelele.
   

   Izithombo ezivela ezimbizeni zisuswa ngokucophelela ukuze zingalimazi izimpande

4. Tshala i-melon kwizimbobo ezilinganayo njengoba ikhula ekhaya noma ngisho nangaphezulu: awukwazi ukujula izitshalo.
   

   Izitshalo akufanele zingcwatshwe
5. Thela izithombo epulazini ngaphandle kokugeza umhlabathi, uqiniseke ukuthi isihlahla asiwa phansi kakhulu.
6. Faka imithombo eminingana ngesendlalelo esomile somhlabathi ohlanzekile futhi usimboze okwesikhashana nge-spanbond.

Uma isimo sezulu sifudumele ngempela, ungakwenza ngaphandle kokukhosela, kepha ukuvikelwa elangeni elikhanyayo kusadingeka; kulesimo sezulu esinjalo kuyasiza kakhulu ukucijisa izihlahla ngotshani obunjiwe.

Ividiyo: izithombo ze-melon ezikhulayo

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ikhabe engadini

Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ukuhlwanyela amakhabe ngqo engadini akuvamile ukwenziwa.Njengoba usuku lokugcina luphakathi kukaMeyi, lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele singakaqalwa, kunengozi enkulu yokuthi amahlumela azokufa futhi ikhava lesikhashana lefilimu liyadingeka. Kodwa ukutshala ikhabe ku abamba ukushisa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi sekuvele kungenzeka.

Kuhlwanywa ikhabe emhlabathini ovulekile

Njengoba ikhabe ayihlwanyelwanga ekuseni kakhulu, ingadi ingalungiswa entwasahlobo, kodwa kaningi bezama ukukwenza ekwindla. Isiza simbiwe kufosholo lwe-bayonet, senza 1 m² ibhakede lomquba elibunjiwe kahle noma lomquba. Ngaphambi nje kokuhlwanyela, kufafazwe embhedeni womlotha wezinkuni (kufika ku-1 litre nge-1 m²), unganisa inhlabathi nge-rake, futhi kangcono nomlimi.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kungenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokutshala izithombo, okungukuthi, ngemuva kukaMeyi 20: umhlaba ngalesi sikhathi usuvele ufudumele impela. Ngenkathi imbewu ibamba futhi imila, ukufudumala kwangempela kufanele kufike. Iphethini yokutshala iyafana nalena lapho utshala izithombo: ibanga elincane eliphakathi kwezimbobo ngokulandelana liyi-50 cm, phakathi kwemigqa - 70 cm.

Inqubo

1. Benza imigodi emincane nge-scoop, engeza i-1 tbsp kubo. umlotha kanye ingcosana ye-azofoska, hlanganisa futhi uthele ngamanzi afudumele.
   

   I-Azofoska ingumanyolo obalulekile wamaminerali, kepha i-melon iyadingeka ukuthatha okuncane kakhulu

2. Emgodini ngamunye kuya ekujuleni okungaba ngu-3 cm, kubekwa imbewu engu-2-3 ikhabe.
   

   Imbewu engu-2-3 kulula kakhulu ukuyithatha: inkulu kakhulu
3. Fafaza imbewu ngomhlaba, inqama, ufafaze ngesihlabathi esihlanzekile.
4. Uma isimo sezulu esifudumele singakasungulwa ngokuthembekile, amboze umbhede nge-spanbond.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12 (futhi uma kufudumele kakhulu, kuzoba sekuqala) amahlumela azovela. Lapho nje sekucaca ukuthi iyiphi enamandla kunayo, kushiya ihlumela elilodwa esidlekeni ngasinye.

Melons uhlangana kahle nommbila, ubhontshisi, isithombo, noma yimuphi amakhambi anamakha. Akufanele ube namazambane aseduze namakhukhamba. Akufanele kube khona izihlahla ezakha umthunzi oqinile. Imvamisa izimbobo ezinamakhabe ziyahlukahluka ngokutshala amakhabe.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo

Ama-Melons akhulela ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezingashisi: enye inketho ayifaneleki, ngoba leli siko lidinga ukukhanya kwelanga, kanti namahholo okugcina ukushisa anengqondo ebusika nasekuqalekeni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuze ukhule amakhabe, udinga ukukhetha izithombo zokugcina izithombo eziphakeme ezinobude obungu-2 m, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zawo kuzochitha kakhulu. Isitshalo ngasinye sidinga isikhala esiningi, ngakho amakhabe esikweni lokugcina ukushisa akhule ngokuqondile, nge-garter kuya emigqeni eqinile eyakhiwe.

Ukuze i-trellis ingangeni endaweni esemqoka yokuluhlaza, bazama ukuyibeka eceleni kwezindonga eziseceleni. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, imibhede yamakhabe ayilungiswa ingabi ngaphezu kwama-50 cm ukusuka ezindongeni, futhi imvamisa akha ama-ridges aze afike ku-20 cm ukuphakama, lapho kuhlwanyelwa khona umugqa owodwa. Phakathi kwezimbobo, izama ukugcina ibanga okungenani lama-40 cm.

Amakhabe atshalwe odongeni lwegreenhouse, akhululekile lapho

Imibhede ilungiswa kusengaphambili, kodwa ku-greenhouse kuvame ukuba njalo ukufaka inhlabathi ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma, eminyakeni edlule, amagogo akhula endaweni ekhethiwe. Umhlabathi omuhle kakhulu wegreenhouse, okufanela ukuthi ukhule amakhabe, uqukethe indawo ephansi nesihlabathi esihle (3: 1), lapho kufakwa khona chalk ne-azofoska (300 no-40 g nge-1 m nge-deoxidation)² ngokulandelana). Uma kungekho-peat, kepha kusetshenziswa umhlaba ojwayelekile wegadi, ufakwa umanyolo ngendlela efanayo nasemibhedeni evulekile.

Ukutshala amakhabe ku-greenhouse kungenzeka ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Le ndlela ayihlukile ekuhlwanyeleni engadini, kuphela akudingekile ukumboza umbhede. Kuzovela amahlumela ngezinsuku ezingama-7, kanti okokuqala ngqa kuyathandeka ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse kancane (kuya ku-16-16^mayelanaC)

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lo greenhouse ungashisi ebusuku.

Ukunakekelwa kweMelon

Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kuqukethe imisebenzi ejwayelekile yokulima: ukuthambisa, ukutshala, ukufaka umquba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-amakhabe e-melon kufanele akhiwe ukuze akwazi ukwelula isivuno: njengomthetho, izithelo eziningi kakhulu ziboshwe, futhi amahlamvu awengeziwe awadingeki. Ukunakekela ikhabe ku-greenhouse nangaphandle kwehlukile ngandlela-thile.

Ukulima ikhabe elingaphandle

I-Melon ayidingi ukuthambisa njalo: iyadingeka kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sikhula, bese - kuphela esimeni sezulu esomile. Ngaphambi kokubeka izithelo, njengomthetho, ikhabe liniselwa kanye ngesonto. Kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi awabandi kakhulu: kusihlwa afudumele kahle emigqonyeni yelanga. Ngokuqala kwezithelo, ukuthambisa kwenziwa kancane, futhi lapho amakhabe ekhula aze abe usayizi wenqindi, ayeka ngokuphelele.

Ngenkathi iziswebhu zingagcwalisanga yonke indawo yamahhala, ngemuva kwezimvula noma ukuthambisa, ukutshala okuningiliziwe kwenziwa ngokususwa kokhula. Lapho nje amahlumela aseceleni eqala ukubonakala, amakhabe aqabuke kancane. Bondle:

• Izinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngemuva kokufakelwa,
• ngokufika kwezimbali zokuqala,
• ekuqaleni kokulayishwa kwezithelo.

Umanyolo wamaminerali akufanele usetshenziswe, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukumiliselwa kwe-mullein ngokufakwa komlotha. Uma phakathi nenqubo yokukhula kwezithelo kuvela ukuthi munye kuphela wabo okhuphuka ngosayizi, kufanele kufakwe ngaphezulu kokugqoka.

Ukuthena okunekhono kwe-amakhabe, okubandakanya amahlumela wokuncipha, ukususa ama -onsons nezithelo ezeqile, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokushesha lapho kuba sobala ukuthi izithombo zithole izimpande ngempumelelo futhi zaqala ukukhula, cofa ihlumela eliyinhloko kakhulu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, amahlumela aseceleni aqala ukukhula, kepha maningi kakhulu lawo, futhi udinga ukukhetha lawo aqine kakhulu, bese ususa amanye. Izingane zokutholwa ezikhulayo zidilizwa phansi ngokuhlelekile.

Noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuthena amakhabe lubandakanya ukunciphisa inani lamahlumela nezithelo

Ema-nzalo amaningi, isithelo esithelayo sehlukile, futhi okuphambene nalokho, sicindezela amahlumela asemuva kokumiswa kwamaqabunga amathathu kuwo, ngoba isivuno esikhulu sizokwakha esiqwini esikhulu.

Noma ngokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kakhulu, isihlahla se-melon ngeke sondle izithelo ezingaphezu kwe-6 (kanti ezinkulu kunazo zonke - izingcezu ezi-2-3 kuphela), ngakho-ke ezinye esele kuzodingeka zinikelwe. Njengoba izitshalo ze-amakhabe zingakhonjiswa kakhulu kuma-trellises emhlabathini ovulekile, kuyasiza ukubeka ama-plywood noma amapulangwe amancane ngaphansi kwesithelo ngasinye ukuze amakhabe angalali emhlabathini ongenalutho futhi angaboli uma kwenzeka kunetha.

Imicimbi ekhethekile ku-greenhouse

Ku-greenhouse, impova yokufakelwa ingezwa kuyo yonke imisebenzi engenhla. Emoyeni omusha, izinambuzane ezindizayo zenza lokhu, okuvame ukuvela emhlabathini ovikelekile. Vele, uma abamba ukushisa kungene umoya ngokuhlelekile (futhi kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu), khona-ke izinyosi zingandizela kizo, kodwa kulokhu inqubo ngeke ishiywe ngengozi. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi uqobo kufanele aqoke izimbali eziningana zesilisa (lezo ezisesiteketheni eside esinqenqemeni), azinqume kuzo futhi azithinte kaningana ngaphakathi kwezimbali zesifazane. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngosuku lokuqala noma ezimbili ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali zesilisa kuze kube yilapho impova isizungezile.

Enye into yokunakekela amakhabe endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyabakhulisa kwi-trellis ukuze bonge isikhala. Kungaba noma yikuphi ukusekela okumi ngokuqinile okulengiswa kukho i-melon whip (bona ngokwabo ngeke bakhuphuke). Njengoba amakhabe avuthiwe angawa, wona (ngemuva kokufinyelela usayizi we-apula omaphakathi) afakwa kunoma iyiphi iminetela efanelekile eboshelwe kuma-trellises.

I-mesh iyadingeka ukuze ikhabe ingawi futhi iphule

Ku-greenhouse, izihlahla kwenziwa kancane: izithelo ezingeziwe lapho ngokuvamile azibophele noma zife ngokushesha okukhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungagcwali amanzi ngokweqile: umswakama ngokweqile ku-greenhouse ugcwele ngokuvela kwezifo.

Ividiyo: amakhabe ku greenhouse

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Izinhlobo eziningi zesimanje zamakhabe zimelana nezifo nezinambuzane, futhi izakhamizi zasehlobo eziningi azinaki kulokhu. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ukugula okufaka ingozi:

• i-powdery isikhutha ivela kuqala emaqabungeni, bese idlulela kweziqu. Isibonakaliso sokubukeka zingamabala amancane amhlophe, afana nefulawa. Amahlamvu ngokushesha aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe. Uma lolu daba seludlulele kude, izithelo ziyamangala. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo kuqukethe iqoqo ngokucophelela lazo zonke izinsalela zezitshalo nokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, amalungiselelo wesibabule we-colloidal asiza;
  

  I-Powdery mildew kunzima ukungayiboni: amaqabunga angathi afafazwe ngenhlanganisela emhlophe

• ukubonwa kwe-olive kubonakala emaqabungeni ngesimo samabala ansundu, eziqwini ngesimo sezilonda. Uma kukhulunywa ngezithelo, amabala avela kubo, aphenduka ngokushesha abe izilonda ezimnyama. Ukuvimbela nokulwa nokubona amabala kuyafana ne-powdery hlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokutheleleka kanzima, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Bordeaux fluid kungenzeka;
  

  Lapho amahlamvu omnqumo abona embozwe amnyama amabala

• I-Anthracnose ivela ngendlela yamabala amakhulu aphuzi ngamaqabunga, isiqu nezithelo. Ngokushesha izindawo ziba bomvana. Ikakhulu kaningi, lesi sifo senzeka ngomswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi nomoya, obonwa ikakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Uma lesi sifo siqhubeka, izitshalo ziyafa. Ngokunakekela kahle okutshalekile, ukugula akuvamile, futhi ngokubonakala kwawo, ngaphezu kwamalungiselelo wesibabule, isisombululo esingu-1% sengxube yeBordeaux singasiza.
  

  Nge-anthracnose, kuvela iziqu ezibomvana ezithelo

Ama-aphid ama-Melon kanye nama-spider mites yizilokazane eziyingozi kakhulu ze-melon. Azizihlaseli izithelo, kodwa zilimaza kakhulu amaqabunga, zincela ujusi zazo. Njengoba ukulimala okukhulu kwamaqabunga kuholela ekufeni kwabo, izitshalo azitholi isilinganiso esifanele sezakhi zomzimba futhi zingase zife ngenxa yalokho. Ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane kuwukushintshana okuqinile kwezilimo engadini nokulawula ukhula ngesikhathi. Lapho kuvela inani elikhulu lezinambuzane, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-karbofos noma isixazululo esinamandla sesepha.

I-Melon aphid inenga isitshalo

Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezinkulu, izinyoni nazo kufanelekile ukuzisho, ikakhulukazi igwababa, ezidonsa ingxenye enkulu yesilimo esivuthiwe.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ebangeni eliphakathi, amakhabe angalindelwa kusukela ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Ngokuvuthwa okuthe xaxa, ziguqulwa uma kungenzeka ngamacala ahlukahlukene elangeni. Kulula kakhulu ukunquma ukuvuthwa kwe-melon embhedeni kunekhabe: ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, bathola umbala wokuhlukahluka, futhi ezimweni eziningi ngisho nangaphandle kokusika iphunga elimnandi. Uma ikhabe lingakavuthi kancane, kulungile: ukuvuthwa kwalo kuzoqhubeka ngesikhathi sokuqala ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa. Kodwa izithelo ezingakulungele ngokuphelele azikufanele ukukhethwa: ngeke zifinyelele ukuvuthwa, kodwa zimane zinyamalale. Awukwazi ukushiya amakhabe engadini isikhathi eside kunesikhathi esibekiwe: lapho kuvuthwa kabusha, izinhlobo eziningi ziyaqhekeka, emva kwalokho zithinteka masinyane yizinyoni nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.

Amakhabe asikwa kanye ne-peduncle ubude obungu-4-5 cm. Kufanele ahanjiswe endaweni yokugcina ngokucophelela, kudoti oluthambile, ukuvikela ekuthuseni. Kungcono ukuthi uzigcine ngokuhlukile kwezinye izithelo nemifino. Izinhlobo eziningi ezikhule ezifundeni eziphakathi nendawo azihambelani nokugcinwa isikhathi eside, kodwa kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi amakhabe sekwedlule isikhathi angagcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele izinyanga eziyisithupha. Lokhu, okokuqala, amazinga okushisa aphansi (1-3 ° C) hhayi umswakama ophakeme kakhulu (70-80%).

Ukutshala i-melon enhle emgqeni ophakathi nendawo akulula: izinhlobo eziningi azinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa. Kepha phakathi kokuvuthwa kukhona izinhlobo nama-nzalo anikeza izithelo ezihlwabusayo kakhulu. Umhlali wasehlobo kufanele abekezele, ngoba kufiseleka ukuthi akhule ikhabe ngokusebenzisa izithombo, nasengadini ukuze ayinakekele ngokuhlelekile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, emadolobheni angaphansi komhlaba kungenzeka ukuthi uzijabulise ngezithelo ezinamakha.