Siyawazi ukunambitheka nephunga le-blackcurrant kusukela ebuntwaneni. Lawa majikijolo ayigumbi lamavithamini. Kepha ngokunakekelwa okungafanele noma okunganele, lapho ehlathini ligula noma lihlaselwa izinambuzane, isivuno se-currant siyahlupheka. Ukuze uvikele lokhu, udinga ukulandela izincomo ezilula ezimbalwa.
Isidingo sokucubungula ama-currants entwasahlobo
Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo kuyisimo esiyinhloko sokunakekelwa okufanele kwama-currants. Inambuzane iningi ebusika kahle emhlabathini ngaphansi kwezihlahla namaqabunga amadala, noma kubanda kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi sokunciphisa izinambuzane ngaphambi kokuba zande futhi zilimaze isitshalo. Izindlela zokuvimbela ngesikhathi zithathiwe zizokusindisa enkingeni engadingekile futhi uqinisekise isivuno esihle. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa isikhathi esincane entwasahlobo kunokulwa nezifo noma izinambuzane isikhathi eside.
Ukwelashwa kwezihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kusebenza kakhulu, njengoba umsebenzi wezinambuzane ukhuphuka ngokufudumala, futhi kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukubhekana nakho.
Ukusebenza nini ehlathini
Izinambuzane zivuka ngemfudumalo yokuqala yasentwasahlobo. Lapho nje iqhwa selincibilikile futhi amazinga okushisa engapheli engeqi ku-0 ° C, hlola izitebhisi. Kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi sokucubungula izihlahla ezihlwabusayo ngaphambi kokuvuvukala, lapho isihlahla singakaqedi ngokuphelele futhi singakasuki. Ngalesi sikhathi, kulula ukuguqula amagciwane futhi uchithe izibungu zezinambuzane.
Amabhasi kufanele abe sesimeni esishisayo esinama-buds angenawo ukuvuvukala
Akudingekile ukuqinisa ukwelashwa kwezihlahla, ngoba ama-currants akhipha ama-buds ngokushesha okukhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukubikezela usuku oluqondile, gxila ezimweni zezulu futhi ubheke ngokucophelela amazinga okushisa.
Ungaphatha kanjani
Kunezindlela eziningi zokulawula izinambuzane nezifo ze-currant:
- izindlela zabantu (ukuthulula amanzi abilayo, ukufafaza nge-infusions ehlukahlukene, ukuvutha ngomlilo, njll.);
- amalungiselelo e-agrochemical (u-Bordeaux uketshezi, urea, u-Aktara, uKarbofos, u-Iskra-M, njll.);
- imikhiqizo ye-biological (Gamair, Pentafag, Trichodermin, Nemabakt, Fitoverm, njll).
Izindlela zika "Fogo" zikhulu
Izinzuzo zezindlela zabantu: ukufinyeleleka, ukwenza lula kanye nokusebenza kahle.
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi abilayo
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi ecishe ibe mahhala yokucubungula ama-currant bush, osetshenziswe ngempumelelo iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili.
Icubungula amanzi abilayo anezinhloso eziningana:
- Ukubhujiswa komkhaza oqinisayo obhoboka ekuhlumeni kwesihlahla;
- i-Powdery isikhutha ukuqedwa;
- ukuvusa ukungatheleleki kwezitshalo kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula;
- ukwenza ngcono ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo nokukhiqiza okukhulayo;
- ukusheshisa ukuvuswa nokukhula kwesihlahla;
- ukuqothulwa kwe-aphid.
Ithikhi yezinso iyona inkathazo eyingozi kunazo zonke yama-currants, kunzima kakhulu ukulwa nayo. Imisuka yobukhona bakhe itholakala ezinso ezivuvukayo. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, susa izinso ezilimele ngokusobala, bese uqiniseka ukuthi uzishisa.
Uhlelo lwezimpande zezihlahla zidinga ukumbozwa kancane ngamabhodi, amashidi ensimbi noma ezinye izinto ezenziwe ngcono ukugwema ukushiswa. Nikeza ukufinyelela kwezitshalo kusengaphambili, cabanga ukulandelana kwezenzo, njengoba amanzi ephola ngokushesha. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthola izihlahla ezinamanzi ahlanganisiwe.
Bopha amagatsha ngentambo noma ucingo ngenqwaba yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi.
Kungcono ukunisela izihlahla kusuka kwensimbi yokunisela yensimbi, ngoba amanzi abilayo azoholela ekuguqukeni kwepulasitiki. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu liseduze kuka-70-80 ° C. Amanzi anezinga lokushisa elingaphezu kwama-80 ° C angadala ukushiswa kwesitshalo, futhi kubanda kune-70 ° C - ngeke kubangele ukufa kwezinambuzane.
Thela amanzi abilayo emiseleni yokunisela, ngoba amanzi azophola afinyelela kumazinga okushisa afisayo ngesikhathi sokufaka nokulethwa endaweni yomsebenzi. Ukuze uthuthukise imiphumela, engeza amakristalu amaningana e-potassium permanganate, usawoti noma i-sulfate yethusi emanzini. Udinga ukunisela ngokushesha nangendlela efanele, uzama ukungaphuthelwa yigatsha elilodwa, ungahlali endaweni eyodwa imizuzwana engaphezu kwesi-5.
Bese ukhulule futhi uchithe umhlaba uzungeze, ngoba izinambuzane ezinobuthi zihlala emhlabathini waphezulu. Kulokhu, ukuthulula amanzi abilayo ngqo ezimpandeni zesitshalo akufanele, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela ekushisweni nasekufeni kwesihlahla.
Kuyadingeka ukuthulula amanzi abilayo kuwo wonke amagatsha ngaphandle kokuphutha nelilodwa
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo esihlahleni ngasinye kuvame ukuba yi-5-6 l. Kepha konke kunqunywa ngosayizi wesitshalo. Ukucubungula ngamanzi abilayo kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi enemvelo, ngoba amalungiselelo amakhemikhali awasetshenziswa ngenkathi kusetshenzwa.
Awusoze uchithe isihlahla futhi, noma ngabe kukhona okuphuphile. Kungalimaza isitshalo.
Isixazululo se-Ash
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa enye indlela ephephile, kodwa ephumelelayo yokulwa nezifo zezihlahla (kufaka phakathi i-powdery hlobo). Izitshalo zifafazwa ngesisombululo somlotha.
Kulula kakhulu ukulungisa isisombululo somlotha:
- Ku-10 l wamanzi engeza i-1 kg yomlotha wezinkuni ogcwele.
- Shiya ikhambi izinsuku ezingama-3-7, ovusa amandla ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Khipha ngokucophelela umanyolo, uqaphele ukuthi ungawuvimbi udaka.
- Faka inani elincane lesepha lokuhlanza elihlanganisiwe ekwakhiweni kwalo ukuze lapho ulifafaza linamathela kangcono emagatsheni.
Isixazululo se-Ash kufanele sixubaniswe ngezikhathi ezithile
Fafaza ama-currants ngesisombululo esisanda kulungiswa ngosuku olomile noluzolile, mhlawumbe kusihlwa.
Uma kungekho isifutho, kufanelekile ukusebenza ngebhulashi elithambile, elibanzi.
Kuyadingeka ukucubungula ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokunganaki iqabunga elilodwa, igatsha ngalinye kanye neqabunga ngalinye ezinhlangothini zombili. Inqubo efanayo yenziwa kathathu, ukuthatha ikhefu izinsuku ezingama-1-2. Ukudepha okufakwa ebhakedeni kufakwa emanzini bese kuthululelwa ngqo ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Ukwelashwa ngomlilo
Ekupheleni impela kobusika, lapho iqhwa lingakancibilika, futhi ngenkathi i-currant isalele, izihlahla zihlanzwa ngomlilo. Kulokhu, ithoshi legesi noma i-blowtorch kufanelekile. Umlilo oqondile kumagatsha ukusuka kude ne-8-10 cm. Ungahlali endaweni eyodwa - vele ubambe ngelangabi amahlandla ama-2-3. Inqubo ishisa kahle imikhaza, amaqanda e-aphid nezinye izinambuzane.
Ukushisa kuyindlela yokuvimbela esebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu.
Qaphela: ungashisi amagatsha, kepha ushise kancane kuphela. Akubona bonke abalimi abayibona le ndlela yokwelashwa njengephephile.
Ividiyo: izihlahla zasentwasahlobo kanye nokusebenza kwamasethi e-currant ngomlilo usebenzisa i-blowtorch
I-infusions yamakhambi
Kungenzeka ukucubungula ama-currant bush ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezilungiselelwe ngesisekelo sezitshalo ezingenakubulala. Ziyasebenza futhi impela, kepha ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo azitholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Entwasahlobo yokuqala, akuwona wonke amakhambi asakhulile, kodwa ikhasi le-anyanisi cishe seliseduze.
Njengokuvimbela, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- I-Garlic tincture. Faka u-100 g wegalikhi oqoshiwe ebhakedeni lamanzi, ushiye amahora angama-20-25. Phatha isihlahla ngesisombululo esisha.
- I-anyanisi ikhasi. Ebhakede lamanzi ashisa kakhulu, cwilisa ama-1.5 kg of husk, ubunzima ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ngemuva kokuxovuza ukumnika ngesigamu ngamanzi, fafaza i-currant kathathu ngekhefu lezinsuku ezingama-5-7.
- I-Dandelion. 1,2-1,5 kg wesitshalo (nge-rhizome) uthele amalitha ayi-10 amanzi afudumele. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-2-3, usungafafaza i-currants.
- Khipha i-Coniferous. Dissolve 1-2 tbsp ku-10 l wamanzi. l khipha bese ufafaza izitshalo ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7, phinda inqubo.
- UMarigolds (angomile). Ebhakede lamanzi abilayo, yenza ama-30-40 g ezitshalo. Ngemuva kokupholisa, cubungula amagatsha bese unisela umhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Ukwelashwa kwe-agrochemical
Izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela ziyisiqinisekiso sesivuno esihle. Ukufafaza ngesikhathi kanye nanoma yiphi i-ejenti eshiwo ngezansi kungenza lula kakhulu konke ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kwabahlanguli.
Urea
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho baphatha ama-currants, lapho amaqabunga angakaqhakaza, ngesixazululo se-urea ngokufakwa kwe-zethusi sulfate. Kwibhakethi lamalitha ayishumi, thatha i-700 g ye-urea (urea) ne-50-100 g ye-vitriol. Ukwakheka okunjalo kuzobulala izibungu namaqanda ezinambuzane ezinambuzane, futhi kubhubhise nenqwaba yesikhunta kanye nesibazi.
I-Urea iyisinambuzane nomanyolo
Ingxube ingumanyolo omuhle kakhulu we-nitrogen futhi isebenza njengokugqoka okungaphezulu kwefoliar. Isixazululo simunca ngokuvuvukala, kepha singakakavulwa ukuqhakaza namagxolo amahlumela, ngaleyo ndlela sivusa lesi sitshalo futhi sisheshise ukuqala kwenkathi yezitshalo. Lokhu kwelashwa kunomthelela omuhle ekunambithekeni kwamajikijolo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ukuqoqwa kwesisombululo futhi ungafafaza amaqabunga amancane, ngoba azothola ukushiswa ngamakhemikhali.
Uma bekungenakwenzeka ukwenza ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, khona-ke ukuqoqwa kwe-urea kumele kuncishiswe amahlandla ayishumi (50-70 g nge-10 l).
I-iron sulfate
I-iron sulfate iyithuluzi elisebenzayo ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane eziyingozi. Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo ngesixazululo esingu-1-3% kusebenza kakhulu ekulweni ne-ancracnose ye-currant. Ukucubungula nge-vitriol kwenziwa kabili ngesikhawu sesigamu sehora. Kubalulekile ukubamba isikhathi ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, futhi okungcono - ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Futha izihlahla kusihlwa ngesimo sezulu esipholile nesomile.
Iron sulphate ingacubungula amaqabunga amancane e-currant
I-ironron sulfate iyasiza ekulweni nezilokazane, izibungu zazo kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene zokukhunta (amabala, i-powdery hlobo. Kepha futhi kungumanyolo omuhle ongazenzela ukuntuleka kwensimbi.
Uketshezi lweBordeaux
Ukuvimbela isifo se-currant nge-anthracnose, amabala nokugqwala, isetshenziswa isisombululo esingu-1% se-Bordeaux liquid, okuyisisombululo samanzi sengxube ekhethekile ye-sulfate yethusi nesikhathi esisheshayo. Izinambuzane ziqhakaza ubusika ku-udoti ngaphansi kwezihlahla, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukutshala inhlabathi embuthanweni osondelene nesiqu, ngemuva kokususa amaqabunga amadala kanye nemfucumfucu.
Isixazululo se-Bordeaux ingxube - isidakamizwa esisebenza kahle ngokumelene nama-anthracnose curators
I-Bordeaux fluid iyikhambi lendawo yonke lokulwa nenani elikhulu lezifo.
I-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokumelene ne-powdery hlobo
I-Powderyypew yisifo esiyingozi esiyingozi kakhulu esisikhunta esibangelwa ama-ectoparasites. Iwenza buthaka isitshalo, inciphise isivuno futhi, ekugcineni, ingabhubhisa izihlahla. Lesi yisifo esithathelwanayo esidluliselwa yizinambuzane, umoya kanye nalapho sinisela noma sicubungula. I-Powdery mildew spores ebusika ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezitshalweni zemithi (amajikijolo awile, amaqabunga, amahlumela).
Ama-Powdery mildew spores asatshalaliswa ngamathuluzi, amathuluzi engadi, amagilavu nezicathulo.
Isixazululo se-Copper sulfate sisiza ngokulwa ne-Powdery isikhutha
Kunzima ngokuphelele ukubhubhisa i-Powusy isikhutha, kepha imiphumela elimazayo ingancishiswa ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Isibonelo, ungafafaza ama-currants ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngesixazululo se-3-5% se-sulfate yethusi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba amabhuleki avule. Cubungula ngokucophelela ihlumela ngalinye kuzo zonke izinhlangothi nenhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla.
Ingasetshenziselwa ukufafaza i-3% Nitrafen solution. Inqubo inconywa ukuthi iphindwe futhi ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane
Ngokubhujiswa okuthembekile kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, kulungiswa amakhemikhali. Entwasahlobo yokuqala noma ngaphambi kokuhluma, izihlahla ziphathwa ngesibabule se-colloidal noma esihlakazekile. Imiphumela emihle inikezwa ngokufafaza ngezidakamizwa:
- I-Aktara
- Inta Vir,
- I-Kinmix
- I-Sulfaride
- I-Chlorophos
- Karbofos.
Ukufafaza ngamakhemikhali kwama-currants kuyindlela ethembekile yokuqeda izinambuzane.
Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane iyizinto ezinobuthi, ngakho-ke kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela uma zonke ezinye izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane zingasebenzi.
Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo
Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo inenzuzo engenakuphikwa ngaphezu kwama-agrochemicals. Ziphephile kubantu, izinyoni nezilwane. Noma kunjalo, baqala ukukhombisa izakhiwo zabo emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokucutshungulwa. Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ifinyelela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokushisa okungenani kwe-15 ° C, ngakho-ke emazingeni okushisa aphansi kuyanconywa ukusonga isihlahla kwifilimu izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ukudala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa.
Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo isebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-15 ° C futhi ayinangozi kubantu, ezinyoni nasezilwaneni.
Izibonelo zemikhiqizo yemvelo:
- Isenzo;
- I-Fitoverm;
- I-Bitoxibacillin;
- I-Nemabact;
- I-Trichodermin;
- Gamair.
Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yemvelo ngokuhambisana ngqo nemiyalo enamathiselwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusebenza kwayo ngokulawula izinambuzane zama-currant bush kungaba ngaphansi kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kokuvinjelwa kwentwasahlobo kwama-currant bushes kubaluleke kakhulu Lesi isiqinisekiso sempilo yezitshalo kanye nesiqinisekiso sesivuno esiningi. Ukuvikela ama-currants ngaphambi kwezilokazane nezifo kulula ukwedlula ukwenza imizamo ebalulekile nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinobuthi. Qapha ngokucophelela isimo samasethi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo nezisebenzayo zokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane.
