Bow - isitshalo esingenakulinganiswa esitokisini cishe cishe bonke abesifazana. Inikeza izitsha zokuzikhethela futhi zithuthukise ukunambitheka kwazo, futhi iphunga eliyisici lihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yokudla ngephunga elimnandi. Ngokuvamile emakhishini ethu ungathola anyanisi, kodwa kunezinye izinhlobo ezingekho ngaphansi. Ngokuyinhloko, izitshalo ezinjalo zifaka futhi shallotIncazelo echazwe ngezansi.
Izimpawu ze-shallots. Umehluko kusuka ku-bulb
Izimpawu nezici ze-shallots, kufaka phakathi lezo eziphathelene nokulima kwayo, zisondelene kakhulu nalawo anyanisi. Umehluko omkhulu yi-branching eqinile kakhulu, ama-small and persistence.
Ngokwezibonakaliso zangaphandle, ama-shallots amancane kunama-anyanisi, kodwa amaqabunga afana ne-fisty. (kuphela kuleli cala elincanyana), ubude be-awl kanye nobude bufinyelela ku-20-40 cm. Umbala wamaqabunga amaqabunga alezi zintlobo ziluhlaza obumnyama, ngengubo encane. Emagatsheni atholakale ngokushesha emaqabunga angu-7-10.
Ama-bulb angase abe nesimo se-oval, nxazonke noma esiphezulu, nakuba ngokuvamile ngokuvamile kungavamile (ngenxa yokusondelana kwama-bulb esidlekeni). Esimweni esomile sesitshalo, umbala we-flakes uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubhedu, obomvu-ophuzi, obomvu, obomvu-violet noma obomvu, kuyilapho umbala wama-flake amahle anombala omhlophe, obuluhlaza noma obuhlaza.
Wonke ama-onion-shallot ama-multi-stemmed, ane-1.5 kuya ku-4 cm. Ama-peduncles afinyelela ukuphakama kuka-70-100 cm ukuphakama futhi akupheli nhlobo. I-inflorescence iyindilinga futhi imelelwa isambulela ehlukahlukene. Ama-Pedicels ngokuvamile avame izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kunezimbali ngokwabo.
Amaphethini we-perianth amhlophe, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ama-pinkish, ane-vein emnyama. Imbewu yincane kakhulu kunamanye anyanisi e-chernushka, futhi kwezinye izimo u-anyanisi omoya akhiwa ema-inflorescences.
Ngokuqondene nobuchwepheshe bokulima be-shallots ezikhulayo, cishe kufana ne-anyanisi. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukungezwani okumelwe kucatshangelwe. Isibonelo, i-shallot ikhetha izindawo eziningi ezivundiwe, ezivundile, nokubunjwa kwazo kumele kube nzima kunezinyanisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungcono uma utshala isitshalo endaweni yokukhula kwangaphambili kwezitshalo ezinomsoco. Uma isibhamu sesivele sesikhulile esiqhingini, khona-ke singatshalwa lapha kungekuqaleni kuka-3-4 iminyaka.
Nge-bulb eyodwa etshalwe, ungathola isidleke ngezinhlobo ezintsha ezingu-40, ubuningi bezinombolo zazo ngokuvamile eziba ngu-600-900 g. Kodwa u-anyanisi owodwa unesisindo esingakanani ngeshidi? Kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, isisindo saso sihlukahluka ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ku-15 ukuya ku-30 ​​g.
Okokuqala, isiko esichazwe sitshalwe ngenxa yamanzi, amathenda namavithamini, nakuba amancane amancane, alondolozwe kahle.
Shallots - ukubukeka kokuqala, futhi lokhu kungenye umehluko kusuka anyanisi. Uma unesimo sezulu esishisayo, izitshalo ezitshalwe zizovuthwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-70-80 emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga, bese uqala ukusika imifino zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-28-30 emva kokutshala. Nokho, kule ndaba, izimo zezulu ezingathinta isikhathi sokuvuthwa (kungakapheli amasonto amabili) kufanele zicatshangelwe.
Uma unquma ukutshala ama-shallots esakhiweni sakho, mhlawumbe usuvele wazi ukuthi lesi sitshalo sicebile izakhi futhi amavithamini B1, B2 ne-PP, kanye ne-carotene futhi wonke ama-salts adingekayo azuzisa umzimba.
Uyazi? Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwalolu hlobo lwe-anyanisi kudala ngonyaka ka-1261. Phakathi nekhulu le-13, u-shallots, kanye no-anyanisi kanye negalikhi, ngokushesha wathola ukuthandwa kulo lonke elaseNormandy.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika
Noma yikuphi u-anyanisi kudinga inhlabathi evundile efanelekile, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi ibe yinto ekhululekile, ifakwe umanyolo futhi ingabi nhlobo nokhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esibalulekile yizitshalo zangaphambili. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, ungatshali izitshalo ze-shallots esakhiweni esifanayo iminyaka eminingana elandelanayo.
Isikhathi esiphakathi kwe-plantings kufanele sibe okungenani iminyaka engu-3-4. Futhi, lezi zinhlobo azibekezeli indawo ene-bulb anyanisi, ngakho-ke uma lesi sitshalo sikhula kuso, kungcono ukuthola enye indawo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo okwehlukile kuyadingeka hhayi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili azihambisani, kodwa futhi ukuvikela isitshalo ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane ezivamile.
I-Humus kufanele ifakwe ngaphansi kokulima kwekwindla, ngesilinganiso esingu-4-6 kg / m².
Uyazi? I-wet humus-sandy noma i-humus loams elula ibhekwa njengenhlabathi engcono yokutshala ama-shallots, kepha isitshalo sithela isivuno esihle emhlabathini owodwa onothuli otholakala ezigodini zemifula efudumele.
Izici zokutshala shallots
Naphezu kokuthi izitshalo eziningi anyanisi zihlwanyelwe ekufikeni kwentwasahlobo, u-shallots ubekezela ngokubekezela ukutshala ekwindla. Ngayinye yalezi zinketho inezingqayizivele zayo zenqubo, ngakho-ke siyibheka ngayinye yazo ngokuhlukile.
Ukutshala kwekwindla
Ekuboneni kuqala, impendulo yombuzo othi "Nini ukutshala ama-shallots?" zibikezeleke, kodwa kwezinye izimo, ukutshala kwentwasahlobo ejwayelekile kungenziwa esikhundleni sekwindla.
Uma utshala ama-shallots ngaphambi kobusika (ngokuvamile benza lokhu phakathi kuka-Okthoba), kubalulekile ukuthi kuthatha izimpande, kodwa akuqali ukukhula, kusukela esimweni esinjalo uyoba namathuba amaningi okudlulisa ngempumelelo amaqhwa ebusika. Ngemuva kokutshala ama-bulb ekujuleni kwe-2-4 cm, i-mulch imibhede ne-peat, ezosiza isitshalo ukuthi sibhekane nokushisa okuncane okungaphansi kwe-zero.
Kubalulekile! I-Shallots ingakwazi ukumelana namachiza okushisa kuya ku -20 ° C, nokugcina amandla abo ngisho nangemva kokungena kweqhwa, kodwa ukutshala kwekwindla kusengcono kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Lapho i-podzimny ifika emgwaqeni ophakathi, izakhamuzi zasehlobo zivame ukulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-50% Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ama-specimens amancane ephikisana kakhulu namazinga okushisa aphansi, isitshalo esikhulu siphelelwa ngokuphelele.
Noma kunjalo, kunezinzuzo ezithile zokufika okungaphansi kwebusika. Isibonelo, amafomu we-anyanisi aqhekeziwe asemaqabeni amaningi kunalowo owatshalwe entwasahlobo. Ukutshala ama-shallot amawa ekwindla, ngemuva kweqhwa eliqhakazile, uzoba nemvelo yokuqala.
Ukufika kwe Spring
Njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi ama-shallots ayesabi isithwathwa, atshalwa phansi ngo-Ephreli. Kulesi simo, "umndeni" (igama lesibili lalezi zinhlobo) linesikhathi sokuthola amanzi ancibilikile, futhi ukukhula okunamandla kwe-anyanisi kuwela ezinsukwini ezide kakhulu zonyaka. Uma uzosebenzisa u-anyanisi etshalwe kuphela emifino, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe ngu-20 cm, futhi phakathi kwama-bulbs ngokwawo - 10 cm.
Ngalolu hlelo, zonke izitshalo ezintathu zingasetshenziswa emifino. Uma kwenzeka ukuvunwa kwama-bulb kungcono kakhulu, batshalwe kancane kancane, kulandela uhlelo lwama-20 x 15. Uma utshala ama-bulb amakhulu kakhulu, ungashiya ku-30 ​​cm phakathi kwawo, futhi kufanele uhanjiswe ku-5 cm ejulile.
Ukutshala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ama-bulb akhethiwe, inqwaba engaphansi kwe-9-10 g (itholakala ngo-190-250 g ngalinye ngehora elilodwa lemitha), kanti ububanzi phakathi buhambisana namamentimitha amathathu.
Ukuzama ukuphendula umbuzo othi "Ungakhula kanjani ama-shallots ezweni?", Ngokuqinisekile uzofunda ngendlela yokukhiqiza yalesi siko. Kulesi simo, inqubo yokufika kulandelayo: Imbewu ye-anyanisi ihlwanyelwa emifula kuze kufike ku-3 cm ejulile, ngokuba ngaphambili yayibaqoqa esikhwameni se-gauze samanzi amahora angu-48. Emva kokuhlwanyela, ukutshala ama-grooves kufanele kuthunwe nge-peat noma umquba.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi indlela ye-vegetative yokukhula kwe-shallots iyasebenza kakhulu futhi ilula kakhulu, ngoba imbewu yalezi zilwane zivuthiwe kabi kakhulu.
Ukulima nokukhathalela
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwama-shallots, kubalulekile ukunamathela emithethweni ethile ye-agrotechnical, okuyiyokuqala, ehlinzekela ukuhambisana nombuso wokunisela, ukukhulula, ukufaka umquba kanye nokwehlisa inhlabathi.
Ukunisela, ukukhulula nokukhipha inhlabathi
Sesivele sithole indlela yokutshala ama-shallots entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, kodwa lokhu akwanele isitshalo esicebile nesiphakeme. Iqiniso liwukuthi izitshalo zokuchelela zidlala indima ebalulekile, okumele ibe njalo engxenyeni yokuqala yenkathi ekhulayo.
Yilokho kusukela ngoMeyi kuya phakathi noJulayi, ukusetshenziswa kwemanzi enhlabathini kwenziwa 3-4 izikhathi ngesonto, futhi ikakhulukazi eshisayo nesomiso inani lokunisela liyanda. Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, imvamisa yabo iyancishiswa, imisa ngokuphelele ukwethulwa kwamanzi amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Ngokusho kwemithetho ejwayelekile yokutshala u-anyanisi, ukuchelela izitshalo kwenziwa njengoba kudingeka, kodwa ukuze inhlabathi ingene futhi ingagcwaliswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emva kokusungulwa kokuketshezi kwamanzi, i-aisle kumele ikhululwe ku-3-5 cm ejulile, futhi izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu ngezikhathi ezithile, ukukhishwa kwenzelwa ukujula kwama-5-6 cm.
Kubalulekile! Ekufezeni le nqubo, akudingekile ukuthululela inhlabathi ezitshalweni ngokwazo, njengoba lokhu kuzokwehlisa inqubo yokuvuthwa ama-bulbs.
Uma ukhula ngama-shallots ngaphansi kwezimo zokubamba ukushisa, inhlabathi engajulile iyakhululeka ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye.
Ukuze kube nesitshalo esikhulu phakathi nohlobo, amanye ama-bulb asusiwe esidlekeni, eshiya kuphela ama-specimens amakhulu (ama-5-6 ayizicucu) kuwo. Loluhlobo lwe-weeding lwenziwa kanje: umhlabathi ukhonjiswe ngokucophelela futhi, kanye ne-feather, i-anyanisi encane kunazo zonke idonswa kuwo. Kufanele futhi uqoqe wonke ukhula olutholakala kuphela enhlabathini.
Umanyolo
Ikhwalithi yokuvuna esikhathini esizayo nayo ithinteka kakhulu ekuhambeni kwesikhathi kokudla. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamafomu omzimba ahlanzekile kunomthelela ekwakheni izimpaphe ezinkulu kanye nama-bulb okungafaneleki ukugcina u-anyanisi ku-shallots, ngakho-ke umquba waminyaka emithathu ufaneleka kakhulu ukugqoka. Ngonyaka wokuhlwanyela u-anyanisi, umhlabathi kufanele ukhule, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa umquba obolile.
Ukuze i-shallots ikhule futhi ikhule ngendlela evamile, ngesikhathi sokukhula izitshalo zichitha ukudla okubili okungeziwe: owokuqala - amasonto amabili emva kokukhula kwama-bulb (njengoba umanyolo usebenzise izinyoni ze-bird droppings noma i-mullein, ihlanjululwe emanzini ngesilinganiso se-1: 1), futhi okwesibili - Ekuqaleni kokubunjwa kwama-bulb. Esikhathini sokuqala, i-slurry ehlanjululwayo ka-1: 5 nayo ifanelekile indima yomanyolo (ibhakede elilodwa kufanele lanele ngokwanele 10 m²).
Uma kungabikho umquba ophilayo, ungashintshwa ngamaminerali. Isibonelo, 10 g / m² ye-ammonium nitrate kanye no-10-15 g / m² we-superphosphate. Inkinga ye-organic ingasuswa endaweni yesigaba sesibili sokutshala u-anyanisi. Kulesi simo, 1 m² yokutshala uzodinga 10-15 g we-potassium chloride no-10-15 g we-superphosphate.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-shallot
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuvela kwezifo ze-shallots yikusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwento efanayo yokutshala ngaphandle kokuyibuyekeza. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukutheleleka kwakha kuwo futhi kuvame ukutholakala ukuthola ama-bulbs abathintekayo ngesikhunta esiyimpunga, ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo asilondolozwe kahle.
Ngakho-ke, emva kweminyaka emithathu noma emine yokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo, kufanele uke uthenge enye impahla yokutshala, noma uyikhule ngokuzimela kusuka kumbewu.
Ukuze uvikele ama-shallots kusukela ekuqoqweni kwezifo, ezibonakala ngokucacile lapho ulungiselela ama-bulb okutshala, noma ukuwavikela ezinambuzane, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ukujikeleza kwezitshalo noma inhlanganisela yezitshalo ezihlukene embhedeni owodwa. Isibonelo ukunciphisa ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba yezimpukane ze-anyanisi kuzosiza ukugibela embhedeni owodwa we-shallots kanye izaqathe.
Zombili amasiko enza njengabavikeli komunye nomunye, kodwa kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi izaqathe zenza imisebenzi yazo kangcono, ngoba imibhede anyanisi ayifuni neze emibhedeni, kanti izinambuzane ezinambuzane zivela.
Uma kunesimvula nesimo sezulu esibanda ngaphandle kwefasitela, umuntu akasoze ahlukumeze amathuba okushaya u-anyanisi ngokuphindaphindiwe noma ukubola kwentamo. Kulesi simo, zonke izitshalo ezithintekile kufanele zisuswe masinyane, kanti ezinye kufanele ziphathwe ngamagciwane atifungal akhethekile.
Kubalulekile!Ngokushesha ngemuva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali imifino ishiloli akufanele idliwe.
Kulabo balimi abakhetha ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane, kuhle ukuba uthuli umbhede ngomlotha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izibungu zivela emaqabunga, zonke izitshalo ziyanisela ngekhambi le-chloride ye-sodium ngesilinganiso se-1 indebe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.
Isikhathi sokuvuna nokugcina
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ukushayela ngokushesha kuveza isivuno esihle, kunokuba kuvele ukubonakala. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqale ukuvuna isitshalo ngokushesha nje lapho kuthatha amaphesenti angu-50-70%. Kumele kuthiwa ukufakwa kwamagqabi o-anyanisi okuwuphawu oluyinhloko lokuvuthwa kwalo okugcwele, okubonisa ukufa kwezimpande kumaDonets.
Lesi sigaba siqala lapho lesi sitshalo singasabeli, futhi wonke amandla ayo aqondiswa ekwakheni izilinganiso ezinamanzi ngaphakathi kwe-anyanisi. Ngesikhathi sekhalenda, izinqubo ezichazwe zenzeka ekupheleni kukaJulayi, kanti ukuvuna kamuva kungaholela ekunciphiseni izinga lokugcina, ngoba ukumile okuphelele kwempaphe kuhlangene nomswakama okwanele womhlabathi kuvame ukuholela ekuthuthukiseni okuqhubekayo ohlelweni lwempande.
Ukuvuna kungcono kakhulu ngosuku olushisayo, ukumba shallots ngezimpaphe. Ngaleli fomu, ama-bulb abekwa kolunye uhlaka futhi ashiyiwe ukuze asomile izinsuku ezingu-10-12 (ukuma endaweni evulekile, enelanga futhi enomoya omuhle kunomthelela ekukhuculeni ama-bulb). Emva kwalesi sikhathi, zonke izinpaphe ziyakunqunywa, zishiya intamo encane, eyomile yezitshalo.
Ukuze kugcinwe isitoreji esengeziwe, izibonelo kuphela ezinempilo ezinama-alb ezifanelekile, ezithathwa ngokushesha ngokuhlunga.
Kungcono ukugcina ama-shallots emabhokisini noma emabhokisini ekushiseni kwe-0 - 3 ° C, ngenkathi ungahlukanisi isidleke sibe ngama-ahlukene ahlukene.
Uyazi? Ezindaweni zase-Ukraine naseRussia, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-shallots yi-Kuschevka Kharkov, i-Zabava, i-Surprise, i-Kuschevka yendawo, i-Kunak, i-Beloretsk 94.
