Cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zezulu zezwe lethu, utamatisi ukhula ngezithombo. Ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo zikwenza lokhu ku-greenhouse, ezindaweni ezingasenyakatho impela zokugcina amakhaza okubandayo nazo ziyafaneleka, kodwa esikhathini esiningi emafasiteleni asentabeni entwasahlobo ezindlini zomuthi zimbozwe ngamabhokisi nezimbiza. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo, ukukhula kwezithombo zikatamatisi kulula, ngakho abalimi bazama ukukwenza bodwa.
Ukutshala imbewu yezithombo
Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukusuka ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu kuya ekuvuneni utamatisi, ngakho-ke ukuhlwanyelwa okuqondile kwembewu engadini kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu. E-Krasnodar Territory, izithombo azidingeki, zitshalwa lapho kuphela uma ufuna ukuthola izilimo zokuqala kakhulu. Emgqeni ophakathi awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezithombo, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, izimo zepulazi lomuzi ngokushisa zilungele ukulikhulisa.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, yonke into kufanele isilungele ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu yezithombo: sebethole imithombo yabo eyigugu noma ithenge imbewu entsha, iziqukathi ezilungisiwe noma abathengile izimbiza ze-peat, izingxenye ezilungisiwe zengxube yenhlabathi noma bathenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo yezithombo ezitolo.
Izinsuku zokutshala utamatisi wezithombo
Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu ekhaya sincike kancane ezinhlotsheni zamatamatisi nalapho kufanele zikhuliswe khona: endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Uma uhlwanyela imbewu kakhulu ekuseni (ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo), kungavela ukuthi izihlahla sezivele ziphelile, nomgwaqo usabanda. Ngakho-ke, akufanele uphuthume nalo mcimbi, utamatisi uhlwanyelwa kamuva kune-isitshalo seqanda nepelepele.
Ukubala isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu kulandela ukuthi esigabeni sokuhlwanyelwa, utamatisi udinga ukuchitha cishe izinyanga ezimbili, futhi angatshalwa engadini ngaphandle kokukhosela kuphela ngemuva kokudlula kusongo lweqhwa. Vele, kwenzeka ukuthi ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho kakhulu hhayi eqandeni zenzeka ngoJuni futhi, kepha ikakhulukazi esifundeni esiphakathi noma esifundeni sezulu esifanayo, izithombo zingatshalwa ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngakho-ke, igama lokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo liwela engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi. Ukulima okuhlaza okotshani, ungahlwanyela imbewu emasontweni ambalwa edlule.
Ngokuqondene nezinhlobonhlobo, njengomthetho, izinhlobo ezivuthiwe ezivuthiwe zihlwanyelwe kuqala, zokuqala zingokugcina. Ezinye nzalo ze-super-zakuqala ezinyangeni ezimbili ezimbizeni azikwazi ukuqhuma nje kuphela, kepha futhi nokusetha izithelo, futhi lokhu sekuvele kuyindida. Ngakho-ke, utamatisi wokuqala ovuthiwe ungahlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
Ukukhetha nokuklanywa kwenhlabathi namandla
Imvamisa, imbewu yetamatisi kuqala ihlwanyelwa kunoma yiliphi ibhokisi elincane noma ibhokisi, bese izithombo zitshalwa ezinkomishini ezihlukile noma kumbhokisi omkhulu kuphela. Konke kuncike kokuthandwa ngumgcini wegadi, inani lamabhishi akhulile kanye nokutholakala kwendawo yamahhala efulethini.
Esigabeni sokuqala, ukusuka ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu kuye ekutholeni, akukho lutho olungelula ukwedlula amabhokisi amakhadibhodi enziwe ngejusi noma ubisi onomthamo wamalitha amabili. Sika olulodwa lwezinhlangothi ezinkulu, wenze izimbobo eziningana kwelinye elihlukile lokudonsa - futhi usuqedile. Umthamo ulungele nje ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezinhlobo ezi-1-2, futhi amasonto amabili amandla ale khadibhodi anele.
Ukuze uthenge izimbiza, ezingumbono omuhle, ophakathi nendawo, kufanele uthengwe. Kepha bathatha isikhala esiningi, futhi babiza imali. Ngakho-ke, abanikazi bezokuqoqelwa baqoqa zonke izinhlobo zezinkomishi ku-ukhilimu omuncu, ushizi we-cottage shizi, njll. Eziningi zezinhlobo zamatamatisi, ivolumu engu-300-500 ml yanele, ikakhulukazi enkulu - kuze kufike kwilitha. Yebo, uma kunendawo encane kakhulu endlini, sithatha noma imaphi amabhokisi enkuni asayizi ofanele bese sitshala izithombo kulelihostela. Amabhokisi kuphela akufanele abe mancane kakhulu: ukuphakama kufanele okungenani kube ngu-8 cm.
Izithombo zikatamatisi zingakhula cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, uma kuphela zivundile futhi zingatheleleki. Ungamane uthenge iphakethe lengxube yenhlabathi esitolo: yonkana noma ngokuqondile utamatisi. Kepha ngokukhulisa inani elikhulu lezithombo kubiza kancane. Ngokuzibandakanya kokuhlanganiswa kwengxube, ukwakheka okuhle kungumbala we-peat, humus kanye nomhlaba wesod (konke ngokulinganayo). Uma kukhona okushodayo, sisebenzisa lokho okusele, kepha umhlabathi ohlanganisiwe kufanele ube lula, uthambisa umswakama futhi uphefumule.
Indlela elula yokuphuma kokungenalutho inhlabathi evamile nesihlabathi (2: 1), kepha ingxube enjalo kufanele ivundiswe ngomlotha okungenani, futhi ikhethe umquba noma i-humus.
Noma yimuphi umhlabathi kufanele ungcoliswe. Ukugoba kuhhavini akujabulisi kakhulu emzimbeni, ngakho-ke into elula ukuthi uchithe ingxube ngesisombululo esishisayo sepinki se-potanganum permanganate. Kwenze lokhu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ukulungiselela imbewu yokuhlwanyela kuya ngemvelaphi yabo. Kwizilimo eziningi, ukutshala nzalo (F1) kunenzuzo enkulu.
Ngombono wami othobekile, lo mbhalo awusebenzi njalo kumatamatisi. Vele, kukhona nzalo evundayo ephakeme futhi ethela izithelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Kepha kunezinhlobo eziningi ezindala ezifanelekile kangangokuba asifuni ukuzikhulumela zona. Ngempela, kusuka kumatamatisi we-varietal, ungathatha kalula imbewu futhi ube neyakho njalo, ihlolwe.
Uma imbewu ithengwa esitolo, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalo. Mhlawumbe vele sezikulungele ukuhlwanyelwa. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje sokulungiselela kwesinye isikhathi buholela ekuhlumeni kwembewu isikhathi eside, kepha busuke buqhamuke kubo. Ukufeza noma yikuphi ukuzilungiselela okuzimele kwalezi zimbewu, ungaphazamisa konke umenzi akwenzile ngaphambi kokuthengisa. Imbewu enjalo ingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha, yomile. Well, noma esiphezulu - simanzi.
Udinga ukulungiselela imbewu yakho yokutshala. Inqubo yokubulala amagciwane ingahlanganiswa nokwenqatshwa kwezimbewu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungiselela isixazululo esiqinile, esimnyama sobubende se-potanganum permanganate. Lapho uqeda, qiniseka ukuthi zonke izinhlayiya ziyahlakazeka. Imbewu igcinwa embizeni enesixazululo esinjalo semizuzu engama-20-25, kepha ngemuva kwemizuzu emihlanu ngokugabha okukhulu, imbewu enhle kakhulu izodonsa, bese kuthi ngemuva kwalokhu eminye emihlanu kuphela leyo engafanele ukuhlwanyelwa isasele ebusweni. Mhlawumbe zizokuhluma, kepha izitshalo zizoba buthakathaka kakhulu kunolunye.
Kudingeka isixazululo esiqinile se-potassium permanganate (ngakwesobunxele) sokugqoka imbewu;
Imbewu egayiwe ihlungwa nge-strainer, igezwe kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese ifakwa ngendwangu emanzi. Ngemuva kokuzigcina zifudumele izinsuku ezimbalwa, faka le rag kunoma iyiphi inkomishi encane (okungcono, uma kukhona, isidlo sePetri), ikhava ngesivalo bese uyithumela esiqandisini. I-Hardening iqukethe imbewu ehambayo esuka esiqandisini iye ngaphandle ngaphandle imvamisa yamahora angama-8 kuya kwezinsuku ezintathu. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu isilungele ukuhlwanyelwa.
Kuyiqiniso, abanye abalimi basebenzisa ukwelashwa kwembewu ngezivuseleli zokukhula (i-Epin-extra, uju, ujusi we-aloe, njll.), Kodwa kubonakala sengathi lokhu akudingekile ngamatamatisi (kodwa, ngokwesibonelo, kuma-ama-eggplant, okuyinto engenabungozi kakhulu, udinga ukwenza lokhu ) Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ungacubunguli imbewu yami? Kuliqiniso, kungenzeka, kepha kuphela uma izihlahla zangesikhathi esedlule zingalimanga nakancane futhi uma kukhona isiqinisekiso sokuthi izitshalo ngokuzayo ngeke ziwe ngaphansi kwamakhaza amakhulu.
Ungalima kanjani utamatisi wezithombo
Kunamasiko ekuthathwa kuwo okungathandeki; kukhona lawo okwamukelekayo. Kwamatamatisi, kuyasiza, ngakho-ke akufanele ihlwanyelwe izithombo ngokushesha ezindebeni ezihlukile. Ukuze uhlwanyele, thatha ibhokisi elincane noma ibhokisi bese uthelela inhlabathi elungiselelwe ngo ungqimba ka-5-6 cm, uyilinganise bese uyihlanganisa kancane. Uma sihlwanyela izinhlobo eziningana esitsheni esisodwa, nganoma iyiphi indlela sahlukanisa noma simane sisayine izilimo. Konke okunye kulula.
- Simaka nanoma yiliphi ithuluzi elifanele ifulethi elincane elinobubanzi obuyi-1-1,5 cm kumabanga 4-5 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Ama-grooves angenziwa angajulile kakhulu
- Sibeka imbewu elungiselelwe emabangeni ka-2,5-3 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Imbewu katamatisi ayincane kakhulu, ingahlelwa eyodwa ngasikhathi
- Fafaza inhlabathi ngenhlabathi, ngaphezulu, uma iqhwa lingakancibiliki, libeke ngohlaka olungamasentimitha angama-3-4. Uma ungasitholi, vele uthele izitshalo ngobumnene, ukhulisa inhlabathi. Uma kungekho iqhwa (futhi lisiza kakhulu izithombo zesikhathi esizayo!) Ungalinisela ngaphambi kokuba imbewu ibekwe, kanye nasemiseleni.
Isithwathwa sembewu ukuthambisa okungcono kakhulu
- Simboza ikhabethe ngengilazi noma ngefilimu futhi silibeka endaweni efudumele, izinga lokushisa elilungile lingama-23-25 mayelanaC. Ngaphambi kokuvela, ukukhanya kuyinto efiselekayo, kepha ayidingeki.
Ifilimu lidala kahle umphumela wokugcina ukushisa.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-7 (ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nezinga lokushisa), ungalindela ukuqoqwa kwe- “loops” utamatisi. Sidlulisela ibhokisi kufasitela ngewindi elivulekile. Ngezinsuku ezingama-5-6 phakathi nosuku, kudingeka izinga lokushisa lika-16-16 C C, futhi ebusuku liphansi kancane. Bese uyandisa kancane kancane ibe ngu-18-20 ° C phakathi nosuku uye ku-15-16 ° C ebusuku.
Izithombo ezikahle kufanele zibukeke zingafani nakancane nesigaba sokuqala
Izindlela zokutshala utamatisi wezithombo
Ukuhlwanyela okuchaziwe ebhokisini elijwayelekile kuyindlela yendabuko ekukhuliseni izithombo zikatamatisi. Ngezinsuku eziyi-10-12 sizodonsa amapuleti abe izinkomishi ezihlukile noma amabhokisi amakhulu. Kepha muva nje, ezinye izindlela, ezingezona ezejwayelekile zokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo seziyinsakavukela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhodwe we-peat
Izimbiza ezinqobekile ze-peat zenziwa nge-peat, zicindezelwe ngendlela yamabhodwe ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nosayizi. I-Peat ivame ukuphathwa ngomanyolo kanye nezivuseleli zokukhula. Izinzuzo zamabhodwe we-peat ngaphezu kwanoma abanye abanye ngimi ngokulandelayo:
- lapho utshala engadini, kutshalwa izithombo ngebhodwe;
- ngokufakelwa okunjalo, izimpande zihlala ziqinile;
- i-peat okwenziwe kuyo amabhodwe nayo ingumanyolo.
Utamatisi udinga izimbiza ezinobukhulu obuphakathi. Okunye okuphazamisayo kwamabhodwe we-peat ukuthi afakwe amanzi ngokunisela, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungawaphindi futhi: uwafake ugqoko ofanele bese uwagcina lapho kuze kutshalwe engadini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhleleka okuminyene, izimpande zesitshalo esisodwa zimila ebhodweni eliseduze, lokhu kufanele kubhekelwe.
Ezimweni zamazambane we-peat izithombo zikhululekile kakhulu, kepha zizothatha isikhala esiningi
Amabhodwe we-Peat ahle kakhulu ezitshalweni ezingadingi ukukha. Utamatisi akuwona owalokho, kepha, kepha abanye abalimi bahlwanyela imbewu katamatisi ezimbizeni bese bakhulisa izithombo kuzo kuze kube sekupheleni. Indlela yokutshala ayihlukile kulena esebhokisini.
Ukuhlwanyelwa ezibhebheni ze-peat
Amathebhulethi we-Peat alungele izitshalo ezingathandi ukukhetha. Kepha, njengamabhodwe we-peat, abanye abathandi bayayisebenzisa njalo lapho bekhula izithombo zikatamatisi, ngoba kulula kakhulu. Amacwecwe enziwe nge-peat acindezelwe, lapho kunezelwa izakhi zomzimba kanye nezinto ezikhuthaza ukukhula okuhlukahlukene. Ububanzi obukhulu bezibhebhe zezithombo zezitamatisi buyi-7 cm.
Amacwecwe abekwa emgqonyeni futhi kancane kancane agcwaliswa ngamanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphakama kwabo kukhula kaningana. Kwelinye lamaphethelo wezibhebhe (udinga ukulithola bese ubeka ithebhulethi ngalokhu kugcina) kunokucindezeleka okuncane lapho imbewu ibekwa khona. Emva kwalokho, imbewu ivaliwe kancane bese iphinda inisela kancane. Amacwecwe anezitshalo emgqonyeni embozwe futhi agcinwe endaweni efudumele, ekhanyayo, ngezikhathi ezithile engeza amanzi. Ngemuva kokuvela, ikhava iyasuswa. Nisela amaphilisi, umane ufake amanzi ebhokisini. Akudingekile ukondla izithombo ezibhebheni.
Amathebulethi anayo yonke into yezithombo: awudingi ngisho nokuyondla
Ukusetshenziswa kwephepha lasendlini yangasese
Imvamisa, esigabeni sokuqala sokutshala izithombo (kuze kufike ekutholeni) azenza ngaphandle komhlaba, zisebenzisa iphepha lasendlini njengesiqalo. Lesi yisibonelo salokhu okubizwa ngokuthi yi-hydroponics, kepha kunzima ukuletha izithombo zamatamatisi ngaphandle komhlabathi ekuthatheni kakhulu engadini. Isibonelo esisodwa sokusetshenziswa kwamaphepha kulingisa imbewu yokutshala ebhokisini elivamile:
- Sika ibhodlela lepulasitiki elilodwa nohhafu bese ubeka izingqimba eziningana zamaphepha ezindlu zangasese phansi kolunye lwehhafu.
- Imbewu yetamatisi elungiselelwe ibekwa phakathi kwezendlalelo zephepha, ezihlukaniswe ngo-2-3 cm.
- Iphepha lifafazwa ngamanzi, ngemuva kwalokho uhhafu webhodlela usongwe ngefilimu.
- Faka leli "bhokisi" endaweni efudumele bese ulinda izithombo.
- Lapho kuvela amahlumela, kwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngendlela efanayo nasendaweni yomhlaba, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa bakukhulise.
- Kuze kube kukhetho, azenzi lutho ngebhodlela, bese ziqaqa isakhiwo bese zidonsa izithombo zibe izinkomishi ngomhlabathi.
Kokunye okufakiwe, sebenzisa iphepha lasendlini ngendlela ye "swazi", ulisonteke ukuze libe yi-roll, ngaphambili ebelifakwe kwifilimu eminyene.
Kwinhlwathi, izithombo zihlala kuphela kuze kube sembizeni
Ukunakekela izithombo
Efulethini, indawo enhle kakhulu yezithombo yifasitele elangeni, kepha abalimi bakwenza konke lokho kungenzeka, futhi ngenxa yalokho kufanele uqhamuke nomklamo wokukhanya okwengeziwe: ngisho etafuleni eliseduze nefasitela kungaba mnyama.
Izimo ezikhulayo (ukukhanyisa, izinga lokushisa)
Ngokombono wokushisa, izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuhluma zibalulekile: uma ushiya izithombo ekushiseni okungaphezulu kwama-20 mayelanaC, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa bangaphonswa kude. Zelula ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma kungakabi nokukhanya okwanele. Isikhathi sonke sezithombo zezitamatisi kufanele sibe nokushisa kwansuku zonke kwe-20-22 mayelanaI-C (eyi-18 kufanelekile, kepha engama-25 isivele iyiningi). Kufanele kube amakhaza ambalwa ebusuku.
Isikhathi sasemini asikelulwa ngokuqondile, ngoMashi-Ephreli kwanele, kodwa isibani kufanele sikhanye. Ukukhanya kwelanga kwemvelo kwanele nje efasiteleni eliseningizimu (entshonalanga nasempumalanga vele alikwanele, enyakatho kunqunywe ukuthi kuncane). Kunoma ikuphi, izithombo kufanele zihleleke ukuze ziphonswe kakhulu engilazini, kodwa zingathinti. Amadivaysi ahlukahlukene okubonakalisa i-retro asiza: izibuko, i-foil yokudla, njll. Izikrini ezinjalo ezenziwe ekhaya zisethwe ukuze ukukhanya kwelanga kungene kuzo, futhi kusuka kuzo kuboniswa izithombo.
Ukukhanya kufanele kubande ukuze kungashisi amaqabunga
Kodwa-ke, ukukhanyisa okwenziwe kuma-ssets amnyama noma kumatafula kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuyinto engathandeki ukusebenzisa izibani ze-incandescent zalokhu: nabo bashisa umoya. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle kungamalambu akhanya ebandayo yasemini noma amalambu e-diode, into enhle kakhulu ngama-phytolamp akhethekile ezithombo.
Ukunisela
Ngemithetho yokunisela izithombo, konke kulula, kepha abalimi abangenalwazi bayakwazi ukwephula. Izithombo zamanzi ezingeziwe azidingeki! Kuyesabeka ikakhulukazi esiteji sokuqala futhi kuhlanganiswa nesimo sezulu esipholile esinamafu. Ukugcotshwa kwamanzi kwenhlabathi okuncane kakhulu, futhi ngisho nasebhokisini elijwayelekile, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kungaholela kulesi sifo sezithombo ezimnyama zokufa kanye nokufa kweningi laso.
Nisela izithombo kuphela ngamanzi afudumele (25-30 mayelanaC) nasendabeni yokuomiswa okusobala kwengqimba yenhlabathi engaphezulu. Lokhu abakwenzi nsuku zonke; ukuthambisa nsuku zonke kungadingeka kuphela emazingeni okugcina entuthuko, lapho izithombo sezivele zikhulu kakhulu, futhi singekho isikhala esanele emabhodweni noma emabhokisini.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kufiseleka lapho kuqhamuka iqabunga langempela, kepha uma izithombo zikhula ngendlela evamile, ingahlehliswa, ngoba ezinsukwini eziyi-1-2 ngemuva kwalokhu (esigabeni samaqabunga ama-2) utamatisi kuzodingeka ukuthi udonswe. Ngakho-ke, ukugqoka kwangempela okuphezulu kunikezwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 ngemuva kokuhudula. Sebenzisa noma yimuphi umanyolo wamaminerali ngokuphelele ngokwemiyalo yawo. Uma ingxube yenhlabathi ekuqaleni yayivundiswe kahle, ukumfaka nje komlotha wokhuni kunganele.
Isidingo sokugqoka okuphezulu okulandelayo kuncike ekutheni izithombo zikhula kanjani nokuthi kusasele isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuba kutshalwe emhlabathini.Uma kunovalo lokuthi izithombo zizophuma, i-nitrogen akufanele inikezwe, futhi kunengqondo ukuphinda ukondla umlotha, kungenziwa ngezinsuku eziyi-10-12 ngaphambi kokutshala. Uma izitshalo zikhula ziqinile, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-azofoska. Iphuzu ekunikezelweni kokudla akuyona ukuthola izihlahla ezingamamitha ayihafu ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, kepha ukwenza izithombo ziqine futhi zibe namandla.
Ividiyo: kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu kuye ekukhetheni izithombo zikatamatisi
Khetha
Kuzithombo zezitamatisi, ukukhetha ngomqondo wayo we-classical kubhekwa njengokuphoqelekile. Kuliqiniso, utamatisi uzokhula ngaphandle kwawo, kepha ukufakelwa kwezithombo kube indawo ebanzi ngokuncipha impande ephakathi kuthuthukisa kahle isimo sohlelo lwezimpande futhi kuholela kwisitshalo esinamandla.
Abalimi abaningi bakhetha lapho kuvela amaqabunga wangempela ayi-2. Ngokweqiniso, okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kukhombisile ukuthi kulula ukwenza lokhu phambilini. Uma inhlabathi inomsoco, emva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-8, ezimeni zokushisa ezifanele, izithombo zikhula kahle, futhi amaqabunga angempela ngalesi sikhathi asamamatheke nje. Uma ulinda isikhathi eside, izimpande zingakhula zibe zinkulu kangangokuba kuzoba nzima ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi yazo okuyiyona ephambili, kuzoba nzima ukwenza umgodi ukuze wonke umhlaba ukhule ngokukhululeka endaweni entsha.
Ukukha utamatisi, vele, kwenziwa kangcono izinkomishi ezihlukene ngomthamo okungenani wama-300 ml, kepha lokhu kungenzeka kuphela lapho kukhula izihlahla eziyi-10-20. Asilokothi sitshale ngaphansi kwama-150; ukubeka izingilazi eziningi efulethini akunangqondo. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwe-dive, izithombo zihlala endaweni yokulala - amabhokisi amakhulu okhuni. Senza ukuthi zifane nosayizi wewindows. Futhi utamatisi uvame ukubekezelela ukutshala engadini ngomonakalo othile ezimpandeni, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokumba izithombo ngaphandle kwebhokisi.
Amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokukhethwa, izithombo kufanele ziniselwe ngokunensa. Bagebha izithombo ngesikibha samathoyizi noma ngosizo ngemfoloko, isipuni - noma yini eseseduze. Kulula ukwenza umgodi ngosayizi wokumba okumbiwe endaweni entsha ngepensela elidala (ngemuva kwakho konke, kufana nesiqongo, nansi ipiki!). Cindezela impande ephakathi ukuze ivumelane kalula endaweni entsha. Kwesinye isikhathi kufanele ukle ngisho nengxenye, kepha akusekho okunye. Ukutshala izithombo kungcwatshwa ukuze amaqabunga e-cotyledonous aqhubeke abe ngu-5-10 mm kuphela ukusuka enhlabathini. Izithombo zidluliselwa ebhokisini elivamile ngokuya ngohlelo alukho ngaphezu kuka-10 x 7 cm.
Pikivka - isifundo ubucwebe
Sula izimpande ngeminwe yakho, uthele izithombo ngamanzi afudumele bese uzihlanze izinsuku eziyi-2-3 emthunzini osendaweni yokushisa kwegumbi. Izitshalo ezithole izimpande endaweni entsha ngemuva kwalokho kuzoqhubeka nokukhula kwazo ngokushesha. Kakade ngosuku lwesibili kuzobonakala ukuthi badonswa kanjani ekukhanyeni: kusho ukuthi konke kuhlelekile. Ngezikhathi ezithile, amabhokisi ajikwajika ngendlela eya elangeni, ukuze izithombo zikhule ngokulinganayo.
Ukuphatha
Emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokutshala engadini, izithombo ziqeqeshwa emoyeni omusha. Okokuqala bavula amafasitela, bese bebakhiphela ngaphandle kuvulandi. Impela, izinga lokushisa akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-10-12 mayelanaC, nesikhathi sokuhamba kufanele sandiswe kancane: ukusuka emaminithini angama-20 kuye ngosuku olugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi, utamatisi ufundiswa ukungabi nomswakama, unciphise inani lokunisela. Uma ngasikhathi sinye amaqabunga ehla, kulungile: udinga nje ukwazi isilinganiso, hhayi ukubulala izitshalo.
Ividiyo: izeluleko zokukhulisa izithombo zikatamatisi
Izifo nezinambuzane zezithombo ekhaya
Uma izithombo zinakekelwa kahle, futhi imbewu nenhlabathi sekuhlanzwe, izifo ekhaya ziyaqabukela: izimbangela zezifo zezithombo kufanele zifunwe ngezenzo zazo. Ezinye zezifo ziphathwa ngempumelelo, ezinye ziyabulala.
- Umlenze omnyama uyisifo esiyingozi, isizathu esiningi ukuvuna amanzi kwenhlabathi, ngokunisela ngamanzi abandayo nokutshala okuminyene. Ukhunta luhlasela izithombo eduze kwenhlabathi, isiqu simnyama, siyaphela, isitshalo siyafa. Akunakwenzeka ukusindisa izinhlobonhlobo ezinesifo. Kufanele zisuswe, inhlabathi iniselwa nge-potanganum permanganate futhi ifafazwe ngesihlabathi esomile. Kepha kungcono ukuthi udlulise izitshalo ezisindile ngokushesha zingene emhlabathini ohlanzekile.
Umlenze omnyama yisifo esibulalayo
- ISeporia (ibala elimhlophe) isikhunta esimboza amaqabunga ngamabala amancane akhanyayo ajika abe nsundu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izifo ezisezigabeni zokuqala zithathwa ngokufafaza izithombo nge-fungicides (ingxube yeBordeaux, iRidomil Gold).
USeporia uphathwa kuphela esigabeni sokuqala
- I-Fusarium wilting isikhunta esithinta iziqu zezitshalo ezimnyama, zibune futhi ziphelelwe amandla. Amaqabunga aqhakaza, aqothule futhi awe. Izitshalo ezingekho ziyasuswa, kuthi eziseduze zifafazwe ngeTrichodermin noma iFitosporin-M.
Ngezithombo zeFusarium, ungagcina kuphela labo abangazange baqale ukuncipha.
- UMosaus wamatamatisi isifo esinegciwane, esibonakaliswa ukungalingani okubonakalayo kumbala wamaqabunga. Izikhala zemibala ehlukahlukene nanoma iyiphi imbobo ivela kuzo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iqabunga liyoma futhi life. Izitshalo ezithintekile kufanele zisuswe, okusalile kufafazwe nge-3% urea solution.
UMose ubukeka engenangozi, kepha lesi sifo siyingozi kakhulu
- Ukubona amabala ansundu kuvela ngendlela yamabala amancane aphuzi emaqabungeni, ngokushesha amaqabunga ayaphela. Ezigabeni zokuqala, lesi sifo singalapheka ngosizo noma yiziphi izidakamizwa eziqukethe ithusi, njenge-Hom noma i-Bordeaux fluid.
Uma amabala ansundu abanjwa ngesikhathi, izithombo zingasindiswa
Izinambuzane efulethini ledolobha cishe azikho ndawo uma zingakahlali enhlabathini, ngakho-ke inhlekelele enjalo nayo ayihlaseli ukuhlasela. Izilokazane ezidume kakhulu zezithombo zamatamatisi yilezi ezilandelayo.
- Ama-thrips izinambuzane ezincane kakhulu ezikhuphuka ngokushesha futhi zincela ama-juices amaqabunga. Ukuvimbela ukufafaza izithombo ngokufakwa kwegalikhi, ukulawula izinambuzane - Ukulungiswa kwe-Actellik noma iFitoverm.
Isenzo se-Thrips sibukeka njengokulunywa
- Ama-aphid - izibungu zawo zihlala emhlabathini, ukuze zilethwe ekhaya. Ngokuvamile i-aphid ihlala engaphansi kweqabunga, iguqule amahlamvu ngokushesha libe lingaphili. Ukulwa - izidakamizwa ezifanayo ngokuchasene nokuqhekeka.
Ama-aphid kumatamatisi abukeka efana nezinye izitshalo
Ezinye izinambuzane zetamatisi ezithinta izihlahla engadini (i-whitefly, ibhere, izimpukane, ihlumela lengadi, njll.) Azitholakali ekhaya ezitshalweni.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona lapho kukhula izithombo
Ukukhulisa izithombo zikatamatisi efulethini kulula kakhulu kuneziphephe noma izithombo zeklabishi. Kepha umlimi ongenalwazi angalinda ukwehluleka.
Inkinga yokuqala yezithombo ekhulayo ilele yokulinda umninimzi ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuhluma. Uma ungalehlisi ngokushesha izinga lokushisa futhi wandise ukukhanyisa, amahlumela ayelula ngokushesha. Uma ukwazi ukubamba, idolo lokukhipha izinsuku ezimbalwa lalingelide kune-3-4 cm ubude, ungavele ungeze inhlabathi ulungise amazinga okushisa nawokukhanya. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanele ushiye kabusha.
Isimo singenzeka lapho izithombo ezihlume kahle ziwile ngokuzumayo. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka kusuka ekutshaleni kakhulu. Abaphuthumayo badinga ukuzikhipha, bezishiya zinamandla. Kungcono ukungazikhiphi izitshalo, kodwa uzinqume ngesikisi ngaso sonke isikhathi senhlabathi. Esinye isizathu - umlenze omnyama - kuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla.
Uma izithombo zibukeka ziqinile, kepha zingakhuli, zingamakhaza nje. Lesi simo asisibi kangako: ebangeni elipholile lezithombo liba namandla kuphela, kepha akufanele ulibazise izinga lokushisa elinzima isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto. Uma konke kuhleliwe ngokushisa, kungenzeka kakhulu, utamatisi awanakho umsoco owanele, kufanele ondleke ngokushesha.
Amacembe aphuzi ayinkinga evamile. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya noma indlala ye-nitrogen. Lezi zinto ezimbili kulula ukuzilungisa, kepha uma kungasizi, ungazama ukuthutha utamatisi ungene ezitsheni ezinkulu ezinomhlabathi ohlanzekile, ovundile.
Kwenzeka ukuthi phakathi kwenhlala-kahle, izitshalo ziqale ukubuna futhi zibhubhe ngendlela emangalisayo. Izizathu zihlukahlukene kakhulu kangangokuba kunzima ukuzibikezela. Lokhu kungaba yizinkinga nje ngokuntuleka noma ngokweqile komswakama, kodwa futhi nokusebenzisa ngokweqile ngamanyolo. Uma kutholakala inkinga, ingaxazululwa, futhi ingxenye yezitshalo igciniwe.
Izithombo zikatamatisi ezikhulayo zitholakala kunoma yimuphi umhlali wasehlobo onamakhono ayisisekelo ekusebenzeni nezitshalo, isikhathi samahhala nendawo yokuhlela amabhokisi eflethini. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi balima izithombo ngokwazo, ngoba ngasikhathi sinye wazi kahle ukuthi yini oyihlwanyelayo nokuthi uzothola ini. Akudingekile ukuthembela abathengisi emakethe, kodwa kufanele wenze owakho umsebenzi.
